Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback最新文献

{"title":"Resonance Frequency Breathing Intervention Modifies Cardiac Autonomic Response During a Metabolic Challenge.","authors":"Lisa Patricia Peters, Martin Heni, Andreas Peter, Julia Hummel, Thomas Kubiak, Benedict Herhaus, Katja Petrowski","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09813-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09813-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating physiological processes including heart rate variability (HRV) and glucose metabolism. Higher glucose levels have been associated with reduced vagally mediated HRV. Resonance frequency breathing (RFB) with HRV biofeedback (HRV-BF) has been shown to enhance vagally mediated cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy adults. However, it remains unclear whether such training alters cardiac autonomic responses during acute metabolic stress.We investigated whether four weeks of the RFB-HRV-BF intervention modifies autonomic response dynamics during a metabolic challenge in 28 healthy adults (n = 16 females, mean age: 25.68 ± 3.66 years; mean body mass index 22.77 ± 3.01 kg/m²). Cardiac autonomic responses were assessed using the HRV parameters root mean square successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD) and standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) during the first 30 min of a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), corresponding to peak postprandial glucose levels, before and after the intervention.Piecewise linear mixed-effects models revealed a less pronounced decline in logarithmic naturals transformed RMSSD (lnRMSSD) and SDNN (lnSDNN), during the early postprandial phase of the OGTT following the RFB-HRV-BF intervention, indicating an intervention-related modification of cardiac autonomic response dynamics.Taken together, these findings indicate that RFB-HRV-BF attenuates early vagal withdrawal during acute metabolic stress. By demonstrating effects on cardiac autonomic dynamics during a standardised metabolic challenge, the present study extends previous work on RFB beyond resting conditions and underscores the relevance of context-dependent autonomic assessment for understanding interactions between autonomic regulation and metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Virtual Reality-Based Simulation and Biofeedback Monitoring into Vocal Training: Investigating Cognitive Mechanisms of Singing and Sensorimotor Adaptation.","authors":"Wensheng Tang, Pinqi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09815-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09815-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing complexity of vocal training, particularly in the control of internal physiological processes, necessitates the integration of technologies capable of enhancing sensorimotor learning and self-regulation. Traditional vocal pedagogy remains limited in accessing and monitoring underlying physiological mechanisms, resulting in a gap between subjective perception and objective performance control. The present study aimed to evaluate whether an immersive training environment integrating virtual reality and multimodal biofeedback could improve short-term physiological, acoustic, and cognitive outcomes during vocal training compared with conventional instruction. A randomized controlled pre-post design was implemented across three universities in China (Beijing). The sample comprised 107 students (aged 18-30 years), randomly assigned to a control group (n = 53) and an experimental VR group (n = 54). The findings indicate significant improvements in the VR group: a reduction in muscle activity (- 6.29 vs. -2.93 in the control group; p < 0.001; d = 0.71) and respiratory variability (- 0.048 vs. -0.022; p < 0.001; d = 1.05). Additionally, increased pitch stability (4.91 vs. 2.37; p < 0.001; d = 0.78) and reduced shimmer were observed. A negative correlation was identified between vocal awareness and EMG (r = - 0.273; p = 0.004). Participants receiving VR-based multimodal biofeedback demonstrated greater short-term improvements in physiological, acoustic, and subjective outcomes than those receiving conventional instruction. These findings are consistent with enhanced sensorimotor adaptation during training within an information-rich learning environment. Although further studies are required to evaluate long-term retention, transfer of learning, and the independent contributions of VR and biofeedback, the proposed approach may complement existing vocal pedagogy by providing learners with additional physiological information during practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Headache: The Interplay of Muscle Tension, its Discrimination, and Body Awareness.","authors":"Elisabetta Patron, Giulia Demo, Silvia Favaretto, Marialuisa Rausa, Vanessa Ruggiero, Giulia Pierangeli, Daniela Palomba","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09814-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09814-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic pain patients often exhibit altered processing of internal bodily sensations, especially in the musculoskeletal domain, and impaired body awareness. This case-control study investigated the association between resting electromyographic (EMG) activity, musculoskeletal tension discrimination and body awareness in chronic headache (CH) patients compared to healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one patients diagnosed with chronic headache and 22 matched healthy controls performed a muscle tension discrimination task while EMG was recorded from the frontalis (pain-related) and biceps brachii (pain-unrelated) muscles. Questionnaires assessed body awareness and pain-related cognitive and affective factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HC, CH patients showed higher resting muscle activity (β = 1.32; p < 0.001) and lower discrimination (β = -0.12; p = 0.007) only in the pain site. CH patients exhibited reduced body awareness (η²p = 0.19; p = 0.003), higher anxiety (β = 3.10; p = 0.032), catastrophizing (η²p = 0.30; p < 0.001), and helplessness (η²p = 0.19; p = 0.004). Notably, lower muscle tension discrimination was associated with both higher resting frontalis EMG (ρs = -0.31; p = 0.043) and catastrophizing (ρs = -0.39; p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with CH exhibit a site-specific deficit in muscle tension discrimination, accompanied by elevated resting pericranial muscle tension, reduced body awareness, and maladaptive cognitive coping strategies. The association between catastrophizing and impaired discrimination highlights the interplay between cognitive-affective factors and psychophysiological dysregulation in CH. These findings underscore the importance of multidimensional assessment in patients with CH in order to identify targeted psychophysiological treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Psychophysiological Effects Of 4-7-8 And Nadi Shodhana Breathing: A Randomized Crossover Study.","authors":"Fatma Esra Avcık, Fatih Koç, Abdurrahman Aktop","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09811-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09811-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grounded in the Neurovisceral Integration Model (NVIM), this study examines the acute effects of two respiratory architectures-4-7-8 (exhalation-focused) and Nadi Shodhana (alternate-nostril breathing)-on stress, affect, and cardiac autonomic regulation in university students. This analyst-blinded, randomized crossover study included 34 participants (19 male, 15 female) who completed three 10-min conditions (4-7-8, Nadi Shodhana, and resting breathing) in a counterbalanced order (with a 1-week washout period between conditions). Subjective outcomes were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded via Polar H10 (1000 Hz) and analyzed using Kubios with artifact correction. HRV parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, LF/HF) were evaluated using 3 × 2 mixed-design ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction. Significant condition × sex interactions were observed for subjective outcomes. The 4-7-8 technique was associated with reduced stress and negative affect in women, whereas Nadi Shodhana showed greater reductions in men. No significant main effects of condition were observed for conventional HRV indices. However, a significant main effect of sex was found for RMSSD (F(1, 33) = 10.19, p < 0.01, η² = 0.24). No other HRV effects reached statistical significance. Brief respiratory interventions differentially modulate subjective emotional states in a sex-dependent manner, whereas acute autonomic changes remain limited. These findings suggest a temporal dissociation between rapid affective regulation and short-term cardiac autonomic responses, consistent with with an NVIM-based interpretation. However, the present findings do not establish specific neurovisceral mechanisms or demonstrate longer-term autonomic adaptation, which should be examined in future longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials Evaluating Box Breathing for Stress, Autonomic, and Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Asmita Dujawara, Kamran Ali, Sonam Kumari","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09812-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09812-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Box breathing, also referred to as square breathing or four-square breathing, consists of equal phases of inhalation, breath retention, exhalation, and post-exhalation hold. It is widely promoted as a simple breathing technique for stress reduction and autonomic regulation; however, evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) specifically evaluating box breathing remains limited and fragmented.To systematically identify and synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of box breathing on stress-related, autonomic, and selected clinical outcomes. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomised controlled trials published up to 2025. Studies were included only if they explicitly investigated box breathing (equal-phase inhale-hold-exhale-hold pattern) as the primary intervention. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were performed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Due to substantial heterogeneity in populations, interventions, and outcome measures, findings were synthesised narratively. A total of eight eligible randomised controlled trials that were eligible were found. The studies encompassed both healthy adults and clinical cases such as postpartum women and women recovering from surgery. In several studies, box breathing was shown to have short-term benefits on perceived stress, perceived anxiety and mood in a non-uniform manner. There were also mixed physiological responses, s with decreases in respiratory rate seen in some studies and changes in heart rate and heart rate variability in others. There is also more recent evidence that box breathing reduces certain acute stress responses, such as heart rate, state anxiety and salivary alpha-amylase, but not HRV or cortisol. Clinical results were a decrease in postpartum pain and an enhancement in some lactation-related outcomes. Of the 29 RCTs, there were no RCTs that directly measured spirometric lung function or maximal aerobic capacity. Randomised studies in the literature have been conducted in recent years to evaluate the efficacy of box breathing on a wide range of autonomic functions; although it appears to be effective for short-term stress and emotional self-regulation, its effects on wider autonomic functions are inconsistent. The evidence available is limited due to a small number of studies, variable protocols and populations, and a limited long-term assessment. More carefully conducted randomised trials with uniformly prescribed breathing regimens and physiological measures of outcome are needed before more widespread clinical uses can be determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurofeedback-Guided Motor Imagery in Chronic Stroke: A Case Series on Upper-Limb Recovery, Cortical Activation, and Brain Symmetry.","authors":"Raquel Carvalho, Elsa Azevedo, Paulo Marques, Nuno Dias, João José Cerqueira","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09808-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09808-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems combined with motor imagery (MI) have emerged as promising tools in neurorehabilitation. Real-time neurofeedback may further enhance motor recovery by promoting use-dependent neuroplasticity; however, evidence in chronic stroke remains limited, particularly from controlled pilot studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This case series explored the feasibility and preliminary effects of EEG-based BCI neurofeedback combined with MI and physiotherapy on upper-limb motor function and brain activation patterns in individuals with chronic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a double-blind, controlled protocol, seven individuals with chronic stroke were allocated to either an experimental group receiving MI with real-time EEG-based BCI neurofeedback or a control group receiving MI with sham feedback. All participants completed a standardized four-week physiotherapy program. Motor outcomes were assessed with the Action Research Arm Test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Motor Assessment Scale, and grip strength, with functional changes interpreted against minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds. Neuroplastic changes were explored using EEG-derived symmetry measures and task-related functional MRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants receiving real neurofeedback exhibited consistent improvements exceeding MCID thresholds in at least one functional outcome, most notably grip strength. This group also demonstrated more symmetrical EEG activity and more consistent sensorimotor and cerebellar activation patterns on fMRI. In contrast, responses in the sham group were more variable and appeared influenced by a single high responder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the feasibility of integrating EEG-based BCI neurofeedback with MI and physiotherapy in chronic stroke rehabilitation. The observed functional gains and associated neurophysiological changes suggest a preliminary, exploratory role for this intervention in promoting upper-limb recovery in this small sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of an Eight-Weeks Yogic Intervention on Psychological Distress, Mental Well-being, and Physiological Regulation among Teenage Student-Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sandeep Saroha, Deepak Bangari","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09810-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09810-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent athletes encounter compounded academic and competitive pressures that may elevate psychological distress and affect physiological recovery. Yoga, a structured mind-body practice integrating physical postures, breathing regulation, and meditative practices, represents a potentially accessible strategy for supporting psychological well-being and selected physiological indices in youth sport contexts. To evaluate the effects of an eight-week structured yoga intervention on psychological distress, mental well-being, and physiological regulation in competitive teenage athletes. Eighty-eight district-level teenage athletes (male: 52, female: 36; mean age 15.8 ± 1.4 years) were randomly allocated to a yoga intervention group (n = 44) or a wait-list control group (n = 44). The intervention comprised daily 60-min sessions (six days/week) of asana, pranayama, and dhyana over eight weeks. Psychological outcomes were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and the Mental Health Inventory-56 (MHI-56). Physiological outcomes included resting heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂), body temperature, and body mass index (BMI). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with baseline values as covariates, and mixed-effects models were employed. The yoga group demonstrated significantly greater reductions across all DASS-21 subscales relative to controls: depression (F (1,86) = 7.46, p = 0.008, Hedges' g = 0.62), anxiety (F (1,86) = 6.12, p = 0.015, g = 0.56), and stress (F (1,86) = 5.84, p = 0.018, g = 0.55). Mental well-being improved significantly (F (1,86) = 9.03, p = 0.004, g = 0.65). Physiological outcomes showed significant reductions in resting HR (g = 0.58) and BMI (g = 0.42), alongside increased SpO₂ (g = 0.61); body temperature was unchanged. An eight-week multicomponent yoga programme was associated with moderate-to-large improvements in psychological health and favourable changes in selected physiological outcome among adolescent athletes. These findings support structured yoga as a potentially useful adjunct within youth sport training environments; however, the physiological measures employed do not permit conclusions regarding specific autonomic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Biofeedback in Pain Management and Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Andrei Mateus Delgado Viana, Neha Pirwani, Attila Szabo","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09809-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09809-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the effectiveness of biofeedback interventions for pain management and rehabilitation outcomes in athletes and individuals with sports-related injuries. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. A systematic literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Searches were completed in September 2024 and updated in November 2025. Randomized controlled trials investigating the use of biofeedback interventions for pain management and rehabilitation in athletes or individuals with sports-related injuries were eligible for inclusion. Due to heterogeneity in participant characteristics, injury types, biofeedback modalities, and outcome measures, a narrative synthesis was performed. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Nine randomized controlled trials from Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Canada, Romania, Brazil, and Iran were included. Biofeedback interventions addressed patellofemoral pain, shoulder impingement, chronic ankle instability, plantar fasciitis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, meniscal injuries, and other musculoskeletal sports injuries. Modalities included electromyography, heart rate variability, neurofeedback, virtual reality feedback, and real-time visual gait retraining. Biofeedback was associated with reduced pain, improved muscle activation and strength, enhanced functional recovery, and better rehabilitation outcomes. Biofeedback may be a valuable adjunct to conventional rehabilitation for athletes or individuals with sports-related injuries. For clinicians, it can enhance neuromuscular control, patient engagement, and functional outcomes in multimodal programs. However, the certainty of the evidence is low, and further high-quality trials across diverse populations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-Dependent Patterns of Affective Interference Control and Inhibitory Braking Following Auricular Stimulation.","authors":"Yushi Yang, Xuan Wang, Danni Zhang, Yuxi Wang, Ziyan Wang, Di Zhao, Ruiwen Song","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09807-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09807-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auricular neuromodulation specificity remains debated, particularly for electrical approaches in which current spread may obscure site-specific effects. We tested whether focal mechanical auricular acupressure produces site-by-pathway differences across Hot affective interference control and Cold inhibitory braking. In a single-blind, randomized, active-controlled study, 55 young adults with elevated affective symptoms received 48-h auricular acupressure at Shenmen, Subcortex, Combined (Shenmen + Subcortex), or an active Shoulder control site. Participants completed an Emotional Flanker task indexing Hot control and an Emotional Go/No-Go task indexing Cold control. Standardized change scores were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, with hierarchical drift diffusion modeling and signal detection theory analyses used to constrain mechanistic interpretation. A significant Group × Pathway interaction was observed (p = 0.002). In the Cold pathway, Subcortex and Combined stimulation showed greater improvement than Shenmen stimulation. In the Hot pathway, Shenmen stimulation showed greater improvement than Subcortex stimulation, whereas Hot-pathway contrasts against the active control were non-significant. Focal auricular acupressure produced pathway-selective, site-dependent profiles across Hot and Cold executive-control tasks. These findings suggest relative site-by-pathway specificity, although further studies with larger samples and optimized control conditions are needed to confirm the robustness and mechanisms of this effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Load-Dependent Modulation of Cognitive Control Following OM Meditation: Time-Resolved EEG Evidence from the N2 Component.","authors":"Gyaneshwar Singh, M Ummesalma, Suhas Vinchurkar, Deepeshwar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10484-026-09806-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-026-09806-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory (WM) depends on dynamic cognitive control processes that adapt to task demands. Although meditation has been associated with enhanced attentional regulation, its effects on load-dependent neural dynamics remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of one month of OM meditation on behavioral performance and electrophysiological markers of cognitive control during a visual working memory task. Thirty-four healthy adult males were randomly assigned to either an OM meditation group (n = 18) or a non-meditative control group (n = 16). Electroencephalographic activity was recorded while participants performed visual n-back task with three load conditions (0-back, 1-back, and 2-back). Behavioral performance was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Event-related potentials (ERPs), including the P1, N1, N2, P3, and late slow wave components, were examined using both component-based and time-resolved analyses. Behaviorally, the meditation group demonstrated greater pre-post improvements in reaction time during the 0-back and 1-back conditions, but not during the 2-back condition. Accuracy remained high across all task conditions. Electrophysiologically, a significant Group × Time × Load interaction was observed for the N2 component, primarily driven by the 1-back condition. Time-resolved permutation testing further revealed a temporally localized N2 modulation under moderate working memory demand, with no reliable effects observed in other ERP components. These findings suggest that OM meditation selectively modulates monitoring-related cognitive control processes in a demand-dependent manner. More broadly, the results support adaptive models of cognitive control and highlight the value of time-resolved electrophysiological approaches for detecting transient neural changes associated with meditation training.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}