Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Official Chess Competition on Salivary Cortisol and Mood Swings in Adolescent Girls: A Win–Loss Approach","authors":"Marzieh Mashayekhi Dovom,&nbsp;Hoseyn Fatolahi,&nbsp;Sina Nikbin,&nbsp;Seyed Farhad Noktehdan,&nbsp;Pezhman Mohabbati,&nbsp;Parastoo Bagheri,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani","doi":"10.1007/s10484-023-09616-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-023-09616-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study examined the effects of official chess competition on salivary cortisol and mood swings in adolescent girls. Fourteen girl competitive chess players participated in the 5-day Swiss chess tournament held in nine heavy and light rounds. The tournament was performed at 9:00 a.m. (first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth rounds) and 3:00 p.m. (second, fourth, sixth, and eighth rounds). Salivary cortisol and mood was measured before the tournament, before and after the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth rounds, and following the tournament (10 samples). The resting levels of salivary cortisol had considerably greater values on the first, second, third, and fourth competition days compared to 1 week before the competition (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The post-competition cortisol concentration was significantly higher on the second and third days than before the competition (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Winners had considerably higher levels of salivary cortisol compared to losers (<i>P</i> = 0.001). There was a significant increase in total mode disturbance (<i>P</i> = 0.001), anger (<i>P</i> = 0.009), and tension (<i>P</i> = 0.045) following heavy rounds (second and third day) compared to the values before the competition. At the same time, the Scores of vigor decreased significantly (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The findings of the present study showed participating in the official chess competition increased salivary cortisol and caused negative alterations in mood components associated with the difficulty and outcome of the match, indicating the psychological stress. Hence, psychological interventions can be used for psychological recovery of competitive chess players after the competition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 2","pages":"301 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Patient Adherence to Biofeedback Therapy Referral for Migraine: An Observational Study","authors":"Mia T. Minen,&nbsp;Alexis George,&nbsp;Ami Z. Cuneo","doi":"10.1007/s10484-024-09622-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-024-09622-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biofeedback has Grade A evidence for the treatment of migraine, yet few studies have examined the factors associated with patients’ decisions to pursue biofeedback treatment recommendations. We sought to examine reasons for adherence or non-adherence to referral to biofeedback therapy as treatment for migraine. Patients with migraine who had been referred for biofeedback by a headache specialist/behavioral neurologist were interviewed in person or via Webex. Patients completed an enrollment questionnaire addressing demographics and questions related to their headache histories. At one month, patients were sent a follow-up questionnaire via REDCap and asked if they had pursued the recommendation for biofeedback therapy, their reasons for their decision, and their impressions about biofeedback for those who pursued it. Nearly two-thirds (65%; 33/51) of patients responded at one month. Of these, fewer than half (45%, 15/33) had contacted biofeedback providers, and only 18% (6/33) completed a biofeedback session. Common themes emerged for patients who did not pursue biofeedback, including feeling that they did not have time, concern for financial obstacles (e.g., treatment cost and/or insurance coverage), and having difficulty scheduling an appointment due to limited provider availability. When asked about their preference between type of biofeedback provider (e.g., a physical therapist or psychologist), qualitative responses were mixed; many patients indicated no preference as long as they took insurance and/or were experienced, while others indicated a specific preference for a physical therapist or psychologist due to familiarity, or prior experiences with that kind of provider. Patients with migraine referred for biofeedback therapy face numerous obstacles to pursuing treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 2","pages":"281 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Working Memory","authors":"Mariam Bahameish,&nbsp;Tony Stockman","doi":"10.1007/s10484-024-09624-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-024-09624-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drawing upon the well-documented impact of long-term heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) on psychophysiological responses, this study seeks to explore the short-term effects arising from a single HRVB session during and after paced breathing exercise. The research aligns with the neurovisceral integration model, emphasizing the link between heart rate variability (HRV) levels and cognitive performance. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial employing a between-subjects design was conducted with 38 participants. Each participant was assigned to either the paced breathing intervention group or the spontaneous breathing control group. The study assessed various parameters such as cardiac vagal tone, evaluated through vagally mediated HRV measures, and working memory, measured using the N-back task. Additionally, participants’ affective states were assessed through self-reported questionnaires, specifically targeting attentiveness, fatigue, and serenity. The results notably reveal enhancements in the working memory task and an elevated state of relaxation and attention following the HRVB session, as evidenced by higher averages of correct responses, serenity and attentiveness scores. However, the findings suggest that this observed improvement is not influenced by changes in cardiac vagal tone, as assessed using a simple mediation analysis. In conclusion, this study presents promising insights into the impact of a single HRVB session, laying the foundation for future research advancements in this domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 2","pages":"219 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"sEMG Biofeedback for Episodic Migraines: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Asimina Lazaridou,&nbsp;Myrella Paschali,&nbsp;Carolyn Bernstein,&nbsp;Marie Curiel,&nbsp;Sara Moore,&nbsp;Robert R. Edwards","doi":"10.1007/s10484-023-09615-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-023-09615-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a 6-week virtual sEMG biofeedback intervention for patients with episodic migraines. Patients with episodic migraines were randomized to treatment with a novel surface EMG (sEMG) at-home biofeedback device or a treatment as usual control group; they completed validated baseline and post-intervention assessments of migraine related disability (migraine-specific quality of life, anxiety and depression). Participants also underwent a series of Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) procedures referring to several different tests that quantitatively assess responses to mechanical stimuli during two separate visits (baseline and post intervention). No adverse events were reported during the study. Compared to the treatment as usual comparison group, patients in the sEMG biofeedback group reported lower migraine disability (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared to baseline, participants in the sEMG biofeedback group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in anxiety (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and significant increases in quality of life (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and significant decreases in temporal summation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) assessed by QST. No significant changes were observed in any of the outcomes in the control comparison group (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). No significant changes were observed in migraine frequency in either of the two groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In addition, mediation analyses revealed that changes in migraine related quality of life mediated group effects on changes in migraine disability. Virtual sEMG biofeedback shows promise as a potential therapy for reducing disability, anxiety and depression and improving quality of life in individuals with episodic migraines. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a digital intervention for migraines and set the basis for conducting a future, larger scale randomized controlled trial to confirm these preliminary findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 2","pages":"271 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Visual Biofeedback Scale Changes Postural Control Complexity","authors":"Lucas Michaud,&nbsp;Fanie Laniel,&nbsp;Yves Lajoie","doi":"10.1007/s10484-023-09619-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-023-09619-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visual biofeedback (vFB) during quiet stance has been shown to improve postural control. While this improvement has been quantified by a reduction in the center of pressure (COP) sway, the effect on COP complexity remains unexplored. As such, 20 young adults (12 females; aged 23.63 ± 3.17 years) were asked to remain in a static upright posture under different visual biofeedback magnitude (no feedback [NoFB], magnified by 1 [vFB1], magnified by 5 [vBF5] and magnified by 10 [vBF10]). In addition to confirming, through traditional COP variables (i.e. standard deviation, mean velocity, sway area), that vFB scaling improved postural control, results also suggested changes in COP complexity. Specifically, sample entropy and wavelet analysis showed that increasing the vFB scale from 1:1 to 1:5 and 1:10 led to a more irregular COP and a shift toward higher frequency. Together, and particularly from a complexity standpoint, these findings provided additional understandings of how vFB and vFB scaling improved postural control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 2","pages":"291 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139508561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Responses to Organizational Stressors Among Police Managers","authors":"Paula M. Di Nota,&nbsp;Sarah C. Scott,&nbsp;Juha-Matti Huhta,&nbsp;Harri Gustafsberg,&nbsp;Judith P. Andersen","doi":"10.1007/s10484-023-09613-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-023-09613-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Police officers demonstrate increased risk of physical and mental health conditions due to repeated and prolonged exposure to stressful occupational conditions. Occupational stress is broken into two types: operational stress, related to the content of field duties (e.g., physical demands); and organizational stress, related to cultural and structural contexts (e.g., interpersonal relationships). Applied police research focuses on physiological activation in operational tasks as a mechanism explaining health risk and non-optimal performance outcomes. However, recent survey-based studies indicate numerous organizational stressors associated with self-reported mental health symptoms. The question of whether organizational stressors elicit significant physiological activity remains unknown. The current proof-of-concept field study tests the hypothesis that police managers will display significant physiological reactivity before, during, and after engaging in reality-based scenarios representative of stressful police management tasks developed from evidence-based pedagogical approaches. A sample of 25 training police managers (7 female, M = 16 +/- 5.3 years of experience) completed 5 reality-based scenarios, including resolving a heated conflict between colleagues, delivering negative feedback to a subordinate, and critical incident command. Significant increases in heart rate relative to rest were observed during all tasks, and in anticipation of several tasks. Greater increases in reactive heart rate were associated with longer recovery times. Sex differences and relationships between objective biological and subjective psychological measures of stress are discussed. The current findings demonstrate significant physiological responses to organizational stressors similar to levels observed during operational tasks, despite the absence of physical or aerobic exertion. Implications for police health and training are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 1","pages":"85 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10484-023-09613-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139508530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality Breathing Interventions for Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Gabriela Cortez-Vázquez,&nbsp;Marcel Adriaanse,&nbsp;George Louis Burchell,&nbsp;Raymond Ostelo,&nbsp;Georgia Panayiotou,&nbsp;Elke Vlemincx","doi":"10.1007/s10484-023-09611-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-023-09611-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breathing exercises have been shown to reduce mental health problems among clinical and non-clinical populations. Although virtual reality (VR) breathing interventions are assumed to have potential benefits, it remains unclear whether VR breathing interventions are more effective at improving mental health than non-VR breathing interventions. We conducted a systematic literature search in six electronic databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and PubMed) from inception to 30th September, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials in adults evaluating effects of VR compared to non-VR breathing interventions on primary outcomes of mental health (stress, anxiety and mood), and secondary outcomes of physiological stress measures (e.g., heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV)). Within these selected studies, we explored differences in likeability and future use between VR and non-VR breathing interventions. 2.848 records were identified of which 65 full-text articles were assessed. Six RCTs were included, of which five were suitable for meta-analyses. Comparing VR to non-VR breathing interventions, there were no significant differences in overall mental health, stress, anxiety or mood, nor in HR or HRV. There was no evidence that participants liked VR breathing interventions more than non-VR, nor would use them more in the future. These results suggest that there is no evidence that VR breathing interventions are more effective than non-VR in improving mental health outcomes, HR, HRV. Further research is required to determine whether there may be advantages to longer-term VR-implementation and practice, and explore possible mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10869395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Pulse Rate Variability be Used to Monitor Compliance with a Breath Pacer?","authors":"Sergey Sokolovskiy,&nbsp;Dahyana Arroyo,&nbsp;Paul Hansma","doi":"10.1007/s10484-023-09617-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-023-09617-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slow paced breathing has been demonstrated to provide significant health benefits for a person’s health, and, during breathing sessions, it is desirable to monitor that a person is actually compliant with the breath pacer. We explore the potential use of pulse rate variability to monitor compliance with a breath pacer during meditation sessions. The study involved 6 human subjects each participating in 2–3 trials, where they are asked to follow or not to follow the breath pacer, where we collected data on how the magnitude of pulse rate variability changed. Two methods, logistic regression and a running standard deviation technique, were developed to detect non-compliance with the breath pacer based on pulse rate variability metrics. Results indicate that using pulse rate variability alone may not reliably detect non-compliance with the breath pacer. Both models exhibited limitations in terms of false positives and false negatives, with accuracy ranging from 67 to 65%. Existing methods involving visual, audio, and motion signals currently perform better for monitoring compliance with the breath pacer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 2","pages":"233 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhythmic Attention and ADHD: A Narrative and Systematic Review","authors":"Andrew Haigh,&nbsp;Beryl Buckby","doi":"10.1007/s10484-023-09618-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-023-09618-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, a growing body of evidence has confirmed the existence of rhythmic fluctuations in attention, but the effect of inter-individual variations in these attentional rhythms has yet to be investigated. The aim of this review is to identify trends in the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) literature that could be indicative of between-subject differences in rhythmic attention. A narrative review of the rhythmic attention and electrophysiological ADHD research literature was conducted, and the commonly-reported difference in slow-wave power between ADHD subjects and controls was found to have the most relevance to an understanding of rhythmic attention. A systematic review of the literature examining electrophysiological power differences in ADHD was then conducted to identify studies with conditions similar to those utilised in the rhythmic attention research literature. Fifteen relevant studies were identified and reviewed. The most consistent finding in the studies reviewed was for no spectral power differences between ADHD subjects and controls. However, the strongest trend in the studies reporting power differences was for higher power in the delta and theta frequency bands and lower power in the alpha band. In the context of rhythmic attention, this trend is suggestive of a slowing in the frequency and/or increase in the amplitude of the attentional oscillation in a subgroup of ADHD subjects. It is suggested that this characteristic electrophysiological modulation could be indicative of a global slowing of the attentional rhythm and/or an increase in the rhythmic recruitment of neurons in frontal attention networks in individuals with ADHD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 2","pages":"185 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Biofeedback Intervention Targeting Mental and Physical Health Among College Students Through Speech and Physiology as Biomarkers Using Machine Learning: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Lifei Wang,&nbsp;Rongxun Liu,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Xiao Xu,&nbsp;Ran Zhang,&nbsp;Yange Wei,&nbsp;Rongxin Zhu,&nbsp;Xizhe Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10484-023-09612-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-023-09612-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biofeedback therapy is mainly based on the analysis of physiological features to improve an individual’s affective state. There are insufficient objective indicators to assess symptom improvement after biofeedback. In addition to psychological and physiological features, speech features can precisely convey information about emotions. The use of speech features can improve the objectivity of psychiatric assessments. Therefore, biofeedback based on subjective symptom scales, objective speech, and physiological features to evaluate efficacy provides a new approach for early screening and treatment of emotional problems in college students. A 4-week, randomized, controlled, parallel biofeedback therapy study was conducted with college students with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Speech samples, physiological samples, and clinical symptoms were collected at baseline and at the end of treatment, and the extracted speech features and physiological features were used for between-group comparisons and correlation analyses between the biofeedback and wait-list groups. Based on the speech features with differences between the biofeedback intervention and wait-list groups, an artificial neural network was used to predict the therapeutic effect and response after biofeedback therapy. Through biofeedback therapy, improvements in depression (<i>p</i> = 0.001), anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.001), insomnia (<i>p</i> = 0.013), and stress (<i>p</i> = 0.004) severity were observed in college-going students (n = 52). The speech and physiological features in the biofeedback group also changed significantly compared to the waitlist group (n = 52) and were related to the change in symptoms. The energy parameters and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) of speech features can predict whether biofeedback intervention effectively improves anxiety and insomnia symptoms and treatment response. The accuracy of the classification model built using the artificial neural network (ANN) for treatment response and non-response was approximately 60%. The results of this study provide valuable information about biofeedback in improving the mental health of college-going students. The study identified speech features, such as the energy parameters, and MFCC as more accurate and objective indicators for tracking biofeedback therapy response and predicting efficacy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ChiCTR2100045542.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":"49 1","pages":"71 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}