City & Community最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: Lily M. Hoffman and Barbara Schmitter Heisler, Airbnb, Short-Term Rentals and the Future of Housing","authors":"Alexandrea J. Ravenelle","doi":"10.1177/15356841221076656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841221076656","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have brought a collection of books examining the impact of the sharing economy on workers and on work, but much less attention has been paid to the impact on local communities. Airbnb, Short-Term Rentals and the Future of Housing focuses on the community impact, arguing that the most disruption from Airbnb and related short-term rental platforms has occurred in urban areas where housing markets are already stressed. Hoffman and Heisler utilize a case study approach with a focus on four American cities (New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Boston), compared to Australia (primarily Sydney and Melbourne) and Germany (Berlin and Munich). Although the authors note that homesharing is hardly new, Airbnb has “removed the rooming house stigma and made short-term rentals fashionable, even sexy, for potential travelers” (p. 11). In addition, the platform benefits from “the tech industry’s well-known freedom from regulation” (p. 13). But perhaps most of all, Airbnb has benefited from “financialization,” which the authors define as “the increasingly active role of financial institutions and processes” (p. 15). The securitization of mortgages and high-risk banking strategies, including subprime loans, contributed to the Great Recession, but the rise in foreclosures and the post-recession rise in housing prices also contributed to an increasing number of renters and increased demand for affordable housing. Meanwhile, rental housing has been a declining portion of the U.S. housing market, holding little attraction for private builders outside the high end of the market. Meanwhile, renters—the majority of households in most large cities—pay a larger share of their incomes for housing and are increasingly rent-burdened (spending more than 30 percent of their income on rent). Indeed, Hoffman and Heisler cite a 2020 Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University report noting that “in most metro areas at least 40 percent of renters are costburdened and in some locations the figure is as high as 56 percent” (p. 17). As the rental sector becomes more attractive for investors, “institutional and corporate ownership of rental property has increased as the percentage of individual owners has dramatically declined” (p. 18). Enter Airbnb as “an inexpensive way to travel . . . a solution to high rents and mortgages” and a product of “the neoliberal Zeitgeist that celebrated individual entrepreneurship and technological innovation” (p. 18). Chapter 2 is entitled “Cities, Data and Data Wars,” but that title could actually be applied to every chapter. With few exceptions, chapters generally follow a similar format of discussing the local housing stock, the rise of Airbnb locally, reports created by anti-Airbnb groups, the platform’s response, and various laws and legal challenges. While this may not actually be the goal of the book, it quickly becomes obvious that the challenges of Airbnb—and the reactions from locals—are often not unique. While some","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"21 1","pages":"82 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46023249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Introduction: Happy Birthday City & Community!","authors":"R. Ocejo","doi":"10.1177/15356841221076663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841221076663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"21 1","pages":"3 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45598745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Place of Greening: Comparing Civic Engagement Scenes of Urban Natures across Danish Cities","authors":"A. Blok, Amanda K. Juvik, Anna Helene Kvist Møller, Jonas Skjold Raaschou-Pedersen, Jakob Laage-Thomsen","doi":"10.1177/15356841211073589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841211073589","url":null,"abstract":"As elsewhere in Europe, cities in Denmark have witnessed a surge in civic urban nature engagement, such as place- and practice-based initiatives (e.g., public-access community gardens, organic food collectives, and grazing associations that enhance biodiversity). While this expansion of urban green communities, as we call them, is widely noted in the literature, less attention has been paid to the comparative variability of their local civic expression. In this article, we use digital methods to map out the group styles, the spatial intergroup networks, and the cultural-political value landscapes of 130 urban green communities across the four largest cities in Denmark. To compare results, we develop the concept of “civic engagement scenes” as a way of responding to recent developments in cultural and political sociology. Overall, we show how this notion allows for interpreting civic greening groups: they are neither neighborhood-based endeavors nor hubs of social movement mobilization, but rather geographies of co-engagement that span cities while also forge new senses and practices of place.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"21 1","pages":"91 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48083805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theorizing Gentrification as a Process of Racial Capitalism","authors":"Zawadi Rucks-Ahidiana","doi":"10.1177/15356841211054790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841211054790","url":null,"abstract":"Academics largely define gentrification based on changes in the class demographics of neighborhood residents from predominately low-income to middle-class. This ignores that gentrification always occurs in spaces defined by both class and race. In this article, I use the lens of racial capitalism to theorize gentrification as a racialized, profit-accumulating process, integrating the perspective that spaces are always racialized to class-centered theories. Using the prior literature on gentrification in the United States, I demonstrate how the concepts of value, valuation, and devaluation from racial capitalism explain where and how gentrification unfolds. Exposure to gentrification varies depending on a neighborhood’s racial composition and the gentrification stakeholders involved, which contributes to racial differences in the scale and pace of change and the implications of those changes for processes of displacement. Revising our understanding of gentrification to address the racialization of space helps resolve seemingly contradictory findings across qualitative and quantitative studies.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"21 1","pages":"173 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42980130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers","authors":"Sung Gyoo Park","doi":"10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.1.80","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"295 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.1.80","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47658362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eyes on the Screen: Digital Interclass Coalitions against Crime in a Gentrifying Rural Town","authors":"Sebastián F. Villamizar-Santamaría","doi":"10.1177/15356841211041363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841211041363","url":null,"abstract":"According to the theories of social disorganization and collective efficacy, population heterogeneity contributes to the erosion of social ties and the increase in crime. I test that assumption through an in-person and digital ethnography in La Calera, a rural area in Colombia undergoing population change through gentrification and facing increasing burglaries, cattle theft, and other crimes. I argue that the use of social media in this socially mixed community for a common goal—safety—enables coalitions among residents that reach across social divisions. By participating in community meetings but especially through social media, residents monitor the area to look after homes and each other, highlighting feelings of “unity” and “cohesion” that strengthen social ties among them and the police despite the heterogeneity in class composition. This case examines when social organization can occur despite class polarization, even in a country with a long civil war history and high class inequality.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"21 1","pages":"62 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46356651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Sharon Zukin, The Innovation Complex: Cities, Tech and the New Economy","authors":"Jennifer Clark","doi":"10.1177/15356841211044761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841211044761","url":null,"abstract":"The book meaningfully contributes to urban theory by engaging with multiple theoretical traditions. In the realm of political economy, for instance, Lederman acknowledges the neoliberal orientation of city officials but also highlights the effort— even among the most business-oriented city leaders—to celebrate local culture and heritage. Channeling postcolonial skepticism, he questions the limited explanatory power of generic concepts such as gentrification. And he nods toward assemblage theory, especially while analyzing how global policies circulate among international thinktanks and experts. Lederman’s wide-angle lens allows him to demonstrate just how far—or not—Western theories can “travel” to study social change among cities in the global South.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"374 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44375620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Patrick Inglis, Narrow Fairways: Getting by & Falling Behind in the New India","authors":"Michael Levien","doi":"10.1177/15356841211044762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841211044762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Michael Ian Borer, Vegas Brews: Craft Beer and the Birth of a Local Scene","authors":"Daniel Silver","doi":"10.1177/15356841211044764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841211044764","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are more than places to live, work, or mobilize political or social movements— though they are all of these things. That they are also host to myriad local scenes that infuse urban experience with opportunities for shared enjoyments has only become more evident since 2020 as access to them has been severely reduced due to public health restrictions on public sociability. If a 300-page book about craft beer and the birth of a local scene might have previously seemed gratuitous, witnessing so many streets stripped of the aura with which their scenes had infused them is a reminder of the value of serious scholarly investigation into the basis and dynamics of urban cultural life. Michael Ian Borer’s Vegas Brews: Craft Beer and the Birth of a Local Scene represents such an investigation. Borer offers a richly detailed, close ethnographic study of the emergence of the microbrew craft scene in Las Vegas, animated by a much bigger question: in a city where consumerism, alienation, indifference, and artifice predominate, can scenes thrive that evoke local authenticity and the “well-crafted life?” The stark contrast between the official narrative of Vegas and efforts to cultivate spaces infused by this counternarrative makes the book especially poignant. Vegas Brews shines most through synthesis and application of diverse, existing concepts to illuminate the inner workings of the Vegas craft beer scene. Most notably, Borer revives John Irwin’s woefully neglected 1977 book, Scenes, which developed a dramaturgical approach to studying local scenes unfolding among disco dancers, surfers, skiers, spiritualists, and hippies. Following Irwin, Borer highlights three key aspects: scenes are (1) expressive: they are used for direct gratification but also promote an ethos; (2) voluntary: people choose to participate at different degrees and in different ways; and (3) publicly available: knowledge about the scene—where it is happening, what activities it entails, what ethos it stands for—can be acquired by anybody who is willing to participate and learn about it. Much of Vegas Brews involves observations about how these principles operate on the ground as local scene-makers work to build and grow the craft beer scene in Vegas. While the stories themselves are vivid and give the reader that feeling of having “been there” characteristic of good ethnographic writing, in the course of the analysis Borer extends the concepts, often through creative combination with other related themes. For example, Borer links Irwin’s categories to an explanation of why scenes are fun, and to the concept of fun more generally. Part of the fun comes from the voluntary aspect, which makes participation an opportunity to play without fully or categorically being defined by group membership. The public character also means that involvement can be a process of discovery: moving from the periphery of the scene into the core means encountering diverse characters, such as “beer geeks,” ba","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"371 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43018589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Jacob Lederman, Chasing World-Class Urbanism: Global Policy versus Everyday Survival in Buenos Aires","authors":"Xuefei Ren","doi":"10.1177/15356841211044763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841211044763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}