Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law最新文献

AI-Assisted Deception and the Emerging Challenge of LLMs in Forensic Psychiatry. 人工智能辅助欺骗和法医精神病学法学硕士的新挑战。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250022-25

Jason G Roof

引用次数: 0

Determining the Goals Toward Which Forensic Mental Health Practice Should Aspire. 确定法医心理健康实践应该追求的目标。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250016-25

Jacob M Appel

引用次数: 0

A Forensic Science-Based Model for Identifying and Mitigating Forensic Mental Health Expert Biases. 鉴定和减轻法医心理健康专家偏见的法医学模型。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250019-25

Melinda DiCiro, Shoba Sreenivasan

{"title":"A Forensic Science-Based Model for Identifying and Mitigating Forensic Mental Health Expert Biases.","authors":"Melinda DiCiro, Shoba Sreenivasan","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250019-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.250019-25","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, cognitive neuroscientist Itiel Dror developed a cognitive framework to address biases influenced by cognitive processes and external pressures in decisions made by forensic experts. Dror's model highlights how ostensibly objective data, such as toxicology or fingerprints, can be affected by bias driven by contextual, motivational, and organizational factors. Forensic mental health evaluations, often more subjective than physical forensic evidence analysis, are particularly vulnerable to these cognitive biases. Dror identified six expert fallacies, such as the belief that bias only affects unethical or incompetent practitioners, and proposed a pyramidal model showing how biases infiltrate expert decisions. This article adapts Dror's model to forensic mental health, exploring how biases influence data collection and interpretation and proposing mitigation strategies like Linear Sequential Unmasking-Expanded (LSU-E). We emphasize that mitigating cognitive biases requires structured, external strategies, as self-awareness alone is insufficient. By applying Dror's concepts and framework, we offer a practical approach to reduce biases and improve the fairness and accuracy of forensic mental health assessments.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward Aspirational Forensic Mental Health Practice. 迈向有抱负的法医心理健康实践。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240123-24

Julie Goldenson, Stanley L Brodsky, Terry Kukor

引用次数: 0

Challenges and Opportunities for Forensic Mental Health in Immigration Courts. 移民法庭法医心理健康的挑战与机遇。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240084-24

Richard Rogers, Kamar Y Tazi

引用次数: 0

Our Thanks to Reviewers. 我们感谢审稿人。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250007-25

Michael A Norko, Susan Hatters Friedman, Jacquelyn T Coleman

引用次数: 0

Benefits of Correctional Psychiatry Teaching and Clinical Exposure for Third-Year Medical Students. 矫正精神病学教学与医三学生临床接触的益处。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240116-24

Ibrahim Yahia Z Mohammad, Neil de Laplante, Stephen Floyd Wood

{"title":"Benefits of Correctional Psychiatry Teaching and Clinical Exposure for Third-Year Medical Students.","authors":"Ibrahim Yahia Z Mohammad, Neil de Laplante, Stephen Floyd Wood","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.240116-24","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.240116-24","url":null,"abstract":"Medical students have limited exposure to correctional health, and their attitudes toward inmates are understudied. We investigated medical students' attitudes toward inmates, assessing whether an intervention can improve their understanding of the correctional system and help them develop more positive attitudes toward inmates. One hundred thirty third-year medical students at the University of Ottawa attended a one-hour lecture on correctional health and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and subsequently observed a three-hour correctional telepsychiatry clinic during their clerkship psychiatry rotation. Students completed a preintervention and postintervention questionnaire that included a modified 20-item Attitudes Toward Prisoners (ATP) scale (quantitative) and feedback questions (qualitative). Of 130 students who completed the preintervention questionnaire, 106 completed the postintervention questionnaire (81.5%). Students' mean total modified ATP scores increased significantly after our intervention, from 72.8 to 78.4 (p < 001). Fourteen of 20 ATP items increased significantly, reflecting greater understanding of the correctional system and more positive attitudes toward inmates. Thematic analysis of qualitative feedback revealed students gained a better understanding of the correctional system and increased comfort treating inmates. Scarce criticism included minimal interactivity and a desire for more sessions. Although students perceived benefits, further research is required to determine its educational significance.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applying AAPL Ethics and Mission in Forensic Treatment. 法医学伦理与使命的应用

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250001-25

Charles C Dike

{"title":"Applying AAPL Ethics and Mission in Forensic Treatment.","authors":"Charles C Dike","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250001-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250001-25","url":null,"abstract":"The increased visibility of the patients' rights movement in medicine in recent years has left the erroneous impression that patients and their physicians are on equal footing in the physician-patient relationship. The reality is that vulnerability of patients in this relationship leaves them at the mercy of health care professionals. This is most acute in psychiatry, where patients reveal aspects of their inner being to their psychiatrist, including strange beliefs they would never disclose to their closest friends and family members, whereas psychiatrists, in contrast, reveal close to nothing of themselves to patients. Additionally, distortions of reality can strip patients of social mores and basic humanity and sometimes cause them to commit crimes. American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL) scholars have espoused the values of treating evaluees professionally and with compassion and respect while upholding their dignity and humanity. These worthy forensic psychiatric writings, however, have unfortunately not always transitioned into the clinical treatment of forensic patients. Reports of patient abuse by staff in psychiatric hospitals, including forensic psychiatric hospitals, remain rampant. Using real-life examples, I apply forensic psychiatric ethics to patient care and offer suggestions of practices and policies that would enhance treatment of patients and decrease the potential for patient abuse in psychiatric hospitals.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hunger Strikes After Restricted Housing Reform. 限制住房改革后的绝食抗议。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240088-24

Anthony Tamburello, Kerri Edelman, Rusty Reeves

{"title":"Hunger Strikes After Restricted Housing Reform.","authors":"Anthony Tamburello, Kerri Edelman, Rusty Reeves","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.240088-24","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.240088-24","url":null,"abstract":"Hunger strikes are a common occurrence in carceral settings accompanied by serious health risks and intensive health care utilization. A 2017 study on hunger strikes within the New Jersey Department of Corrections found these events most often occurred in a disciplinary setting. We undertook this study after a new state law, the Isolated Confinement Restriction Act (ICRA), improved conditions of confinement in part by reducing the utilization, nature, and duration of disciplinary housing. We hypothesized that ICRA would reduce the frequency of hunger strikes. Although the frequency of strikes was unchanged, the mean hunger strike duration declined from 28.9 days to 9.7 days (p = .034). The typical strike was modestly briefer, with the median duration before ICRA being four days and after being three days. The rate of hunger strikes greater than three days declined (from 60.3% to 45.2%; p = .049). There was no difference in the rate of hunger striking in disciplinary housing before or after ICRA. Although hunger strikes remain a frequently used method of protest for incarcerated persons, reform to the conditions of confinement was associated with reducing the health-related dangers and associated health care costs of these phenomena and arguably was a factor in this reduction.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bias in Peer Review of Forensic Psychiatry Publications. 司法精神病学出版物同行评议中的偏见。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.240090-24

Alan R Felthous, Robert M Wettstein, Jose Nassif

引用次数: 0