Evolutionary Psychology最新文献_第6页

Individual's Reproductive Strategies Moderates the Association Between Facial Width-to-Height and Risk-Taking Propensity. 个体的生殖策略调节面部宽高比与冒险倾向的关系。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221096758

Fabiane de Barros Figueirêdo Cavalcante, Marcelo Vinhal Nepomuceno, Danielle Miranda de Oliveira Arruda Gomes, Samuel Façanha Câmara

{"title":"Individual's Reproductive Strategies Moderates the Association Between Facial Width-to-Height and Risk-Taking Propensity.","authors":"Fabiane de Barros Figueirêdo Cavalcante, Marcelo Vinhal Nepomuceno, Danielle Miranda de Oliveira Arruda Gomes, Samuel Façanha Câmara","doi":"10.1177/14747049221096758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049221096758","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has yielded mixed findings on the relationship between facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR), an androgen-dependent feature, and risk-taking propensity. We argue that mixed findings might result from overlooked variables. Given that risk-taking propensity might be ultimately linked to a search for mating opportunities, we analyze if reproductive strategies moderate the relationship between fWHR and risk-taking propensity. Our results, obtained from a sample of 434 male participants, show a positive association between fWHR and recreational and social risk-taking only for men who are more motivated to focus on mating effort over offspring survival. This finding aligns with research arguing that risk-taking may be a mating strategy since being social and recreational risk-prone might illustrate physical and psychological qualities and improve one's ability to attract mates. Our results support the notion that risk-taking might be a domain-specific construct. Overall, our research is in line with recent findings suggesting that the impact of testosterone exposure on risk-taking propensity is best understood when considering the role of contextual variables. Consequently, we add to previous research that studies related to risk-taking propensity should account for reproductive strategies.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/7e/10.1177_14747049221096758.PMC10355301.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10370368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental Representations of Sickness Positively Relate to Adaptive Health Behaviors. 疾病的心理表征与适应性健康行为呈正相关。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221109452

Jonathan T Ojeda, Paul J Silvia, Brittany S Cassidy

{"title":"Mental Representations of Sickness Positively Relate to Adaptive Health Behaviors.","authors":"Jonathan T Ojeda, Paul J Silvia, Brittany S Cassidy","doi":"10.1177/14747049221109452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049221109452","url":null,"abstract":"An ecological approach to social perception states that impressions of faces have functional value in that they guide adaptive behavior ensuring people's survival. For example, people may avoid others whose faces appear sick to avoid an illness representing a survival threat. We broadened the ecological approach in the current work by examining whether merely thinking about what illnesses on faces look like (i.e., how sickness on faces is represented) holds functional value in guiding behavior to ensure survival. Using an example of a real illness threat as proof of concept, we showed that people self-reported performing more adaptive health behaviors in response to COVID-19 if they had sicker representations of COVID-19 on faces (Experiment 1a). These sicker representations of COVID-19 on faces explained, in part, a positive relation between perceptions of COVID-19 as threatening and people's self-reported adaptive health behaviors. We then replicated these patterns when experimentally manipulating illness threat (Experiment 1b). We found that people expected more adaptive health behaviors and had sicker representations of illness on faces in response to illness threats that were more relative to less threatening. These findings suggest that mentally representing sickness on faces is enough to guide people's behaviors in response to illness threats.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/42/10.1177_14747049221109452.PMC10355308.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10370367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrospective Self-Reported Childhood Experiences in Enriched Environments Uniquely Predict Prosocial Behavior and Personality Traits in Adulthood. 回顾性自述在丰富环境中的童年经历可独特预测成年后的亲社会行为和人格特质。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221110603

Thomas G McCauley, Michael E McCullough

{"title":"Retrospective Self-Reported Childhood Experiences in Enriched Environments Uniquely Predict Prosocial Behavior and Personality Traits in Adulthood.","authors":"Thomas G McCauley, Michael E McCullough","doi":"10.1177/14747049221110603","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049221110603","url":null,"abstract":"What features of people's childhood environments go on to shape their prosocial behavior during adulthood? Past studies linking childhood environment to adult prosocial behavior have focused primarily on adverse features, thereby neglecting the possible influence of exposure to enriched environments (e.g., access to material resources, experiences with rich cooperative relationships, and interactions with morally exemplary role models). Here, we expand the investigation of childhood environmental quality to include consideration of enriching childhood experiences and their relation to adult prosociality. In two cross-sectional studies, we found promising evidence that enriched childhood environments are associated with adult moral behavior. In study 1 (N = 1,084 MTurk workers), we adapted an existing measure of enriched childhood environmental quality for retrospective recall of childhood experiences and found that subjects' recollections of their enriched childhood experiences are distinct from their recollections of adverse childhood experiences. In Study 2 (N = 2,208 MTurk workers), we found that a formative composite of subjects' recollections of enriched childhood experiences is positively associated with a variety of morally relevant traits in adulthood, including agreeableness, honesty-humility, altruism, endorsement of the principle of care, empathic responding to the plights of needy others, and charitable donations in an experimental setting, and that these associations held after controlling for childhood environmental adversity, childhood socioeconomic status, sex, and age. We also found evidence suggesting that some, but not all, of the relationship between enrichment and adult prosociality can be explained by a shared genetic correlation. We include a new seven-item measure as an appendix.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/04/10.1177_14747049221110603.PMC10303491.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10370369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Le Petit Machiavellian Prince: Effects of Latent Toxoplasmosis on Political Beliefs and Values. 小马基雅维利王子:潜伏弓形虫病对政治信仰和价值观的影响。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221112657

Robin Kopecky, Lenka Příplatová, Silvia Boschetti, Konrad Talmont-Kaminski, Jaroslav Flegr

{"title":"Le Petit Machiavellian Prince: Effects of Latent Toxoplasmosis on Political Beliefs and Values.","authors":"Robin Kopecky, Lenka Příplatová, Silvia Boschetti, Konrad Talmont-Kaminski, Jaroslav Flegr","doi":"10.1177/14747049221112657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049221112657","url":null,"abstract":"Humans infected by Toxoplasma gondii express no specific symptoms but manifest higher incidence of many diseases, disorders and differences in personality and behavior. The aim of this study was to compare the political beliefs and values of Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free participants. We measured beliefs and values of 2315 responders via an online survey (477 Toxoplasma-infected) using the Political Beliefs and Values Inventory (PI34). This study showed Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free participants of our cross-sectional study differed in three of four factors of PI34, scoring higher in Tribalism and lower in Cultural liberalism and Anti-Authoritarianism. We found sex differences in political beliefs associated with Toxoplasma infection. Infected women scored higher in tribalism and lower in cultural liberalism, compared with the Toxoplasma-free control group, while infected men scored higher in economic equity. These results fit with sexual differences in behavior and attitude observed after toxoplasmosis infection. Controlling for the effect of worse physical health and mental health had little impact, suggesting that impaired health did not cause these changes. Rather than adaptation to prevalence of parasites, as suggested by parasite-stress theory, the differences might be side-effects of long-term mild inflammatory reaction. However, to get clear picture of the mild inflammation effects, more research focused on different infectious diseases is needed.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b1/53/10.1177_14747049221112657.PMC10303488.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10013886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Intentions to Steal and the Commitment Problem. The Role of Moral Emotions and Self-Serving Justifications. 偷窃意图与承诺问题。道德情感和自利理由的作用。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221125105

Ann De Buck, Lieven J R Pauwels

{"title":"Intentions to Steal and the Commitment Problem. The Role of Moral Emotions and Self-Serving Justifications.","authors":"Ann De Buck, Lieven J R Pauwels","doi":"10.1177/14747049221125105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049221125105","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on determinants underlying young persons\" self-reported intentions to steal a small amount of money. From an evolutionary standpoint, theft is a frequency-dependent strategy that may have been favored because it gave individuals a reproductively-relevant advantage in the competition for scarce resources. Although human groups do not tolerate the act of stealing, theft is still very common. Our study is rooted in Robert Frank's theory of the moral commitment problem. Moral emotions such as anticipated guilt are devices designed by evolutionary forces to motivate cooperative behavior in situations entailing a commitment problem. However, the anticipation of guilt feelings can be circumvented by self-serving justifications, therefore increasing the likelihood to steal. A large region-wide sample of adolescents (N = 3694) is used to analyze whether anticipated moral guilt and self-serving justifications mediate the effects of empathy, fear sensitivity, and perceived peer disapproval in their relationship to intentions to steal. Several propositions are tested in a latent variable model within the framework of SEM. Visual scenarios depicting an opportunity to take a small amount of money from a stranger are used to elicit participants\" self-reported intentions to steal. Results suggest that empathic concern and empathic perspective-taking, perceived peer disapproval, and fear sensitivity affect the likelihood of theft by influencing anticipated guilt and self-serving justifications that, in turn, respectively reduce and promote the likelihood of theft.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/33/a4/10.1177_14747049221125105.PMC10358416.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10016783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vocal Characteristics Influence Women's Perceptions of Infidelity and Relationship Investment in China. 声音特征对中国女性不忠认知和关系投资的影响。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221108883

Jing Zhang, Shuli Tao

{"title":"Vocal Characteristics Influence Women's Perceptions of Infidelity and Relationship Investment in China.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Shuli Tao","doi":"10.1177/14747049221108883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049221108883","url":null,"abstract":"Vocal characteristics are important cues to form social impressions. Previous studies indicated that men with masculine voices are perceived as engaging in higher rates of infidelity and being less committed to their relationship. In the current study, we examined how women in China perceive information regarding infidelity and relationship investment conveyed by the voices (voice pitch and vocal tract length) of males, and whether different vocal characteristics play a similar role in driving these impressions. In addition, we examined whether these perceptions are consistent in Chinese and English language contexts. The results indicated that women perceived men with more masculine voices (lower voice pitch and longer vocal tract length) as showing a lower likelihood of infidelity and higher relationship investment; further, women who preferred more masculine voices in long-term relationships, but not in short-term relationships, were more likely to perceive men with masculine voices as less likely to engage in infidelity and more likely to invest in their relationship. Moreover, the participants formed very similar impressions irrespective of whether the voices spoke native (Chinese) or foreign (English) languages. These results provide new evidence for the role of the voice in women's choices in selecting long-term partners.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/c4/10.1177_14747049221108883.PMC10303567.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10013887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Attachment Security Priming Affecting Mating Strategies Endorsement among College Students. 依恋安全启动对大学生择偶策略认同的影响

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221111738

Maximiliane Uhlich, Omri Gillath, Dory A Schachner, Phillip R Shaver

{"title":"Attachment Security Priming Affecting Mating Strategies Endorsement among College Students.","authors":"Maximiliane Uhlich, Omri Gillath, Dory A Schachner, Phillip R Shaver","doi":"10.1177/14747049221111738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049221111738","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to environmental cues reflecting potential threats to future survivability is associated with a stronger endorsement of short-term mating strategies. Less is known, however, about the effects of safety and security cues. In four studies, we examined the effects of attachment-related security cues compared to neutral cues on preferences for short- and long-term mating strategies. Preferences were assessed using self-report and behavioral measures. In line with Life History Theory (LHT) and our hypotheses, exposure to attachment-related security cues was mainly associated with a stronger preference for long-term mating strategies and a weaker preference for short-term strategies. Our internal meta-analysis of the experimental security manipulations across studies provided further support for the association between state attachment security and endorsement of mating strategies. We also found some predictable effects of gender and relationship status. Implications for LHT and attachment theory are discussed. (139 words).","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/93/10.1177_14747049221111738.PMC10355309.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10370375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evolutionary Perspective on Self-Concept: The Effects of Interpersonal Motivations and Inclusionary Status on Spontaneous Self-Descriptions of Communion and Agency. 自我概念的进化视角:人际动机和包容地位对交流和代理自发自我描述的影响。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221120095

Roy Azoulay, Moran Wilner-Sakal, Reut Tzabag, Eva Gilboa-Schechtman

{"title":"Evolutionary Perspective on Self-Concept: The Effects of Interpersonal Motivations and Inclusionary Status on Spontaneous Self-Descriptions of Communion and Agency.","authors":"Roy Azoulay, Moran Wilner-Sakal, Reut Tzabag, Eva Gilboa-Schechtman","doi":"10.1177/14747049221120095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049221120095","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary models suggest that self-concept is a dynamic structure shaped jointly by interpersonal motivations and social challenges. Yet, empirical data assessing this claim are sparse. We examined this question in two studies. In study 1, participants (N = 386) generated spontaneous self-descriptions and filled out questionnaires assessing dominance and affiliation motivations. We found that self-descriptions categorized as communion or agency were associated with affiliation and dominance motivations, respectively. In study 2, participants (N = 360) underwent an inclusionary manipulation (exclusion, inclusion, popularity) and completed self-description and motivation measures. We found that exclusion (compared to inclusion/popularity) enhanced the salience of communion self-descriptions such that participants described themselves using more communion traits. Finally, in the popularity condition (compared to exclusion/inclusion), an enhanced positive association between salience of agency self-descriptions and dominance motivation was found. Our results support evolutionary models suggesting that self-concept organization shapes and is being shaped by social motivations to enhance interpersonal functioning.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/3a/10.1177_14747049221120095.PMC10358400.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10013908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Altruistic Behaviour by the Benefactor-Beneficiary Relationship 利用受益关系预测利他主义行为

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221122920

Jack A. Palmer, Linda K. Palmer

{"title":"Predicting Altruistic Behaviour by the Benefactor-Beneficiary Relationship","authors":"Jack A. Palmer, Linda K. Palmer","doi":"10.1177/14747049221122920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049221122920","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of altruism—costly behaviour by an individual (the benefactor) that benefits another individual (the beneficiary)—has been theorized as a function of kinship, reciprocity potential, shared group membership, and costly signalling. These benefactor-beneficiary relationships have predictive value for real-life altruistic acts. J. A. Palmer designed the Costly Signals Questionnaire (CSQ) to measure participants’ level of support for altruistic acts performed under the varying conditions of (1) close kin, (2) person who can reciprocate, (3) group co-members, and (4) anonymous strangers (representing costly signalling theory). After signing consent forms, participants (n = 465) were given an opportunity to perform an altruistic act anonymously (donate valuable raffle tickets) and then completed the CSQ and measures of altruism, empathy, and religiosity. Statistical analyses support CSQ reliability and revealed that the CSQ significantly predicted altruistic action; the other measures did not (although they significantly correlated with the CSQ). Participants’ support for altruistic acts ranked significantly from strongest to weakest: kin-based > reciprocity > shared group > anonymous stranger. The CSQ appears to be a reliable, valid instrument for predicting altruistic action and measuring support of altruism based on benefactor-beneficiary relationships per evolutionary theory.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

COVID-19 and Memory: A Novel Contamination Effect in Memory. COVID-19与记忆:一种新的记忆污染效应。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221108929

Gaëtan Thiebaut, Alain Méot, Arnaud Witt, Pavol Prokop, Patrick Bonin

引用次数: 3