History and Theory最新文献_第8页

A VIRTUE ETHICS FOR HISTORIANS: PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS 历史学家的美德伦理：前景与局限性

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12364

HERMAN PAUL

{"title":"A VIRTUE ETHICS FOR HISTORIANS: PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS","authors":"HERMAN PAUL","doi":"10.1111/hith.12364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.12364","url":null,"abstract":"How feasible would it be to develop a virtue ethics for historians that is analogous or similar to virtue-ethical approaches to research integrity that have been proposed for other areas of academic inquiry? The field of history is an interesting one, as few disciplines have an equally well-documented history of thinking, talking, and writing about virtues. This history merits ethicists’ attention, as it offers a unique opportunity for grounding ethical reflection in the lived realities of historical research and teaching. In the spirit of a “history and philosophy of history,” this article contributes to such a project by staging a conversation between virtue ethics and the history of historiography. Drawing on a range of nineteenth- and twentieth-century examples, it argues that much of what applied virtue ethicists are recommending scholars to do has a long pedigree in the history of historiography. Critical virtue ethics, too, is a project to which historians can easily relate, especially insofar as they are committed to virtues of truthfulness in an age of post-truth. If this suggests that there is room, or perhaps even a need, for a virtue ethics for historians, the cases examined in this article also prompt critical questions, especially ones regarding the teachability of virtue, the potential of virtue talk to be misused for polemical and exclusionary purposes, and the sort of tasks that a virtue ethics is capable of addressing. In light of these considerations, the article calls for reflection on the “affordances” of virtue. It claims that the case for a virtue ethics will be strongest if it is grounded in a realistic understanding not only of the beneficial uses to which categories of virtue can be put but also of unintended uses to which virtue talk is susceptible and of tasks for which virtue thinking is less prepared.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"63 4","pages":"3-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

WHAT ARE “TEMPORALITIES” IN HISTORY? 什么是历史中的 "时间性"？在历史中？

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12353

Lucian Hölscher

引用次数: 0

THE EYE AND THE MIND: MARY CHEVES WEST PERKY, IMAGINATIVE PHENOMENOLOGY, AND THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF REVERSE HALLUCINATION 眼睛与心灵玛丽-切维斯-西佩尔基、想象现象学和反向幻觉史学

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12358

D. GRAHAM BURNETT

引用次数: 0

PAINTING HISTORY: PICTURE, WITNESS, AND ANCIENT HISTORIOGRAPHY 绘画历史：图画、见证和古代史学

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12350

LUUK DE BOER

{"title":"PAINTING HISTORY: PICTURE, WITNESS, AND ANCIENT HISTORIOGRAPHY","authors":"LUUK DE BOER","doi":"10.1111/hith.12350","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12350","url":null,"abstract":"This article treats an analogy that is used persistently in the history of historiography: the equation of historiography with painting and the identification of the historiographer with the painter. In examining the conceptual stakes of this (auto)identification, the article mobilizes the analogy in order to explore larger issues of historical theory and, through the prism of historical painting, reflects on the problem of representation and narrativist approaches to history as text. The article argues that the historiographic desire surfacing in a comparison with painting does not concern painting's ability to capture the past; rather, it concerns its ability to capture the viewer. Opening with a brief survey of the ut pictura historia analogy in the history of historiography, the article makes this claim by analyzing historiographical engagements with the analogy in antiquity (turning to Herodotus and Polybius) and by exploring ancient history painting itself (offering pride of place to the Alexander Mosaic). In thus engaging with the theory of historiography via concrete historical material, the article leverages a historical episode of interaction between textual media and visual media to find that they are structured by the same simple desire that continues to exert its force today: the desire to see for oneself.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"63 3","pages":"403-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE OPENING OF HISTORICAL FUTURES* 开启历史的未来*

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12352

Zoltán Boldizsár Simon, Marek Tamm

引用次数: 0

LANGUAGE—HISTORY—PRESENCE 语言-历史-存在

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12351

LUIGI ALONZI

{"title":"LANGUAGE—HISTORY—PRESENCE","authors":"LUIGI ALONZI","doi":"10.1111/hith.12351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.12351","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 This article deals with the use of language in historiography and with this usage's implications for the conception of history and the historiographical operation/practice. Whereas theorists of “presence” believe that “presence” and “reality” can be grasped in spoken language and written texts, thus generally considering them as a medium that enables access to a “reality” that lies beyond texts and language, I argue that language and texts should themselves be considered as a “reality.” We need to distinguish the process of “presentification” performed by words from the presence of language as a lexical and physical reality; though the two aspects are strictly connected, the presence of language needs to be emphasized as a lexical-semantic system and as a thing in the world. In this article, I consider language as a “living witness” of the narrated events; it is a presence in the moment that events occurred and a presence that is still present. We should think of language as we think of the material world around us—that is, as a transformed landscape that contains present and absent pasts. Historians of “presence” consider the meanings associated with language as a major obstacle obstructing the understanding of history in a new unmediated way; to some extent, this article is an attempt to hold meaning and presence together.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"63 3","pages":"366-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NARRATIVITY, EXPERIENCE, AND MEANING1 叙事性、经验与意义1

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12355

Ovidiu Stanciu

{"title":"NARRATIVITY, EXPERIENCE, AND MEANING1","authors":"Ovidiu Stanciu","doi":"10.1111/hith.12355","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12355","url":null,"abstract":"This review essay aims to reconstruct the main tenets of the “narrative constructivist” position defended by Kalle Pihlainen in his book titled Historia fallida and to lay out some of the ambiguities this position generates. I begin by exposing the core commitments underwriting this theoretical project and insist upon the centrality of the distinction between constructivism and constructionism and upon the arguments he advances against the contemporary approaches in the theory of history that advocate the idea of an experience or a presence of the past. Then, I outline the criticism he levels against the understanding of historians’ work as a “conversation with the past” and highlight that, on Pihlainen's account, a responsible historical enterprise must necessarily assume the unavailability of the past and, hence, the ontological distinction between the present and the past. In the final part of the essay, I formulate three interrogations with regard to the overall orientation of this project. First, drawing on Reinhart Koselleck's concept of a “historical nonsynchronicity,” I question the possibility of establishing a clear-cut separation between the past and the present and show that the present is never a homogenous field, for it entails different levels of temporality and a plurality of conflicting registers of meaning. Then, I challenge the description of the past as “a closed domain with no room for interaction.” Finally, I point out that the gap Pihlainen introduces between historical narratives and existential narratives cannot be maintained insofar as the historian's practice must be anthropologically grounded—that is, it must be understood as drawing on a narrative capacity (narrativeness) that belongs to the human life-form.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"63 3","pages":"452-460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141346044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

INVENTING THE ALPHABET: THE TECHNOLOGIES OF KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION 发明字母表：知识生产技术

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12356

JOHANNA DRUCKER

引用次数: 0

IF YOU COULD READ MY MIND: ON THE HISTORY OF MIND AND OTHER MATTERS 如果你能读懂我的心关于心灵史和其他问题

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12357

Chris Lorenz

{"title":"IF YOU COULD READ MY MIND: ON THE HISTORY OF MIND AND OTHER MATTERS","authors":"Chris Lorenz","doi":"10.1111/hith.12357","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12357","url":null,"abstract":"In The Primacy of Method in Historical Research: Philosophy of History and the Perspective of Meaning, Jonas Ahlskog presents a critical and lucid engagement with contemporary philosophies of history and makes a sustained case for a return to the ideas of history and social science as developed by R. G. Collingwood and Peter Winch. What philosophy needs again is, first, a recognition of the “primacy of method”—that is, the insight that what one knows about reality depends on how one knows it. Second, philosophers need to take “the duality of method” seriously again and to recognize that the modes of explanation in the human sciences and the natural sciences are categorically different from each other—especially now that this difference has been blurred in recent debates about the Anthropocene. Ahlskog's book is thus also a contribution to the classical debate about causal explanation versus meaningful understanding. On closer analysis, however, Ahlskog's “untimely meditations” on “historical method” suffer from an insufficient engagement with counterarguments. A first line of critique challenges the idea that human action cannot be explained causally. A second line of critique challenges the idea that all aspects of human action can be “understood,” because the unintended aspects and consequences of individual actions cannot. These require causal explanation. A third line of critique concerns Ahlskog's denial of the fundamental plurality of ideas of history and the social sciences. Squeezing this plurality into one philosophical mold comes at a price. Unintentionally, Ahlskog's “untimely meditations” also show that much.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"63 3","pages":"432-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

VALIDATING HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS: AN APPROACH FROM CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 验证历史解释：文化人类学的方法

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12354

LAWRENCE ROSEN

{"title":"VALIDATING HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS: AN APPROACH FROM CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY","authors":"LAWRENCE ROSEN","doi":"10.1111/hith.12354","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12354","url":null,"abstract":"Historians and anthropologists share a common problem of setting criteria for the validation of their interpretations. While many features are shared and explicit—for example, that a full range of data needs to be considered and that information should be reliably sourced—the actual criteria for assessing supportable interpretations are frequently left unexamined. Following consideration of schemes that have been put forth for validating interpretation in literature, this article considers the criteria applied to the history of an Indonesian town and those employed when scholars have revisited the site of a predecessor's research. Because no interpretation is without some theoretical backdrop, this article considers a particular theory of culture that may facilitate the refinement of standards. The criteria that are then suggested—conjuncture, scope, intersection, comparability, and self-accounting—may help to pinpoint not uniquely correct interpretations but better or worse ones. To test these criteria, this article briefly analyzes two case studies of both historical and anthropological concern: one relates to the history and organization of tribal-based polities and the other concerns the dispute over the circumstances surrounding the death of Captain James Cook. The article concludes that reinvigorating a conversation about such criteria can reinforce the shared interests of historians and anthropologists that have proven so fruitful to recent scholarship.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"63 3","pages":"384-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0