Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law最新文献_第4页

The Supreme Court of Canada Clarifies the Interpretation of the Insanity Defense in R v. Bharwani. 加拿大最高法院澄清R诉巴尔瓦尼案中精神错乱辩护的解释。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.2600015-26

Dennis Curry, Jason Quinn

引用次数: 0

Forensic Violations and Therapeutic Shortcomings in the Use of AI Chatbots for Therapy. 使用人工智能聊天机器人进行治疗的法医违规和治疗缺陷。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250073-25

Davis McCoy Chambers

引用次数: 0

A Systematic Review of the Predictive Validity of the VRAG-R. vag - r预测效度的系统评价。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.260001-26

Vivian Au, Aariz Naeem, Paul Benassi, Sarah Bonato, Roland M Jones

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Predictive Validity of the VRAG-R.","authors":"Vivian Au, Aariz Naeem, Paul Benassi, Sarah Bonato, Roland M Jones","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.260001-26","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.260001-26","url":null,"abstract":"Structured risk assessment tools are essential in forensic psychiatry to evaluate the likelihood of recidivism. The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised (VRAG-R) was developed as an update to the VRAG, but its predictive validity across offender populations remains underexamined. Our study aimed to examine the predictive validity of the VRAG-R for general, violent (including and excluding sexual offenses), and sexual recidivism. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching 10 databases and gray literature sources for studies reporting psychometric outcomes for the VRAG-R published since 2013. Risk of bias was assessed using Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment (PROBAST) and data extraction followed the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies (CHARMS) checklist. Area under the curve (AUC) values were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. In total, 15 studies comprising 3,932 participants were included. The VRAG-R showed acceptable predictive validity for general recidivism (pooled AUC = .71, 95% CI: .67 to .75) and violent recidivism (AUC = .72, 95% CI: .69 to .75). Predictive validity for sexual recidivism was modest (AUC = .65, 95% CI: .61 to .68). In conclusion, the VRAG-R demonstrates acceptable predictive validity for general and violent recidivism, comparable with other tools. Its performance in predicting sexual recidivism, however, is limited and concerns about generalizability remain. Future research should prioritize diverse samples, reporting of calibration, and continued evaluation of performance.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Call to Evaluate Our Forensic Treatments. 呼吁评估我们的法医治疗。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250091-25

Katherine Michaelsen, Tobias Wasser

引用次数: 0

Recent Political and Research Appraisals of the Psychiatric Security Review Board Model. 最近精神病学安全审查委员会模式的政治和研究评价。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.260006-26

Katherine Michaelsen, Chandrika Shankar, Michael A Norko

引用次数: 0

How Mental Illness Influences Pretrial Release Decisions for People Charged with Misdemeanors. 精神疾病如何影响轻罪指控者的审前释放决定。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250074-25

Gary M Graca, Maxmoore T Potkin, Sela E Dragich, Debra A Pinals, Leah G Pope, Elizabeth B Ford

{"title":"How Mental Illness Influences Pretrial Release Decisions for People Charged with Misdemeanors.","authors":"Gary M Graca, Maxmoore T Potkin, Sela E Dragich, Debra A Pinals, Leah G Pope, Elizabeth B Ford","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250074-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250074-25","url":null,"abstract":"Many jurisdictions are focused on pretrial reform aimed at reducing pretrial detention for nonviolent misdemeanors. How this reform affects people with mental illness, who have historically experienced lengthier and higher rates of pretrial detention, remains unknown. This qualitative study explores state laws and practices related to pretrial detention of people with mental illness across the United States, with a focus on perceptions about if and how, mental illness influences likelihood of appearance in court, dangerousness, and likelihood of jail detention. Statutes of all 50 states and the District of Columbia related to pretrial detention were reviewed, followed by semistructured interviews with 25 state forensic mental health directors and 15 judges who preside over first appearances or arraignments. The results highlight how state laws afford wide discretion to judges to determine the impact of mental illness on pretrial release. Judges and forensic mental health directors perceive this discretion as leading to a higher likelihood of detaining people with mental illness charged with misdemeanors, often for perceived concerns related to likelihood of appearance, unmet social service needs, and public perceptions of dangerousness. These findings have important implications for ongoing pretrial reform, improvement in community supports, and diversionary behavioral health services.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145597970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter. 信。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250075-25

Jack C Lennon

引用次数: 0

A Framework for Developing Mental Health Educational Interventions for Correctional Officers. 惩教人员心理健康教育干预框架。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250078-25

Jason Quinn, Kiran Patel, Shaheen A Darani

{"title":"A Framework for Developing Mental Health Educational Interventions for Correctional Officers.","authors":"Jason Quinn, Kiran Patel, Shaheen A Darani","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250078-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250078-25","url":null,"abstract":"The overrepresentation of persons with mental illness in carceral settings has led to justifiable concerns about their wellbeing and the appropriateness of their care. Correctional officers may be the first point of recognition and management for incarcerated persons experiencing mental illness. Correctional officers thus unknowingly participate in mental health care without a formally recognized mental health care role or knowledge of mental health educational best practice standards. This article reviews the small literature linking specific factors in mental health educational interventions for correctional officers to improvement in knowledge, skills, attitudes, and potentially to incarcerated persons' mental health outcomes. Synthesizing that literature with the authors' experience in creating a mental health educational program for correctional officers at a large provincial detention center in Ontario, Canada, we propose a five-principle framework to guide such programs. We propose such programs be intentionally designed and evaluated with educational and quality improvement best practices in mind, an inclusive attitude toward participants and the intersectional factors in mental health in carceral settings, the use of interactive teaching methods, consideration of instructor relatability, and integration of educational programs into broader philosophical changes in carceral institutions.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"429-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Framework for Mandated Reporting for Substance-Related Parental Abuse and Neglect. 与药物有关的父母虐待和忽视的强制报告框架。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250059-25

Matthew Robert Dernbach, Jacob M Appel

{"title":"A Framework for Mandated Reporting for Substance-Related Parental Abuse and Neglect.","authors":"Matthew Robert Dernbach, Jacob M Appel","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250059-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250059-25","url":null,"abstract":"Clinicians face the prospect of mandated reporting when a patient reports, either during the intake appointment or during the course of addiction treatment, their risky substance use-related behavior around a child. Beyond legal considerations, many factors might influence a clinician's decision whether or not to report the case to child protective services (CPS). Although there is literature regarding mandated reporting in the setting of pre- or perinatal substance use, there is limited literature regarding the mandated reporting obligation in the setting of postnatal substance use around children. We survey the relevant statutes and regulations in the 51 jurisdictions of the United States regarding postnatal mandated reporting for substance-related parental abuse and neglect. Drawing from these results, we identify areas of legal obligation, areas open to interpretation, and areas that remain unaddressed. We further propose a clinical framework for determining whether to make a CPS report in the course of addiction treatment. In the current state of significant variability in mandated reporting regulation, clinicians must consider the safety of the child, the well-being of the family, stigma toward individuals with substance use disorder, maintenance of the conditions necessary for the patient to engage with addiction treatment, and what the law requires.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"377-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Community-Based Supportive Services in Remediating Juvenile Adjudicative Competence. 社区支持服务在矫正青少年裁判能力中的作用。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.250060-25

Christina L Riggs Romaine, Shannon Williamson-Butler, Ahmar Zaman, Kathleen Kemp

{"title":"The Role of Community-Based Supportive Services in Remediating Juvenile Adjudicative Competence.","authors":"Christina L Riggs Romaine, Shannon Williamson-Butler, Ahmar Zaman, Kathleen Kemp","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.250060-25","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.250060-25","url":null,"abstract":"This mixed methods study examined initial and reevaluation reports of youth opined incompetent to proceed to investigate the impact of community interventions on changes in functional abilities. Using a structured quantitative chart review and an inductive and deductive qualitative coding scheme, we coded court-ordered, juvenile competence reports for 73 youth (85% male; ages 9-19, Mage = 14.07, SD = 2.36) opined incompetent. Upon reevaluation, 51 youth were opined to remain incompetent, and 22 were opined competent by the evaluator. No age differences were observed between youth who remained incompetent and those who were remediated. Higher IQ scores were associated with successful remediation of understanding, appreciation, decision-making, and assisting counsel. Thematic analysis suggested that stabilization in place of residence and family functioning were often noted for remediated youth. School functioning and mental status at the time of the evaluation may be indicative of competence abilities and highlight existing skill deficits. Results highlight the complexity of factors influencing juvenile adjudicative competence and how stabilization of placement, school, and family functioning may be useful points of intervention, particularly when focused remediation efforts are not available.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"392-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0