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Assessing Racial Effects on Adjudicative Competence. 评估种族对裁决能力的影响。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230074-23
Kelsey S Hobart, Shilpa Krishnan, Sean D Cleary, Philip J Candilis
{"title":"Assessing Racial Effects on Adjudicative Competence.","authors":"Kelsey S Hobart, Shilpa Krishnan, Sean D Cleary, Philip J Candilis","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230074-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230074-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As racial influences on forensic outcomes are identified in every aspect of practice, scholars are exploring methods to disentangle race from its historical, economic, and attitudinal antecedents. Because jurisdictions vary in these influences, definitions and data may differ among them, creating inconsistencies in analysis and policy. This retrospective database review compared differences in racial outcomes among 200 pretrial defendants, 160 Black and 40 White, exploring a wide range of socioeconomic, clinical, and forensic influences before, during, and after hospitalization. Because of the tight relationship of socioeconomic factors and race, investigators hypothesized that it would be difficult to distinguish racial influences alone. Using a confirmatory approach to data collection and a statistical analysis based in logistic regression, only differences in referral for psychological testing were identified. Application of this method based on local demographics and culture may prove useful for institutions interested in evaluating racial influences on forensic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"542-550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41143458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Framework to Advance Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in a Forensic Service. 在法医服务中促进公平、多样性和包容性的综合框架》（A Comprehensive Framework to Advance Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in a Forensic Service）。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230027-23
Sumeeta Chatterjee, Alexander I F Simpson, Treena Wilkie
{"title":"A Comprehensive Framework to Advance Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in a Forensic Service.","authors":"Sumeeta Chatterjee, Alexander I F Simpson, Treena Wilkie","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230027-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230027-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Minority and Indigenous populations have disproportionate representation within forensic mental health services. Social determinants of health and systemic discrimination have contributed to the difficulties these populations have in accessing care, as well as significant differences in care trajectories. In addition, staffing and structural equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) challenges permeate forensic systems as in other health care settings. There is little literature to guide forensic mental health services in how best to provide equitable, diverse, and inclusive practices for patients, families, and staff. The forensic service at a major urban center in the Canadian province of Ontario has adapted an EDI framework to describe the processes employed to organize and integrate EDI principles and initiatives within a culture of learning and continuous improvement. This Forensic EDI Framework is composed of six domains: Organizational Commitment, Staff/Workforce Competencies, Service Access and Delivery, Promoting Responsiveness, Community Outreach, and Data Collection. Initiatives within each of these domains form the foundation of a sustainable platform for forensic service EDI practices that will promote lasting change.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"486-493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10579818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Honoring DEI Requires a New Ethic and a New Science. 尊重 DEI 需要新的伦理和新的科学。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230090-23
Philip J Candilis
{"title":"Honoring DEI Requires a New Ethic and a New Science.","authors":"Philip J Candilis","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230090-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230090-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic change requires complex conceptual and practical efforts from organizations and individuals alike. In forensic psychiatry, improving the experiences of marginalized groups respects the personhood and dignity of those who have been neglected over time and promises improvements in outcomes that have been affected by the unevenness of history. Specific plans for education, monitoring, and improvement consequently call for related frameworks in professional ethics and research to lead and accompany them. The professional ethics of forensic practice, for example, can now consider years of writing that advance traditional precepts toward dignity, social purpose, truth, and human rights. Research design can improve the representativeness of samples, the methods that assess inequity, and the survey construction that populates both quality improvement and academic research. Responding to the growing understanding of forensic inequity will require both a new ethic and a new science.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"494-499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Restraint and Seclusion Practices and Policies in U.S. Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals. 美国法医精神病院的约束和隔离做法与政策》（Restraint and Seclusion Practices and Policies in U.S. Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals）。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230099-23
Tobias Wasser, Bentley Strockbine, Yvonne Uyanwune, Reena Kapoor
{"title":"Restraint and Seclusion Practices and Policies in U.S. Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals.","authors":"Tobias Wasser, Bentley Strockbine, Yvonne Uyanwune, Reena Kapoor","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230099-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230099-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last 30 years, there have been significant efforts to reduce the use of restraint and seclusion in psychiatric hospitals. Although authors have previously described restraint policies and practices in general psychiatry settings across the United States, this study is the first to attempt to describe policies regarding those practices in forensic hospital settings. We review the history of restraint and seclusion use in the United States, placing it within an international context. We then describe the results of a national survey of state forensic services directors regarding restraint modalities and policies in forensic hospital facilities. Twenty-nine respondents representing 25 states completed the survey. The results indicate that physical holds are the most frequently available method of restraint and that restraint chairs are the least frequently available. Most respondents reported having a policy regulating the use of restraint in their facilities, most commonly at the institutional level.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"566-574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forensic Mental Health Evaluators' Unprocessed Emotions as an Often-Overlooked Form of Bias. 法医心理健康评估者未经处理的情绪是一种经常被忽视的偏见形式。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230077-23
Julie Goldenson, Thomas Gutheil
{"title":"Forensic Mental Health Evaluators' Unprocessed Emotions as an Often-Overlooked Form of Bias.","authors":"Julie Goldenson, Thomas Gutheil","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230077-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230077-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been robust interest in the influence of cognitive and implicit biases that can hamper a forensic mental health evaluator's ability to provide objective opinion evidence. By contrast, literature exploring the biasing effects of the examiner's unacknowledged and unprocessed emotions has been scanty. Borrowing from concepts originating from psychodynamic treatment literature, this article explores how a forensic mental health evaluator's emotional and transferential reactions can affect the assessment process and formulation of findings. We make the case that forensic mental health evaluators are not impervious to their own mental health concerns, including vicarious trauma. We ultimately argue for a cultural shift in forensic practice that acknowledges the unavoidable existence and influence of a forensic evaluator's human emotions, personal reactions, and conflicts, so that strategies can be developed for compassionate but careful management in training programs, supervision, and beyond. We suggest that self-reflection, sometimes with the aid of consultation and psychotherapeutic support, is not only important for clinical trainees but also could serve forensic practitioners throughout their careers, especially during challenging junctures in their personal and professional lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"551-557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41153186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Statutory Codification of Decisional Capacity Standards. 决策能力标准的法定编纂。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230043-23
Jacob M Appel
{"title":"The Statutory Codification of Decisional Capacity Standards.","authors":"Jacob M Appel","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230043-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230043-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adoption of the widely used four specific skills model of decisional capacity assessment, first proposed by Appelbaum and Grisso in 1988, has become widely accepted in clinical practice. Many jurisdictions have, through legislative action, incorporated one or more of these skills into state law as part of the legal definition of decisional capacity. These statutes pose a challenge for physicians hoping to revise these criteria, as some commentators have recently proposed. This article categorizes and analyzes existing state statutes that define decisional capacity or designate certain classes of individuals to render such assessments. Many of these statutes incorporate aspects of the four skills model into state law, such that legislative action would be required to affect significant changes in methods of capacity assessment. As a result, physicians in many jurisdictions are unable to modify these criteria on their own. Any effort to alter capacity assessment standards will have to take into account the potential challenges to enacting statutory change at the outset of such efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"506-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collateral Consequences for Third-Party Interviewees in Forensic Contexts. 法证环境下第三方受访者的附带后果。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230059-23
Julie Goldenson, Stanley L Brodsky, Kirk Heilbrun
{"title":"Collateral Consequences for Third-Party Interviewees in Forensic Contexts.","authors":"Julie Goldenson, Stanley L Brodsky, Kirk Heilbrun","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230059-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230059-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collateral interviews can be an integral source of third-party information used in a range of forensic mental health assessments. Although family members and spouses often have the most knowledge about the evaluee, research suggests that they may also experience distress related to the legal proceedings. This article discusses the nature and purpose of collateral interviewing with close collateral contacts, comparing collateral interviews with direct interviews with evaluees. The secondary consequences of having a justice-involved family member are considered, including the possibility of vicarious trauma. Finally, the responsibilities of evaluators are considered, especially in the context of trauma-informed principles applied to collateral interviewing. Recommendations regarding consent, the use of empathy, and feedback to collateral are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"520-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10261695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights on Female Sex Offenders from the Missouri Registry. 从密苏里州登记处了解女性性犯罪者。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230057-23
Elias Ghossoub, Nadia El Harake
{"title":"Insights on Female Sex Offenders from the Missouri Registry.","authors":"Elias Ghossoub, Nadia El Harake","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230057-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230057-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is limited research on female sex offenders and their offending characteristics. The sociocultural description of women as being nurturing, nonaggressive and, more significantly, nonsexual has diverted the attention from female sexual offending. Although reports have shown that female sex offenders make up two percent of the whole sex offender population, the true rate is remarkably higher because the caretaking behavior of women masks their sexual offenses. The purpose of our study is to explore the characteristics of female sex offenders. We analyzed the publicly available Missouri sex offender registry database and selected all female sex offenders (<i>n</i> = 532) of any age who committed their crimes in Missouri and were convicted in Missouri. We found that the 532 female offenders had a mean age of 29.8 years at the time of their first offense and were convicted for a total of 992 offenses. The calculated recidivism rate was close to 0.6 percent. Moreover, 89.5 percent of offenders had strictly contact offenses, whereas five percent had strictly pornography offenses. Implications for risk assessment are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"500-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10579812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum. 更正。
IF 2.7 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230105-23
{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230105-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.230105-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Letters. 来信
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230092-23
Kristen C Ochoa
{"title":"Letters.","authors":"Kristen C Ochoa","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230092-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230092-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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