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FROM HOFSTADTER TO LEPORE: NATIONAL HISTORY FOR THE AMERICAN PUBLIC 从霍夫施塔特到莱波雷：美国公众的国家历史
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70001
David A. Hollinger
{"title":"FROM HOFSTADTER TO LEPORE: NATIONAL HISTORY FOR THE AMERICAN PUBLIC","authors":"David A. Hollinger","doi":"10.1111/hith.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nick Witham's <i>Popularizing the Past: Historians, Publishers, and Readers in Postwar America</i> provides cogent and accurate accounts of the careers of five American academic historians of the post-World War II era who won large popular audiences for national narratives: Richard Hofstadter, Daniel Boorstin, John Hope Franklin, Howard Zinn, and Gerda Lerner. Witham omits, without explanation, the highly relevant case of Oscar Handlin, author of the 1951 work <i>The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made America</i>. He also fails to engage the heavily Jewish ethnoreligious matrix of popular American historiography of the postwar era. In <i>Popularizing the Past</i>, Witham is directly concerned with today's challenges for writing popular national histories, and he argues that the very idea of a single, national audience has been rendered anachronistic by ideological polarization and media fragmentation. Whereas Witham insists that works resembling Jill Lepore's 2018 book <i>These Truths: A History of the United States</i> should no longer be attempted, he upholds Ibram X. Kendi's 2016 volume, <i>Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America</i>, as an example of what is appropriate today: a narrative for a certain community of readers, and not for other readers. Witham's essentially sound account of major features of postwar American writings about history is marred by his jejune comments about the early twenty-first century. He leaves us with only a shadow of the witness that each of Witham's subject-historians bore with distinction to the mission of discovering and disseminating the truth about American history in the interests of a national community.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PREAMBULAR HISTORY: THE VIEW OF THE PAST IN KEY HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS 序言部分历史：主要人权文书对过去的看法
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70000
Antoon De Baets
{"title":"PREAMBULAR HISTORY: THE VIEW OF THE PAST IN KEY HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS","authors":"Antoon De Baets","doi":"10.1111/hith.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article claims that the preambles of foundational human rights instruments, taken together, articulate a consistent view of the past. This view is firmly rooted in historical processes, embedded in metaphysical truths, and enacted in service of the future. Part 1 assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the “preambular approach to history” and selects four instruments from a group of twenty-two: the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Genocide Convention, and the International Criminal Court Statute. Part 2 reconstructs the discussions during which the historical recitals in the preambles of these instruments emerged. Part 3 analyzes these findings. In writing the historical recitals, the drafters of these key instruments opted for either the approach of the contemporary historian (the “recent history approach”) or the approach of the philosopher of history (“the holistic approach”). Both approaches are explained and compared. The conclusion contains a thought experiment in which the human rights view of the past embedded in these historical recitals is articulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"3-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HISTORICAL REALITY: A MANIFESTO 历史现实：一份宣言
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70028
F. R. Ankersmit
{"title":"HISTORICAL REALITY: A MANIFESTO","authors":"F. R. Ankersmit","doi":"10.1111/hith.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the times of Herodotus and Thucydides until deep into the eighteenth century, the eyewitness account (or “autopsy”) was the model for historical knowledge. The eighteenth-century Historical Revolution replaced this emphasis on autopsy by introducing the notion of the point of view, as explicated in Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's <i>Monadology</i>. That notion radically separated the historian's present from the world of the eyewitness's past. Historical knowledge was, from this point on, essentially <i>ex post facto</i>, and autopsy was reduced to the status of that which offers essentially questionable historical evidence. This amounted to the greatest revolution in Western historical thought, and it led to the birth of historist professional writing as it still exists today. Unfortunately, after the 1850s, historist reflection on professional historical writing was abandoned for a neo-Kantian approach. Since then, many other approaches have been tried out on professional historical writing; pragmatism is the most recent variant. None of these approaches produced lasting results, nor are any such results to be expected. Results were never cumulative: Each time the blackboard was wiped clean again in order to write a new attempt. This is because historical writing must be seen from its historist inside and not from an external perspective. This article is a manifesto that invites philosophers of history to recognize that historist professional historical writing was born from Leibniz's <i>Monadology</i> and that Leibniz's thought is, therefore, the inside of its inside. Accepting this is necessary in order to bring about a more fruitful and, above all, more interesting philosophy of history than we've had for almost two centuries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"83-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HISTORICAL REALITY: A MANIFESTO 历史现实：一份宣言
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70028
F. R. Ankersmit
{"title":"HISTORICAL REALITY: A MANIFESTO","authors":"F. R. Ankersmit","doi":"10.1111/hith.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the times of Herodotus and Thucydides until deep into the eighteenth century, the eyewitness account (or “autopsy”) was the model for historical knowledge. The eighteenth-century Historical Revolution replaced this emphasis on autopsy by introducing the notion of the point of view, as explicated in Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's <i>Monadology</i>. That notion radically separated the historian's present from the world of the eyewitness's past. Historical knowledge was, from this point on, essentially <i>ex post facto</i>, and autopsy was reduced to the status of that which offers essentially questionable historical evidence. This amounted to the greatest revolution in Western historical thought, and it led to the birth of historist professional writing as it still exists today. Unfortunately, after the 1850s, historist reflection on professional historical writing was abandoned for a neo-Kantian approach. Since then, many other approaches have been tried out on professional historical writing; pragmatism is the most recent variant. None of these approaches produced lasting results, nor are any such results to be expected. Results were never cumulative: Each time the blackboard was wiped clean again in order to write a new attempt. This is because historical writing must be seen from its historist inside and not from an external perspective. This article is a manifesto that invites philosophers of history to recognize that historist professional historical writing was born from Leibniz's <i>Monadology</i> and that Leibniz's thought is, therefore, the inside of its inside. Accepting this is necessary in order to bring about a more fruitful and, above all, more interesting philosophy of history than we've had for almost two centuries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"83-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE CONTENT OF THE NARRATIVE 叙述的内容
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70020
Serge Grigoriev
{"title":"THE CONTENT OF THE NARRATIVE","authors":"Serge Grigoriev","doi":"10.1111/hith.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In <i>The Exemplifying Past: A Philosophy of History</i>, Chiel van den Akker presents a compelling argument for understanding historical narrative as an instrument of historical cognition rather than as a literary device or an artifact. In the first part of this review essay, I present and explicate van den Akker's sophisticated and lucid account of the content of the narrative as that which comes into view when we adopt the thesis (or perspective) embodied in the composition of the narrative (considered in its entirety). In the second part, I raise some questions concerning van den Akker's attempt to express the resulting conception of the narrative and its meaning in terms borrowed from the analytic philosophy of language, giving rise to what van den Akker calls a “pragmatist theory of narrative truth.” This second part of the essay concludes by suggesting two alternative (potentially simpler) formulations of the pertinent semantic and pragmatic distinctions and relationships that may be worth exploring or evaluating alongside van den Akker's original proposal. I conclude this review essay by questioning whether a sustained engagement with philosophy of language in general constitutes a necessary (or even a promising) way to advance our understanding of cognitive problems in the philosophy of history.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FROM HOFSTADTER TO LEPORE: NATIONAL HISTORY FOR THE AMERICAN PUBLIC 从霍夫施塔特到莱波雷：美国公众的国家历史
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70001
David A. Hollinger
{"title":"FROM HOFSTADTER TO LEPORE: NATIONAL HISTORY FOR THE AMERICAN PUBLIC","authors":"David A. Hollinger","doi":"10.1111/hith.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nick Witham's <i>Popularizing the Past: Historians, Publishers, and Readers in Postwar America</i> provides cogent and accurate accounts of the careers of five American academic historians of the post-World War II era who won large popular audiences for national narratives: Richard Hofstadter, Daniel Boorstin, John Hope Franklin, Howard Zinn, and Gerda Lerner. Witham omits, without explanation, the highly relevant case of Oscar Handlin, author of the 1951 work <i>The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made America</i>. He also fails to engage the heavily Jewish ethnoreligious matrix of popular American historiography of the postwar era. In <i>Popularizing the Past</i>, Witham is directly concerned with today's challenges for writing popular national histories, and he argues that the very idea of a single, national audience has been rendered anachronistic by ideological polarization and media fragmentation. Whereas Witham insists that works resembling Jill Lepore's 2018 book <i>These Truths: A History of the United States</i> should no longer be attempted, he upholds Ibram X. Kendi's 2016 volume, <i>Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America</i>, as an example of what is appropriate today: a narrative for a certain community of readers, and not for other readers. Witham's essentially sound account of major features of postwar American writings about history is marred by his jejune comments about the early twenty-first century. He leaves us with only a shadow of the witness that each of Witham's subject-historians bore with distinction to the mission of discovering and disseminating the truth about American history in the interests of a national community.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ORIGAMI PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY 折纸哲学的历史
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/hith.12386
Martin Jay
{"title":"ORIGAMI PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY","authors":"Martin Jay","doi":"10.1111/hith.12386","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.12386","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drawing on Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's monadological metaphysics, with its nominalist emphasis on the integrity of the individual, the eminent Dutch philosopher of history Franklin Rudolf Ankersmit proposes a radically new interpretation of the way historical representations create “historical reality” based on the “death” of the no longer actual past. <i>Representation: The Birth of Historical Reality from the Death of the Past</i> is an unapologetically baroque exercise that seeks to fashion a unified argument by drawing on the most diverse of elements. Gilles Deleuze's emphasis on the importance of the “fold” in his study of Leibniz and the baroque gives us an insight into the origami figure that results, a figure that is circular, closed on itself, and impermeable. After attempting to reconstruct the logic of Ankersmit's convoluted argument, this review article raises questions about his claim that the past can ever be unequivocally “dead,” his reliance on Leibniz's “principle of sufficient reason” to justify “historical rationality,” and his hope that historicism can be revived on the basis of a monadological metaphysics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"115-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ON HISTORICAL (ANTI-)REALISM 论历史（反）现实主义
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70023
João Ohara
{"title":"ON HISTORICAL (ANTI-)REALISM","authors":"João Ohara","doi":"10.1111/hith.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The problem of historical realism has gained some new momentum recently, with a fresh challenge to what is taken to be an anti-realist hegemony in the theory and philosophy of history. Unfortunately, this has also provided the opportunity for the reheating of old polemics and lazy scholarship that characterized the 1990s reaction to “postmodernism.” Ill-defined questions distract us from more important issues. Here, I offer a map that aims to clarify the conceptual space. I distinguish between a metaphysical problem, which is the problem of <i>historical realism</i> proper, and an epistemological problem, which is sometimes treated under the same phrase but is more adequately called the problem of <i>historical skepticism</i>. I then consider what the targets of each of these discussions are and map the conceptual space of possibilities in them.</p>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"58-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ON HISTORICAL (ANTI-)REALISM 论历史（反）现实主义
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70023
João Ohara
{"title":"ON HISTORICAL (ANTI-)REALISM","authors":"João Ohara","doi":"10.1111/hith.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The problem of historical realism has gained some new momentum recently, with a fresh challenge to what is taken to be an anti-realist hegemony in the theory and philosophy of history. Unfortunately, this has also provided the opportunity for the reheating of old polemics and lazy scholarship that characterized the 1990s reaction to “postmodernism.” Ill-defined questions distract us from more important issues. Here, I offer a map that aims to clarify the conceptual space. I distinguish between a metaphysical problem, which is the problem of <i>historical realism</i> proper, and an epistemological problem, which is sometimes treated under the same phrase but is more adequately called the problem of <i>historical skepticism</i>. I then consider what the targets of each of these discussions are and map the conceptual space of possibilities in them.</p>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"58-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PREAMBULAR HISTORY: THE VIEW OF THE PAST IN KEY HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS 序言部分历史：主要人权文书对过去的看法
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
History and Theory Pub Date : 2026-02-23 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1111/hith.70000
Antoon De Baets
{"title":"PREAMBULAR HISTORY: THE VIEW OF THE PAST IN KEY HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS","authors":"Antoon De Baets","doi":"10.1111/hith.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hith.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article claims that the preambles of foundational human rights instruments, taken together, articulate a consistent view of the past. This view is firmly rooted in historical processes, embedded in metaphysical truths, and enacted in service of the future. Part 1 assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the “preambular approach to history” and selects four instruments from a group of twenty-two: the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Genocide Convention, and the International Criminal Court Statute. Part 2 reconstructs the discussions during which the historical recitals in the preambles of these instruments emerged. Part 3 analyzes these findings. In writing the historical recitals, the drafters of these key instruments opted for either the approach of the contemporary historian (the “recent history approach”) or the approach of the philosopher of history (“the holistic approach”). Both approaches are explained and compared. The conclusion contains a thought experiment in which the human rights view of the past embedded in these historical recitals is articulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47473,"journal":{"name":"History and Theory","volume":"65 1","pages":"3-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hith.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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