Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law最新文献_第8页

Clarifying Human Dignity in Forensic Practice. 在法医实践中明确人的尊严。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230118-23

Ezra E H Griffith, Véronique A S Griffith

{"title":"Clarifying Human Dignity in Forensic Practice.","authors":"Ezra E H Griffith, Véronique A S Griffith","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230118-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230118-23","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of human dignity remains a relatively complex concept that has roots in classical Greek and Roman antiquity and links to religious teachings and Kantian philosophical notions. From the Latin dignitas, human dignity means worth and implies excellence and distinction. Human dignity, also found in 20th century constitutions and international declarations, has been considered in bioethics, general medicine, and psychiatry. The application of dignity to forensic psychiatry practice has received less attention. Through a review of texts in medicine and related fields, such as philosophy and anthropology, we aim to clarify the concept of human dignity and its application in forensic psychiatry practice. We first outline the historical origins of the term. We then consider several varieties of human dignity applied in medical ethics and psychiatry. We review individuals' lived experiences of indignity and dignity's place in forensic practice in different loci. We present recent scholarship related to human dignity and highlight the importance of dignity in forensic practice. Focusing on dignity in evaluator-evaluee and doctor-patient relationships should improve forensic work. Training in dignity-imbued forensic practice should remind us of the human dimensions of those we serve in the forensic arena.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"52 1","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Term Psychological and Physiological Effects of Male Sexual Trauma. 男性性创伤对心理和生理的长期影响。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230076-23

Victor G Petreca, Ann W Burgess

{"title":"Long-Term Psychological and Physiological Effects of Male Sexual Trauma.","authors":"Victor G Petreca, Ann W Burgess","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230076-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230076-23","url":null,"abstract":"Male sexual trauma presents multiple clinical challenges. Although the topic has received increased attention in the last couple decades, male sexual trauma continues to be underreported and underrecognized. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of sexual trauma for men who were victimized within an institutional environment by a person in a position of power. This study included data from 47 adult men who were victims of sexual abuse or misconduct by an assigned physician at a higher education academic institution between 1966 and 2003. A primary finding was elevated rates of intimacy and sexual problems and erectile dysfunction, which started shortly after the abuse and persisted over time. We found that there was an association between intimacy and sexual problems and difficulty maintaining employment, drug addiction, erectile dysfunction, and loss of meaningful and romantic relationships. Levels of potential psychopathology were prominently linked to loss of sexual interest or pleasure, intimacy concerns, and loss of intimate and other personal relationships. Men who experienced sexual abuse as adults within an institutional environment developed long-standing patterns of interpersonal and professional problems. This study emphasizes the need for nuanced screening, evaluation, and treatment for male sexual trauma.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"52 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balance and Change in Forensic Psychiatry. 法医精神病学的平衡与变革》。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230121-23

James L Knoll

{"title":"Balance and Change in Forensic Psychiatry.","authors":"James L Knoll","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230121-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230121-23","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of forensic psychiatry requires balance; the forensic psychiatrist encounters the need for balance routinely and in a variety of areas. Balance is necessary for sound judgment and objectivity when striving for excellence in the field. It is also necessary to effectively balance a career in forensic psychiatry with one's personal life. The American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL) has stressed the virtue of balance in the preamble of its ethics guidelines, noting the importance of balancing competing obligations to the individual and society. Keeping in mind the importance of balance will assist forensic psychiatry with the many challenges of a postinternet era, such as rapidly changing technology, culture, and society. A substantial challenge for forensic psychiatry, now and in the future, involves data overflow and the so-called big data explosion. Information now flows too fast and in such vast amounts that a single individual can no longer keep pace. Balance may be pursued by adapting and leveraging certain skills to confront these challenges more effectively. The current inflection point of rapid technological, social, and cultural change, stresses the importance of balance through teamwork, technology, and prioritizing civil discourse.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"52 1","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A National Survey of Problem-Solving Court Staff Perceptions of In-Person versus Virtual Hearings. 关于解决问题的法庭工作人员对亲临现场与虚拟听证的看法的全国调查。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230075-23

Barbara Andraka-Christou, Danielle D Atkins, M H Clark, Brandon Del Pozo, Bradley Ray

{"title":"A National Survey of Problem-Solving Court Staff Perceptions of In-Person versus Virtual Hearings.","authors":"Barbara Andraka-Christou, Danielle D Atkins, M H Clark, Brandon Del Pozo, Bradley Ray","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230075-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230075-23","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, problem-solving courts adopted virtual hearings. We conducted an online nationwide survey with a convenience sample of court staff to elicit their perceptions of court participants' attendance, engagement, willingness to talk, and ability to form connection with judges during in-person versus virtual hearings. Sign tests compared ordinal ratings for perceptions of court participant outcomes during in-person versus virtual hearing modalities, and for audiovisual technology versus audio-only technology. The final analysis included 146 staff. Staff felt that during in-person hearings judges could form closer relationships with participants, quality of information exchanged was higher, and participants were more willing to talk. Staff rated attendance as high regardless of the modality. Staff felt participant engagement was higher with audiovisual technology than audio-only technology. Our results suggest that staff have concerns about effects of virtual hearings on court participant engagement and ability to form relationships with judges. Courts should address these potential negative effects of virtual hearings. We are concerned that staff perceived participants more negatively when participants used audio-only versus audiovisual technology, because technology access could be associated with participant demographic characteristics. Further research is needed to examine court participant perceptions and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"52 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10936548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letters. 来信

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240004-24

Sheilagh Hodgins

引用次数: 0

Locus of Control. 控制源。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230119-23

Matthew Robert Dernbach, Emily Anne Kiernan

引用次数: 0

Obstacles in the Field of Sexual Assault Research in Iran. 伊朗性侵犯研究领域的障碍。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240003-24

Seyed Abolfazl Ghoreishi, Kimia Bashardoost Nalekiashari

引用次数: 0

How Experts Advise Evaluating Pro Se Competence 15 Years Post-Edwards. 爱德华兹案 15 年后，专家如何建议评估自诉人的能力。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230060-23

David S Im, Jay S Witherell

{"title":"How Experts Advise Evaluating Pro Se Competence 15 Years Post-Edwards.","authors":"David S Im, Jay S Witherell","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230060-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230060-23","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge of achieving an acceptable balance between respecting the autonomy of criminal defendants by allowing them to self-represent, and protecting the integrity of the judicial process by limiting this right when mental illness impedes such efforts, has been longstanding. Although courts have long tended to allow self-representation, a recognized ability of states to limit such rights was articulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Indiana v. Edwards (2008). Because Edwards outlined no specific test for representational competence, numerous scholars have proposed criteria over the last 15 years, with variable frameworks and points of emphasis. We synthesized the published literature since Edwards on the evaluation of pro se competence. A search of electronic databases was conducted using relevant search terms, yielding 31 identified articles after review of titles, abstracts, full-text articles, and reference lists. Overall, in evaluating pro se competence, experts advise assessing whether a defendant can demonstrate the cognitive, communicative, and emotional abilities to conduct an adequate defense, engage in constructive social intercourse, provide a rational reason for pursuing self-representation, and willingly work with standby counsel. Using these factors, we propose a representational competence standard that balances defendant autonomy with court paternalism. Implications for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"529-541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10261692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adjudicative Competence in the Context of a Defendant's Absence from Trial after a Suicide Attempt. 在被告自杀未遂后缺席审判的情况下的裁判能力。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230093-23

Joseph B Williams

引用次数: 0

Assessing Racial Effects on Adjudicative Competence. 评估种族对裁决能力的影响。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230074-23

Kelsey S Hobart, Shilpa Krishnan, Sean D Cleary, Philip J Candilis

引用次数: 0