Journal of Nutritional Science最新文献

{"title":"Interventions that address food insecurity for children aged 0-11 years, families, and pregnant women in the UK: a systematic review of intervention studies.","authors":"Caitlin Holt, Nicola Heslehurst, Ruth Kipping, Michael P Daly, Zoe Bell, Andrew Mahon, Patsy Temple, Alice Porter","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10111","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food insecurity (FI) has increased in recent years due to economic shifts and rising food prices, with 13.6% of UK households experiencing FI, 47% including children in 2024. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review with narrative synthesis explored the impact of UK interventions addressing FI for children, families, and pregnant women. Seven databases and two clinical trial registers were systematically searched for articles published between 2008-November 2023 (rapid search November 2023-February 2026). Peer-reviewed intervention studies were eligible if they were conducted in the UK, had an experimental design, targeted at least one FI pillar (accessibility, utilisation, availability, and stability) and if most participants were children aged 0-11 years, families with at least one child 0-11 years, or pregnant women. 18,225 articles were identified (rapid search identified 5,514); 11 intervention studies were included (rapid search <i>n</i> = 2). Types of interventions included cooking interventions (<i>n</i> = 4), free school meals (<i>n</i> = 3), holiday clubs (<i>n</i> = 2), supermarket vouchers (<i>n</i> = 1), and food bags (<i>n</i> = 1). Food availability was targeted in seven studies, food accessibility and utilisation in five, and food stability in one, one study included FI as an outcome. The interventions demonstrated barriers and facilitators to inform future intervention development. Most studies were considered serious or critical risk of bias. A lack of high-quality interventions addressing FI were identified. The additional studies reflected the evidence from the original studies. Government policies and funding are needed to relieve FI. Research needs to co-develop acceptable interventions and evaluate their effectiveness to reduce FI among families.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148297070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOE-ε4 moderates the association between diet quality and executive function in middle-aged women at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Chadsley M Wessinger, Kyoung Shin Park, Samantha L DuBois, Laurie Wideman, Brittany D Armstrong, Jarod C Vance, Samuel W Kibildis, Hadassah Som-Pimpong, Jennifer L Etnier","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10106","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined whether diet quality is associated with executive function (EF) in middle-aged women with a family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and whether this is moderated by a genetic AD risk factor, APOE-ε4 allele carriage. Data from 102 low-physically active women (<i>Age_Mean</i> = 56.9 ± 5.8 years) were analyzed cross-sectionally. Diet quality was quantified via the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020). Overall EF and sub-domains (working memory [WM], exogenous inhibitory control [ICex], endogenous inhibitory control [ICen], and cognitive flexibility) were measured using neurocognitive assessments. APOE-ε4 carriage was determined from saliva. Moderated regression models tested HEI-2020*APOE-ε4 interactions; significant (<i>p</i> < .05) and near-significant (<i>p</i> < .10) interactions were followed by simple slope analyses. Main effects of HEI-2020 predicted overall EF (<i>p</i> = .033) and WM (<i>p</i> = .003). Interaction effects of HEI-2020*APOE-ε4 for EF and WM (<i>p's</i> = .056-.038) were such that diet quality was positively associated with overall EF (<i>p</i> = .003) and WM (<i>p</i> = .005) in noncarriers only. Main effects of select HEI-2020 sub-scores were observed for overall EF and sub-domains (<i>p's</i> = .001-.047). Interaction effects of total vegetables*APOE-ε4 on overall EF and ICex, saturated fatty acids*APOE-ε4 on overall EF and WM, and added sugars*APOE-ε4 on ICen (<i>p's</i> = .007-.074) were such that sub-scores were positively associated with cognition in noncarriers only (<i>p's</i> < .05). Diet quality and select sub-scores were positively associated with EF in middle-aged women without APOE-ε4 only. Future work should explore if APOE-ε4 carriers require a threshold of diet quality to yield cognitive benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13244354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomised controlled crossover study to assess adherence and palatability of a porridge supplement compared to a drink-based supplement in hospitalised older adults at risk of malnutrition.","authors":"Samantha Jane Meredith, Kate A Sheppard, Philip C Calder, Harnish P Patel, Stephen Eu Ruen Lim","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10108","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are essential adjuncts in managing malnutrition in hospitalised older people. This study aimed to explore the adherence and palatability of a new porridge supplement (PS) compared to a standard drink-based supplement (DS) in hospitalised older adults. A single-centre multi-method randomised controlled crossover study was conducted on adults aged ≥65 years at risk of malnutrition (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score 1-4). Each participant was prescribed PS (16 g protein; 249 kcal) and DS (18 g protein; 306 kcal) twice per day for 4 days in crossover sequence. ONS leftovers were weighed, and adherence calculated (% consumed). Palatability ratings were assessed with a 7-point Likert scale, and interviews were conducted with 9 older adults and 5 staff to explore product acceptability. Twenty-seven older people (mean age 80 years, 17 female) participated. Median daily PS intake (26.31% [IQR 10.23-48.02]) was significantly lower compared to DS (66.8% [IQR 26.29-75.37]), and texture of PS was significantly disliked compared to DS. There were no significant differences in the absolute volume consumed between products, and supplements did not replace normal dietary intake. Changes in physical ability and appetite, the hospital culture (e.g., staff attitudes), and palatability (e.g., thickness and taste) of products influenced ONS acceptability. To improve patient-centred nutritional care, participants requested a wider in-hospital range of food-based supplementation with natural ingredients and enhanced training for staff in nutritional care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13244357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional knowledge of team sport athletes.","authors":"Chris V McDonald, Emeir M McSorley, Andrea M McNeilly, Pamela J Magee","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10107","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate nutritional knowledge (NK) is an essential aspect of team sport athletes (TSA) meeting their nutritional requirements, yet limited research has examined the NK of TSA using validated tools. This study aimed to assess the NK of male and female TSA using the validated Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) which was administered via the online platform REDCap. A total of 920 athletes (male n = 576 [62.6%], female n = 344 [37.4%]) from a range of sports including, Gaelic football n = 576 (62.6%), hurling & camogie n = 133 (14.5%), rugby n = 107 (11.6%) and soccer n = 104 (11.3%) completed the study. Participants were recruited from elite (county, country, province, professional) n = 343 (37.3%) and non-elite (club, university) n = 577 (62.7%) teams. The mean total score was 50.4 ± 12.78%, considered 'average' using accepted cut-offs. Across sports, rugby players' total score was significantly higher when compared to Gaelic field sport athletes (p =.002). Scores in all NSKQ sub-sections fell within the 'average' or 'poor' category. NK was classified as 'poor' in the micronutrients (42.77 ± 19.89%), sports nutrition (46.93 ± 17.55%) and supplementation (35.42 ± 18.86%) sub-sections, with 'poor' scoring in these sub-sections observed across all sports. In this study, NK was sub-optimal in 89.8% (n = 826) of participants and although 74.9% of participants expressed a desire for access to nutritional resources, the majority (64.3%) reported having no such access, as indicated by participant responses from the demographic section of NSKQ. These findings suggest TSA may benefit from tailored nutrition education interventions to enhance NK, potentially improving dietary intake and subsequently health and performance outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary pulse prebiotic fibre intake in a rat obese pregnancy model alters maternal caecal microbiome and protects against steatosis in newly weaned offspring.","authors":"Simran Utreja, Gabriella A Andreani, Saleh Mahmood, Mulchand S Patel, Michael J Buck, Todd C Rideout","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10103","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assessed if supplementation of an obese-inducing diet with yellow pea fibre throughout pre-pregnancy (PP), gestation, and lactation could influence maternal gut microbiome composition and improve metabolic health and liver steatosis in newly weaned rat male and female offspring. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a low (<b>CON</b>) or high (<b>HC</b>) calorie diet for a 6-week PP period. At the end of PP, HC animals were randomly assigned to either remain on the HC diet or the HC diet with yellow pea fibre (<b>HC + FBR</b>) for an additional 4-weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. At the end of lactation, caecal microbiome profile was evaluated in mothers with shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and newly weaned male and female pups were assessed for serum biochemistry and hepatic fat outcomes. Maternal obesity reduced the beta-diversity of the maternal microbiome and lowered total caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration. HC + FBR consumption increased caecal SCFA concentration and differentially altered the maternal caecal microbiome profile of several species that have been linked with hepatic steatosis including Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and several Provetella species. Newly weaned offspring from HC mothers exhibited hepatic steatosis; however, male and female pups from HC + FBR mothers demonstrated normalised liver lipid concentrations (cholesterol and triglyceride) and an increase in caecal acetate and propionate concentrations. Findings suggest that maternal obesity enhances the risk of liver steatosis in offspring and that maternal dietary fibre supplementation may have a protective influence that is partly mediated through changes in the caecal microbiome profile and activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying healthy and sustainable high-impact eating behaviour in French children aged 6-15 years: a combined multidisciplinary and living lab participatory approach.","authors":"Anthony Fardet, Claire Planchat-Héry, Edmond Rock, Laureen Bochan","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10105","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing standardisation of eating behaviours worldwide is observed, especially in children, notably characterised by the increasing consumption of both unsustainable animal- and plant-based ultra-processed foods (UPFs). The objective of this study was to identify five high-impact eating behaviours (HIBs) in a French child population (living in Clermont-Ferrand city and surroundings, <i>n</i> = 92, aged 6-15), that is, behaviours to change for the strongest positive impact on health and sustainability. For this, both multidisciplinary top-down and participatory bottom-up approaches has been carried out. First, from European and French dietary guidelines, desk research, European researchers' evaluation, and expert interviews and workshops the technical potential (for their impact on health and environment), plasticity and feasibility of 40 HIB were first quantified (top-down approach). Secondly, in the French living lab (LL), from photo-voice and focus groups with children, online surveys, meetings with families and children, interviews with stakeholders, and assessments of the behavioural change potential of the French LL children's target, five HIB were finally selected (bottom-up approach). Therefore, among the initial 342 European recommended eating behaviours, the selected HIBs for our specific population were: limiting the consumption of UPFs (notably those high in added salt, sugars and/or fats), eating 0-3 servings of meat/week, eating three servings of legumes/week, choosing primarily wholegrain than refined cereals, and choose water instead of sweetened beverages. These five HIBs constitutes a solid basis to perform next LL participatory actions, notably to test HIB feasibility/plasticity, and implement them in real life conditions through transversal actions with non-researcher.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of India's Supplementary Nutrition Programme for children aged 36-72 months and opportunities for improvement using linear programming.","authors":"Ankita Mondal, Jawahar R Manivannan, Gowri Bhatnagar, Fathima Ayoob, Ashikh Ahamed, Afsal K Murikkancheri, Melari S Nongrum, Sandra Albert, Pulkit Mathur, Lalita Verma, Radhika S Madhari, Srirangam A Brinda, Suparna Ghosh-Jerath, Vanisha Nambiar, Hemangini Gandhi, Syed Z Quazi, Alka Mahobia, Rachita Gupta, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Anura V Kurpad, Tinku Thomas","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10095","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>India's Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP), under the Integrated Child Development Services, provides a Morning Snack and a Hot Cooked Meal to children aged 36-72 months through Anganwadis (day-care centres). This study assessed these meals against SNP standards (2012) and age-specific ICMR recommendations, when standards were unavailable, and explored the use of linear programming (LP) to improve nutrient quality of SNP meals. A cross-sectional survey documented the SNP-meals, ingredients, serving portions and other details, using questionnaires administered to Anganwadi workers and programme officials from purposively selected Anganwadis across 27 States and Union Territories. Nutrient composition was estimated using standard food composition tables, and State-specific food lists and retail prices were incorporated into the LP framework to identify foods that could improve nutrient content of SNP meals. Energy standards were met in 56% of States, while 22% fell more than 20% below recommendations. Protein standards were achieved in 74% of States; however, declined to 52% after adjusting for digestibility. Only 22% of States met the ICMR-based fat requirement. Zinc, iron and folate were largely met, whereas calcium and vitamins A, B₆ and B₁₂ were below recommendations in more than half the States. Meals were predominantly cereal-based with limited inclusion of nutrient-dense foods. LP identified foods that reduced nutrient gaps, although many improvements exceeded the per-child cost allocation. Overall, meals showed wide variability, with persistent gaps in fat and key micronutrients. LP provides a structured approach to enhance nutrient provision within the programme setting, although meeting all nutrient targets may require adjustments to cost and procurement strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived barriers to adopting more plant-based diets across sociodemographic groups: findings from a population-based survey in Finland.","authors":"Laura Sares-Jäske, Laura Paalanen, Heli Tapanainen, Niina Eerika Kaartinen, Minna Kaljonen, Hanna Konttinen, Satu Männistö","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10101","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based diets are favourable for both climate and health. However, not much is known about different barriers to adopting more plant-based diets across sociodemographic groups. This study examined the proportions of the population reporting a shift towards more plant-based diets and identified perceived barriers to these changes across different sociodemographic groups. The study was based on the Healthy Finland Survey 2022-2023, including 5390 participants aged 20-74 years. Participants responded to questions on plant-based diets using pre-defined response options. Results were presented as prevalences and 95% CIs. Women reported that they had changed their diets to more plant-based more often than men did (46% vs. 31%). Urban residents, higher educated participants, and those with higher income were more likely to have adopted more plant-based diets than others. Concerns about nutritional adequacy (women 20%; men 24%) and lacking skills to prepare tasty vegetarian foods (women 30%; men 28%) were common perceived barriers. In men, barriers included a dislike of vegetarian foods (23%) and a lack of interest (28%). In women, 17% cited the preferences of their close ones as a barrier. Barriers also differed between groups. Older participants were more concerned about the nutritional adequacy (29%), while younger participants struggled with cooking skills (35%). One third of men living in rural areas or with basic education reported a lack of interest in the topic. Tailored health promotion and food education strategies are critical to overcoming barriers to adopting plant-based diets in diverse sociodemographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition knowledge, label use, and dietary diversity among a sample of university students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional investigation.","authors":"M M Mehedi Hasan, Md Hasan Al Banna, Trisha Mallick, Keith Brazendale, Najim Z Alshahrani, Humayra Alam Mouly, Farzana Afroz, Sumaia Sahrin","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10098","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of nutrition knowledge, nutrition label use and dietary diversity among a sample of university students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2023 to April 2024 among undergraduate and postgraduate students. About 428 participants (aged 18-26 years) completed a structured questionnaire containing questions related to their demographic information, nutrition knowledge, nutrition label use, and dietary diversity (consumption of different food categories). Separate logistic regression models identified the main factors associated with nutrition knowledge, nutrition label use and dietary diversity. Approximately 32.5% participants had satisfactory nutrition knowledge and 36.0% were frequent nutrition label users. Female participants were more likely to have satisfactory nutrition knowledge (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.29, 3.26) and use nutrition labels more frequently (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.22, 3.17) than their male counterparts respectively. Around 40% of the participants had a high level of dietary diversity. Students with satisfactory nutrition knowledge (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.41-6.45) and frequent use of nutrition labels (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.35-5.55) had a higher dietary diversity compared to their counterparts. Less than half of Bangladeshi students in this study have adequate nutrition knowledge, label use, and dietary diversity. The findings highlight the importance of implementing nutrition awareness programmes and nutrition education interventions for university students, such as basic food and nutrition knowledge and the use of nutrition labels, to enhance their dietary diversity and health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased sodium content after saltwater washing did not compromise the attenuation of blood pressure increase by cod backbone proteins in obese Zucker <i>fa/fa</i> rats.","authors":"Eira Victoria Rimmen, Åge Oterhals, Tone Aspevik, Maria O'Keeffe, Svein Are Mjøs, Marta Kaminska, Tine Veronica Karlsen, Trude Skogstrand, Alfred Halstensen, Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen","doi":"10.1017/jns.2026.10099","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jns.2026.10099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high sodium intake is a major risk factor for raised blood pressure. Consumption of fish fillet is associated with lower blood pressure in humans and other animals, whereas the effects of consuming fish residuals are less explored. To obtain high-quality fishmeal with acceptable sensory properties, the fish residuals may be washed with seawater onboard factory trawlers. This will increase the sodium content in the residuals, and whether this affects blood pressure has not yet been investigated. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate if the increased sodium content in Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) residuals after washing with saltwater affected the development of high blood pressure in male obese Zucker <i>fa/fa</i> rats which spontaneously develop hypertension. Rats were fed diets containing cod protein powders prepared from unwashed or saltwater-washed backbone or head fractions (<i>n</i> 6/group) as 25% of total protein with the remaining 75% as casein, or casein as the sole protein source (Control group, <i>n</i> 6) for six weeks. Blood pressure was measured on day 0 and 40. The diets containing backbone protein powder, independent of whether this fraction was washed with saltwater or not, attenuated the blood pressure increase compared to the Control group, whereas diets containing washed or unwashed head protein powder did not affect the blood pressure development. To conclude, a diet containing cod backbone protein powder attenuated the blood pressure increase in obese Zucker <i>fa/fa</i> rats, and this effect was not compromised by the higher sodium content in backbones washed with saltwater.</p>","PeriodicalId":47536,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"e33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}