History and Theory最新文献_第5页

WHAT WE TALK ABOUT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT FASCISM 当我们谈论法西斯主义时，我们谈论的是什么？

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12330

Anna Duensing

{"title":"WHAT WE TALK ABOUT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT FASCISM","authors":"Anna Duensing","doi":"10.1111/hith.12330","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12330","url":null,"abstract":"Bruce Kuklick's Fascism Comes to America: A Century of Obsession in Politics and Culture offers a compact, accessible, and broad-reaching survey of “the linguistic career of fascism” in the United States. The book charts the widespread use of the term “fascism” across US political, cultural, and intellectual discourse from the early 1920s up through the present, arguing that rampant, uncritical overuse, outright abuse, and other hyperbolic deployments of the term have purged “fascism” of its analytic value and effectively negated its meaningful critical capacities. Moreover, Kuklick contends that this US “addiction to fascism” as a way to malign ideological and political enemies and express anxieties about the fragility of US democracy impedes accurate assessment of legitimate problems with the country's political system and traditions. This review essay offers a critical assessment of Kuklick's approach, interrogating what his narrow analytic focus on rhetoric and ideas misses and what nuance gets lost in declaring “fascism” a “political swear word” and little else. This thoroughly researched accounting of fascist invectives succeeds in showing that the term has consistently lacked reliable and substantive meaning, but as a survey, the book falters in collapsing its contexts, treating each and every usage of the term as equal and equally meaningless. Engaging with new scholarship on fascism, antifascism, and the modern US Right, as well as with Black radical political thought on fascism since the 1930s, this review essay challenges Kuklick's conclusion that the term “fascism” should be purged from public and intellectual discourse. In turn, it proposes a set of approaches for how we might continue our engagement with greater precision and analytic care.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"63 1","pages":"137-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE TIME OF POLITICS, THE POLITICS OF TIME, AND POLITICIZED TIME: AN INTRODUCTION TO CHRONOPOLITICS 政治的时间，时间的政治，政治化的时间:时间政治学导论

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12324

Fernando Esposito, Tobias Becker

{"title":"THE TIME OF POLITICS, THE POLITICS OF TIME, AND POLITICIZED TIME: AN INTRODUCTION TO CHRONOPOLITICS","authors":"Fernando Esposito, Tobias Becker","doi":"10.1111/hith.12324","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12324","url":null,"abstract":"Time is so deeply interwoven with all aspects of politics that its centrality to the political is frequently overlooked. For one, politics has its own times and rhythms. Secondly, time can be an object and an instrument of politics. Thirdly, temporal attributes are used not only to differentiate basic political principles but also to legitimize or delegitimize politics. Finally, politics aims at realizing futures in the present or preventing them from materializing. Consequently, the relationship between politics and time encompasses a broad spectrum of phenomena and processes that cry out for historicization. In our introduction to this History and Theory theme issue on chronopolitics, we argue that the concept of chronopolitics makes it possible to do this and, in the process, to move the operation of rethinking historical temporalities from the periphery toward the center of historiographical attention as well as to engage in a dialogue with scholars from a wide range of disciplines. To this end, we propose a broad concept of chronopolitics by discussing existing definitions, by distinguishing between three central dimensions of chronopolitics (the time of politics, the politics of time, and politicized time), and by systematizing possible approaches to studying chronopolitics.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"62 4","pages":"3-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE MANIFESTO, THE TIMELINE, AND THE MEMORY SITE: THE 22 JULY 2011 ATTACKS IN NORWAY AND THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF GENRE 宣言、时间线和记忆地点:2011年7月22日挪威袭击和类型的时间政治

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12329

Helge Jordheim

引用次数: 0

CAN A PREDICTED FUTURE STILL BE AN OPEN FUTURE? ALGORITHMIC FORECASTS AND ACTIONABILITY IN PRECISION MEDICINE* 预测的未来还是开放的未来吗？精准医疗中的算法预测和可操作性*

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12327

Elena Esposito, Dominik Hofmann, Costanza Coloni

引用次数: 0

THE TWILIGHT OF THE GODS? GENOMIC HISTORY AND THE RETURN OF RACE IN THE STUDY OF THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 诸神的黄昏？基因组历史与古代地中海研究中的种族回归

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12328

Christopher Stedman Parmenter

{"title":"THE TWILIGHT OF THE GODS? GENOMIC HISTORY AND THE RETURN OF RACE IN THE STUDY OF THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN","authors":"Christopher Stedman Parmenter","doi":"10.1111/hith.12328","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12328","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the impact of genomic history, a subdiscipline that emerged in the study of the ancient Mediterranean in the 2010s. In 2014, scientists first published a method for extracting genetic material, which they christened aDNA (ancient DNA), from ancient human remains in hot climates. After a decade of research, genomic history is now poised to transform our understanding of Mediterranean premodernity, centering migration and conflict as the key mechanisms for cultural change. Despite years of critique, aDNA researchers have failed to seriously examine the bioessentialist assumptions implicit in their work—a failure that has led many to deploy language that is strikingly evocative of pre-World War II racialism. Even worse, some genomic historians continue to make troubling overtures toward the ethnonationalist Right, which has been ascendant across Europe and North America since the 2010s. This article traces the intellectual genealogy of genomic history from World War II to the present, examines recent attempts to answer criticism from the humanities and social sciences, and suggests paths for responsible use of aDNA in historical and prehistorical scholarship.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"63 1","pages":"45-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PEASANTS, BRIGANDS, AND THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF THE NEW LEVIATHAN IN THE MEZZOGIORNO 农民，强盗，和新利维坦的时代政治

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12320

FERNANDO ESPOSITO

{"title":"PEASANTS, BRIGANDS, AND THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF THE NEW LEVIATHAN IN THE MEZZOGIORNO","authors":"FERNANDO ESPOSITO","doi":"10.1111/hith.12320","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12320","url":null,"abstract":"The image of a backward, archaic South whose barbarian population had remained at a low tier of civilization was a child of Italian unification. Not unlike the Orientalist East, the South that meridionalist discourse brought forth was a “chronotopos”—that is, a time-space that had supposedly remained in the past. The war against brigandage in the Mezzogiorno demonstrates the workings of the “politics of historicism.” This article first sheds some light on the grande brigantaggio and on the descriptions of the South that it generated among both contemporaries and later historians, such as Eric Hobsbawm. With the help of Pierre Clastres's and James C. Scott's political anthropology, it then attempts to uncover the structure beneath the “denial of coevalness.” It argues that the dichotomy between the “backward” and the “modern” was based on the political distinction between friend and enemy, which, in the age of historicism, was temporalized; that is, the temporal dichotomy of the savage and the civilized can be understood as the historicist variant of those “asymmetric counterconcepts” that have always served the state and its representatives to demarcate the corpus politicum from other political entities, to justify the state, and to praise the advantages of being governed. In conclusion, the article addresses the close interweaving of state and history, progress and civilization, in the historicist worldview and argues that it was this nexus of state and history that drove the mechanics of time-power.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"62 4","pages":"24-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

1989: THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF REVOLUTION 1989年:革命的年代政治

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12321

MARCUS COLLA, ADÉLA GJURIČOVÁ

{"title":"1989: THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF REVOLUTION","authors":"MARCUS COLLA, ADÉLA GJURIČOVÁ","doi":"10.1111/hith.12321","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12321","url":null,"abstract":"A failed effort at “reform from above” or a dramatic reassertion of “people power”? Almost thirty-five years on, studies of the Revolutions of 1989 continue to be framed by these two polarities. However, this historiographical focus has meant that scholars have often overlooked the actual content and character of protest itself. This article argues that one way of reinjecting agency and ideas back into our historical understanding of 1989 is through examining the chronopolitics of revolution: that is to say, by addressing how the control and interpretation of time became a political battlefield, a site of contention and negotiation, between Communist regimes, on the one hand, and political activists and society, on the other. Investigating events in the German Democratic Republic and Czechoslovakia, the article contains two central claims: first, that an interrogation of the concept of “chronopolitics” can provide a new angle by which to grasp the revolutionary character of “1989” and the democratic transformations that resulted and, second, by way of inversion, that a study of the temporal experiences across 1989 and the early 1990s can in turn shed light on the analytical value of “chronopolitics” more generally.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"62 4","pages":"45-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DECONSTRUCTING HISTORICIST TIME, OR TIME'S SCRIBE 解构历史主义的时间，或者时间的抄写员

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12326

Ethan Kleinberg

{"title":"DECONSTRUCTING HISTORICIST TIME, OR TIME'S SCRIBE","authors":"Ethan Kleinberg","doi":"10.1111/hith.12326","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12326","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 This article investigates the enduring chronopolitics of Historicism. To do so, I work through two dominant understandings of Historicism: the view that “historicism” is a means to account for the historian's own standpoint or historical situation as the place from which they take up and interpret the past, which I call Historicism A, and the separate (though now more popular) understanding of “historicism” that is derived from Karl Popper's The Poverty of Historicism, which I call Historicism B. I am less interested in what draws these varying definitions of Historicism apart and instead investigate a point of intersection in their understanding of time and temporality. Both strains serve politics via a concept of time as a neutral, uniform, and apolitical scale upon which any political or ideological agenda is enacted. Time here serves as the basis for historical explanation, but its neutrality, homogeneity, and extra-historicality are a trick. I employ Gérard Genette's analytic of the palimpsest, with the help of Nancy Partner, to expose the ways that Historicism allows the past to be rewritten and overwritten to political and ideological ends that the temporal construct conceals. This then enables me to work through the politics of Historicism and ultimately deconstruct Historicist time, demonstrating how the universal or eternal claims of Enlightenment or pre-Historicist thought are actually maintained in Historicism as the mechanism to advance political and ideological positions under the cloak of neutrality. In what follows, I make the temporal mechanism of Historicism explicit in order to expose the ethical failings that this mechanism conceals.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"62 4","pages":"105-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“WHAT HAS POSTERITY EVER DONE FOR ME?”: FUTURE GENERATIONS, INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE, AND THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF DISTANT FUTURES “子孙后代为我做过什么?”:未来世代，代际正义，以及遥远未来的时间政治

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12325

Benjamin Möckel

{"title":"“WHAT HAS POSTERITY EVER DONE FOR ME?”: FUTURE GENERATIONS, INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE, AND THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF DISTANT FUTURES","authors":"Benjamin Möckel","doi":"10.1111/hith.12325","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12325","url":null,"abstract":"“Future generations” play a key role in current political debates. In the context of the climate crisis especially, political controversies are often framed as moral problems of “intergenerational justice.” This article aims to historicize the use of the concept of “future generations” in modern political discourse and to uncover its long—and often ambivalent—history. Its main argument is that talking about “future generations” was part of an attempt to integrate (distant) futures into the political discourse of the time. The first part of the article outlines a theoretical perspective on the relationship between generations and temporalities. The second part focuses on how anticipating “future generations” became an important part of the history of utopian thinking and political planning in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, especially in the realm of demographic and economic discussions. The third part analyzes the emergence of “future ethics” and “intergenerational justice” as important political discourses in the 1970s. This part refers both to the academic debates about “future generations” and to the way political decision-makers used the concept to legitimize their policies. The article argues that the concept of “future generations” should not be taken as an ethical principle that transcended the political debates of the present. Rather, it was itself the result of intense political controversies.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"62 4","pages":"66-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

MEDIEVALISMS AND MEDIEVAL TIMES: CONFRONTING CHRONOPOLITICS WITH MEDIEVAL TEXTURES OF TIME 中世纪主义与中世纪：用中世纪的时间结构来面对时间政治

IF 1.1 2区历史学

History and Theory Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12322

Hannah Skoda

{"title":"MEDIEVALISMS AND MEDIEVAL TIMES: CONFRONTING CHRONOPOLITICS WITH MEDIEVAL TEXTURES OF TIME","authors":"Hannah Skoda","doi":"10.1111/hith.12322","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12322","url":null,"abstract":"This review essay examines Nadia R. Altschul's discussion of medievalism in nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century South America in Politics of Temporalization: Medievalism and Orientalism in Nineteenth‐Century South America. She explores a chronopolitics whereby the notion that late medieval Iberia lagged developmentally behind the rest of Europe sustained the claim that parts of South America were still medieval, even while capitalist modernity was established elsewhere. Her exploration of the instrumentalization of this trope for neocolonial and neoliberal purposes provokes my own exploration here of medieval ideas about time. Medieval people actually had very sophisticated ideas about time, and this complexity troubles the idea of a simplistic and dully repetitive medieval temporality on which the linear hierarchies of time analyzed and critiqued by Altschul rely. More than this, though, I suggest that medieval ideas of time provide us with alternative chronotopes in the sense of thinking through the relationships between time and space in very different ways; in turn, this might permit a different kind of chronopolitics. First, I explore the ways in which medieval people experienced and articulated multiple interwoven layers of time, de‐essentializing hierarchies of temporalities and puncturing the illusion that certain spaces should be associated with certain times. Second, I look at the ways in which time was not straightforwardly conceived of as linear in the Middle Ages and consider the ways in which this troubles ideas of periodization; a short discussion of nostalgia in different periods sustains this point. Third, I explore the ways in which ideas about time could be contested in the Middle Ages, challenging the idea that chronopolitics need just be a study of hegemonic attitudes.","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"62 4","pages":"142-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.12322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0