Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law最新文献_第10页

When a Patient Is at Foreseeable Risk of Losing Decisional and Functional Capacity. 当病人有丧失决策能力和功能能力的可预见风险时。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240070-24

Matthew Robert Dernbach, Peter Ash, Esther Oyerinde, Mark A Oldham

{"title":"When a Patient Is at Foreseeable Risk of Losing Decisional and Functional Capacity.","authors":"Matthew Robert Dernbach, Peter Ash, Esther Oyerinde, Mark A Oldham","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.240070-24","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.240070-24","url":null,"abstract":"The four-skills model of decisional capacity for providing informed consent for medical treatment developed by Appelbaum and Grisso is codified into most state statutes in articulating the legal criteria for establishing capacity. Decisional capacity is traditionally determined at a point in time based on a narrow clinical question; however, there are clinical scenarios in which patients may currently have decisional capacity but their recurrent nonadherence to care places them at foreseeable risk of being acutely incapacitated, both decisionally and functionally, in the near future. There is a gap in terms of how these four skills ought to be adapted when applied to a patient with recurrent altered mental status, especially delirium, because of nonadherence. To describe this clinical situation, we introduce a new risk factor, \"foreseeable risk of losing decisional and functional capacity,\" and discuss the clinical evaluation of a patient who currently has capacity but for whom this risk factor applies. We consider the implications of being at foreseeable risk of losing capacity and how foreseeable risk can be translated into a capacity determination in the present. We also describe interventions that can serve to protect the patient's rights and safety.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"414-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental Health and Social Correlates of Reincarceration of Youths as Adults. 青少年成年后再监禁的心理健康和社会相关因素。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240039-24

Alec Buchanan, Bin Zhou, Taeho Greg Rhee, Elina A Stefanovics, Robert Rosenheck

{"title":"Mental Health and Social Correlates of Reincarceration of Youths as Adults.","authors":"Alec Buchanan, Bin Zhou, Taeho Greg Rhee, Elina A Stefanovics, Robert Rosenheck","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.240039-24","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.240039-24","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in the U.S. prison population over the past 40 years has heightened scrutiny of the incarceration of children and adolescents. Correlates of later reincarceration in this group, especially correlates relating to psychiatric and substance use disorders, are understudied in the U.S. population. We aimed to establish the prevalence and correlates of the reincarceration as adults of people incarcerated before age 18. Data were derived from clinical interviews and from validated diagnostic and psychometric instruments. They were obtained as part of a cross-sectional representative survey of the civilian U.S. population, the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III). We identified 1,543 adults (4.3% of the NESARC sample) who had been incarcerated before they were 18. Of these, 55.9 percent had subsequently been incarcerated as adults. In addition to variables that have been repeatedly identified in criminological research (less education, past antisocial behavior, and parental imprisonment), substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, and longer childhood incarceration were independently associated with incarceration as an adult. The possibility that psychiatric treatment could reduce reincarceration in this group warrants longitudinal and experimental research.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"294-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental Health Aftercare Availability for Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth in New York City. 纽约市触犯法律的青少年的心理健康善后服务。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240040-24

Tiffany Martin, Nicolette Karim, Eric Whitney, Tomika Carter, Radhika Mattoo, Sarah Horwitz

{"title":"Mental Health Aftercare Availability for Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth in New York City.","authors":"Tiffany Martin, Nicolette Karim, Eric Whitney, Tomika Carter, Radhika Mattoo, Sarah Horwitz","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.240040-24","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.240040-24","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of our study was to describe the availability of community child and adolescent mental health services, trauma-informed care, and the geographic accessibility of these services for juvenile justice-involved (JJ) youth who received mental health services while in secure detention. Data collection occurred through direct contact with the child and adolescent outpatient clinics listed on the New York State Office of Mental Health website. Zip codes were collected from the juvenile secure detention census. Of the clinics contacted, 88.5 percent accepted JJ youth; however, 43.5 percent accepted them on a conditional basis. Only 62.1 percent offered trauma-informed care, including evidence-based interventions and unspecified care. Although 84.5 percent of the clinics that would accept this population reported currently accepting new patients, reported wait times were as high as six or more months. When JJ residents' home zip codes and those of the clinics were geographically mapped, there were few clinics in the zip codes where most residents lived. The clinics that accepted youth on a conditional basis often refused high-risk patients, essentially ruling out a large majority of this population. The geographical inaccessibility of these clinics limits their ability to provide care for this vulnerable population.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"286-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suicide Prevention Effects of Extreme Risk Protection Order Laws in Four States. 四个州的极端风险保护令法律对预防自杀的影响。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240056-24

Jeffrey W Swanson, April M Zeoli, Shannon Frattaroli, Marian Betz, Michele Easter, Reena Kapoor, Christopher Knoepke, Michael Norko, Veronica A Pear, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Julia P Schleimer, Garen J Wintemute

{"title":"Suicide Prevention Effects of Extreme Risk Protection Order Laws in Four States.","authors":"Jeffrey W Swanson, April M Zeoli, Shannon Frattaroli, Marian Betz, Michele Easter, Reena Kapoor, Christopher Knoepke, Michael Norko, Veronica A Pear, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Julia P Schleimer, Garen J Wintemute","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.240056-24","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.240056-24","url":null,"abstract":"More than half of suicide deaths in the United States result from self-inflicted firearm injuries. Extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws in 21 states and the District of Columbia temporarily limit access to firearms for individuals found in a civil court process to pose an imminent risk of harm to themselves or others. Research with large multistate study populations has been lacking to determine effectiveness of these laws. This study assembled records pertaining to 4,583 ERPO respondents in California, Connecticut, Maryland, and Washington. Matched records identified suicide decedents and self-injury method. Researchers applied case fatality rates for each suicide method to estimate nonfatal suicide attempts corresponding to observed deaths. Comparison of counterfactual to observed data patterns yielded estimates of the number of lives saved and number of ERPOs needed to avert one suicide. Estimates varied depending on the assumed probability that a gun owner who attempts suicide will use a gun. Two evidence-based approaches yielded estimates of 17 and 23 ERPOs needed to prevent one suicide. For the subset of 2,850 ERPO respondents with documented suicide concern, comparable estimates were 13 and 18, respectively. This study's findings add to growing evidence that ERPOs can be an effective and important suicide prevention tool.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intrusive Gendered Acts in the Courtroom. 法庭上的侵犯性性别行为。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240041-24

Jackie Grimmett

引用次数: 0

Legal and Ethics Considerations in Capacity Evaluation for Medical Aid in Dying. 临终医疗救助能力评估中的法律和伦理考虑因素。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240038-24

Jacob M Appel

引用次数: 0

Insights from California on Involuntary Commitment for Substance Use. 加利福尼亚州对药物使用非自愿入院的启示。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240054-24

Stephen L Weiner, Berneen Bal, Matthew E Hirschtritt, Alex Barnard

引用次数: 0

Legal Implications of Psychiatric Assessment for Medical Aid in Dying. 临终医疗救助的精神病学评估的法律意义。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240042-24

Hira Hanif, Dale E McNiel, Lois Weithorn, Renée L Binder

引用次数: 0

Formulating Performance Crimes. 制定绩效犯罪。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240052-24

Ryan C W Hall, Terry Day

引用次数: 0

Attitudes of Forensic Fellowship Psychiatry Directors towards an Applicant Match. 法医研究员精神病学主任对申请人匹配的态度。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240053-24

Dhruv R Gupta, Philip J Candilis, Octavio Choi, Margarita Abi Zeid Daou, Reena Kapoor, Sean D Cleary, Renée Binder, Peter Ash

{"title":"Attitudes of Forensic Fellowship Psychiatry Directors towards an Applicant Match.","authors":"Dhruv R Gupta, Philip J Candilis, Octavio Choi, Margarita Abi Zeid Daou, Reena Kapoor, Sean D Cleary, Renée Binder, Peter Ash","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.240053-24","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.240053-24","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic psychiatry fellowship programs recruit applicants through a nonstandardized process that differs by program. Although there are deadlines, informal guidance, and more recent communication guidelines, perceived differences in recruitment practices persist between geographic regions, small and large programs, and newer and more well-established programs. In the wake of a survey of fellowship applicants that found mixed opinions surrounding the application process, U.S. forensic fellowship directors undertook a mixed method quantitative-qualitative survey of their colleagues to assess interest in a match as a potential improvement and factors influencing that interest (e.g., program size, age, and unfilled positions). With responses from all 46 active U.S. programs, results indicated broad support for principles of fairness, transparency, and minimizing pressure on applicants, with an almost perfectly divided interest in a match. Respondents supported the use of a centralized database to standardize the application process and favored certain exceptions for internal applicants. Hypotheses about the reasons underlying program directors' attitudes toward a match did not yield significant results, with only the size of a program approaching significance. This novel comprehensive survey of forensic fellowship directors offers a model for assessing and monitoring the evolution of application processes for medical subspecialties interested in expanding and improving their recruitment.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"304-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0