Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law最新文献

A Framework for Mandated Reporting for Substance-Related Parental Abuse and Neglect. 与药物有关的父母虐待和忽视的强制报告框架。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250059-25

Matthew Robert Dernbach, Jacob M Appel

{"title":"A Framework for Mandated Reporting for Substance-Related Parental Abuse and Neglect.","authors":"Matthew Robert Dernbach, Jacob M Appel","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250059-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.250059-25","url":null,"abstract":"Clinicians face the prospect of mandated reporting when a patient reports, either during the intake appointment or during the course of addiction treatment, their risky substance use-related behavior around a child. Beyond legal considerations, many factors might influence a clinician's decision whether or not to report the case to child protective services (CPS). Although there is literature regarding mandated reporting in the setting of pre- or perinatal substance use, there is limited literature regarding the mandated reporting obligation in the setting of postnatal substance use around children. We survey the relevant statutes and regulations in the 51 jurisdictions of the United States regarding postnatal mandated reporting for substance-related parental abuse and neglect. Drawing from these results, we identify areas of legal obligation, areas open to interpretation, and areas that remain unaddressed. We further propose a clinical framework for determining whether to make a CPS report in the course of addiction treatment. In the current state of significant variability in mandated reporting regulation, clinicians must consider the safety of the child, the well-being of the family, stigma toward individuals with substance use disorder, maintenance of the conditions necessary for the patient to engage with addiction treatment, and what the law requires.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Tao of Forensic Psychiatry. 法医精神病学之道。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250047-25

Logan Graddy

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Preference for Incarceration Among Some Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients in Ontario. 了解安大略省一些法医精神科住院病人对监禁的偏好。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250045-25

Alexandra Campbell, Jamie Robertson

{"title":"Understanding the Preference for Incarceration Among Some Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients in Ontario.","authors":"Alexandra Campbell, Jamie Robertson","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250045-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250045-25","url":null,"abstract":"Some international jurisdictions route individuals for whom criminal responsibility is foreclosed because of mental disorder from the penal system into a forensic psychiatry regime. Such rerouting might be presumed preferable for such individuals, because it is intended to offer a humane alternative to incarceration and is often viewed by the public as an avenue for accused individuals to avoid accountability. Our clinical experience corroborates European findings that at least some individuals who have been placed into forensic psychiatric care would have preferred to remain in the penal system. We report on our preliminary qualitative investigation into the reasons why some forensic psychiatric inpatients in the Canadian province of Ontario would prefer to be incarcerated. Using a grounded theory methodology, we identify six thematic categories of reasons for this preference. Drawing on these themes, we propose that participants perceive inpatient forensic psychiatric detention as posing a greater threat to personal identity than incarceration as well as feel despair associated with the perceived futility of resisting identity-shaping pressures in this environment. Participants' concerns re-emphasize the clinical challenge, but also the importance, of providers' supporting patients to associate hope rather than harm with the aim of personal transformation through inpatient forensic psychiatric care.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"251-263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cold Cases of Neonaticide, Genetic Genealogy, and Forensic Psychiatry. 新生儿杀婴案，遗传谱系和法医精神病学。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250036-25

Susan Hatters Friedman, Elise Friedman

引用次数: 0

Toward Equity in Prescribing Buprenorphine in the New Jersey Department of Corrections. 新泽西州惩教署丁丙诺啡处方的公平性研究。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250046-25

Anthony Tamburello, Ifeoma Anwunah-Okoye, Rusty Reeves, Patti Gerardo Arroyo

{"title":"Toward Equity in Prescribing Buprenorphine in the New Jersey Department of Corrections.","authors":"Anthony Tamburello, Ifeoma Anwunah-Okoye, Rusty Reeves, Patti Gerardo Arroyo","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250046-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250046-25","url":null,"abstract":"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including buprenorphine, are effective for the treatment of incarcerated persons (IPs) with opioid use disorder (OUD). Racial disparities in such prescribing have been researched in both community and correctional settings. We describe a performance improvement (PI) project to reduce the disparities in prescribing buprenorphine in the New Jersey Department of Corrections that involved public-facing educational efforts directed toward both prescribers and potential patients. Using reports designed to collect baseline and follow-up summary data from the electronic medical record and institutional database, we showed that, from 2021 to 2024, for the entire NJDOC census, the rate of prescribing for Black IPs increased from 3.9 to 6.3 percent (p < .00001) and for Hispanic IPs from 6.6 to 9.6 percent (p = .0009), whereas prescribing for White IPs was unchanged (19.0-18.0%, p = .362). When considering interest in buprenorphine by persons with OUD (either expressing interest or receiving a prescription for it), we noted increases in Black (41.1-56.5%, p < .0001) and Hispanic (54.9-69.7%, p = 0) IPs, but not White (71.6-73.4%, p = .360) IPs. Compared with a study on MOUD prescribing in this setting in 2019, the proportion of IPs prescribed buprenorphine identifying as Black increased (17.0-41.1%, p < .00001). These results support educational efforts for improving access to treatment with MOUD in carceral settings.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"264-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Firearm Disqualification and Rights Restoration Among Adults with Mental Illness in Virginia. 弗吉尼亚州成年精神疾病患者的持枪资格取消和权利恢复。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250048-25

Jeffrey Swanson, Michele Easter, Madeline Stenger, James Goodrich, Brett Gardner, Heather Zelle, Richard Bonnie

{"title":"Firearm Disqualification and Rights Restoration Among Adults with Mental Illness in Virginia.","authors":"Jeffrey Swanson, Michele Easter, Madeline Stenger, James Goodrich, Brett Gardner, Heather Zelle, Richard Bonnie","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250048-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250048-25","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated legal prohibitions on firearm possession in a population of 128,090 adults in Virginia with a serious mental illness and record of at least one psychiatric hospitalization between 1998 and 2015. Approximately half the study population acquired a gun-disqualifying record of a mental health adjudication or felony criminal conviction. Among persons with a mental health disqualification, the annualized arrest rate for gun-involved violent crime subsequently declined by 35.9 percent during the prohibition period; no such decline was seen in the arrest rate for crimes not involving guns. The likelihood of arrest for a gun-involved violent crime was further reduced among people whose disqualifying record was reported to the background check database (odds ratio (OR) = .7; 95% confidence interval (CI) .6 - .8; p ≤ .0010). In a subgroup analysis of individuals (n = 261) who lost and regained firearm eligibility, 14.6 percent had a subsequent arrest for a violent crime, 1.5 percent for a gun-involved crime. Regarding suicide, 1.5 percent of the restored group died of intentional self-inflicted injuries, half of those involving a firearm. The study provides evidence that firearm prohibitions were partially effective, especially when disqualifying records were reported to the background check database. Study findings give cause for modest concern for the safety consequences of gun rights restoration as practiced in one state.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"273-286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Scoping Literature Review of Mental Illness in Decisions Regarding Pretrial Release. 关于审前释放决定中精神疾病的文献综述。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250034-25

Emily Nash, Sela Dragich, Leah Pope, Elizabeth Ford, Paul Appelbaum

{"title":"A Scoping Literature Review of Mental Illness in Decisions Regarding Pretrial Release.","authors":"Emily Nash, Sela Dragich, Leah Pope, Elizabeth Ford, Paul Appelbaum","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250034-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250034-25","url":null,"abstract":"Judges generally make pretrial release decisions based on the risk that a defendant will miss court appearances or pose a danger to the community; for criminal cases initiated in state courts, this decision-making is guided by state bail statutes, with judicial discretion within statutory limits. Individuals with mental illnesses may be disproportionately exposed to pretrial detention, exposing them to the psychiatric, medical, and legal consequences of incarceration. The purpose of this literature review was to find out if and how mental illness is related to missed court appearances or rearrest while individuals are awaiting trial. This review identified a limited number of empirical studies examining the association between mental illness and these outcomes. The results of the studies were variable. Although some studies found that mental illness variables predicted failure to appear, the relationship was more prominent for women than men. Substance use and criminal history appear to be more consistent predictors than mental illness. The data on the relationship between mental illness-related variables and rearrest are also mixed. Further research is needed to understand if or how mental illness affects decisions on pretrial detention.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"239-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic Assessments of Hindus with Workplace Discrimination Claims. 对工作场所歧视索赔的印度教徒的法医评估。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250035-25

Neil Krishan Aggarwal

引用次数: 0

Forensic Assessment of Transgender Persons. 变性人的法医鉴定。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250049-25

Ariana Nesbit Huselid, Juliette Dupré, Noorin Damji, Renée Sorrentino

引用次数: 0

Determining the Goals Toward Which Forensic Mental Health Practice Should Aspire. 确定法医心理健康实践应该追求的目标。