{"title":"Three Dimensions of Care and Their Relationships With Caring, Inclusive, and Toxic Masculinity","authors":"Susanne YP Choi, Alicia M. Barry","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jftr.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Are men becoming more caring? Is masculinity evolving to align with the ethics and principles of care? Drawing on literature on care work, the ethics of care, and the four principles of bioethics, we identify three dimensions of care: as work, as ethical frameworks emphasizing empathy and compassion, and as moral principles such as non-maleficence (i.e., do no harm). We then examine how these dimensions intersect with shifts in masculinity and men's roles in caregiving. While earlier scholarship often depicted care as central to femininity and incompatible with masculinity, recent research on new fatherhood, caring masculinity, and inclusive masculinity suggests that some men are adopting more relational and empathetic identities. Simultaneously, the global rise of toxic masculinity represents a clear rejection of care. This article presents a nuanced view of the evolving relationship between masculinity and care and argues for multifaceted, contextual, and intersectional analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"343-353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jftr.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nebi Sümer, F. Umut Beşpınar, Anna Sieben, Zeynep Beşpınar, Ladin Gürdal, Öznur Uşaklılar, Zeynep Kapısız, Ezel Üsten
{"title":"Effects of Paternal Unemployment on Family Dynamics and Well-Being: A Systematic Review","authors":"Nebi Sümer, F. Umut Beşpınar, Anna Sieben, Zeynep Beşpınar, Ladin Gürdal, Öznur Uşaklılar, Zeynep Kapısız, Ezel Üsten","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hegemonic masculinity theory suggests that unemployment undermines fathers' social identity and well-being, given the association between masculinity, paid employment, and breadwinning. This systematic review of 74 studies published between 1980 and 2024 examined six domains on the effects of paternal unemployment: psychological and physical well-being, children's academic and cognitive outcomes, fertility, parental involvement and caregiving, gender roles, and cultural adaptation. Almost 40% of the studies used longitudinal designs, providing stronger evidence about how unemployment influences family dynamics over time. Findings indicate that masculinities, cultural context, and immigration status shape how unemployed fathers interpret and respond to job loss, affecting caregiving and family roles. The most marked adverse effects were on psychological well-being and parenting, particularly among immigrant fathers, although unemployment sometimes increased their involvement. We found that 90% of studies were conducted in the Global North, limiting generalizability and underscoring the need for research that addresses structural and social barriers in non-Western populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"407-422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jftr.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amber J. Majeske, Sonia Molloy, Mary Marshall, Áine Humble, Madison N. Jacques, Jeremy Yorgason
{"title":"Family Gerontology, Fatherhood, and Masculinity: Enduring Impacts of Fathers and Adult Children","authors":"Amber J. Majeske, Sonia Molloy, Mary Marshall, Áine Humble, Madison N. Jacques, Jeremy Yorgason","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the intertwined nature of aging, fatherhood, and masculinities, research rarely integrates these perspectives to understand fathers' relationships with their adult children. This review brings these disciplines together, encompassing 15 years of scholarship (2009–2023) in family gerontology and examining articles on fathering adult children (<i>n</i> = 4 articles) and articles that included mothers and fathers to extrapolate the findings for fathers (<i>n</i> = 66 articles). Fathering content was coalesced into the following categories: (a) fathering satisfaction and relationship quality, (b) fathering involvement, (c) fathering and health, and (d) fathering in adverse family conditions. Together, these categories illuminated how fathering continues as a dynamic practice across adulthood, how masculinities shape paternal engagement and vulnerability, and how fathers' later-life relationships with children contribute to broader understandings of aging families. This scoping review highlights gaps, identifies emerging directions, and clarifies the need for more theorizing and research at the intersections of family gerontology, fathering, and masculinities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"394-406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jftr.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fathers Are Frightened but May Not Know It: Considering Masculinity and Attachment When Working With Fathers in Family Therapy","authors":"Allen K. Sabey, Jakob F. Jensen, Brandon Jacobs","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jftr.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the often-unacknowledged emotional realities in theory and practice around masculinities and fatherhood, working with fathers in family therapy needs ongoing attention. Therapists' efforts can be enhanced through attending to how men and fathers may have been socialized towards restrictive masculine ideologies (e.g., devaluing emotional experience) and how relevant behavioral patterns, contextualized in gender privilege, are perpetuated through the internal experience of men being afraid but not knowing it. We offer an attachment and emotion framework for masculine socialization and clinically working with men and fathers; that is, fathers' caregiving instincts and capacity to provide development-promoting care for their children are thwarted because they are constrained by their legitimate fear of their emotions. We review the literature on working with men and fathers in therapy (which is primarily on cisgender men), recommend ways to strengthen this aspect of therapy, drawing from the framework of attachment theory, and recognize the need for a more inclusive framework to address the heterogeneity of being a man and father.</p>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"328-342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jftr.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Having a House but Not a Home: A Critical Reflection on Prioritizing Youth Perspectives and Well-Being in Research on Family Structural Transitions","authors":"Todd M. Jensen","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jftr.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Having a house but not a home</i> is a metaphor that aligns with themes I highlight in this critical reflection on the personal, professional, and political experiences that have shaped who I am and fueled my scholarship centering youth perspectives and well-being in the context of family structural transitions. Rooted in feminist reflexive analysis and life course theory, I outline components of my personal life that catalyzed my career as a family scientist. I then discuss elements of my professional training to which my scholarship and academic identity have been firmly anchored. Along the way, I also attend to the political, attempting earnestly to articulate and critique issues of power and their institutional engines that have shaped both my personal and professional experiences. Finally, I seek to bring it all together, striving to unearth the authentic core of who I am and what motivates me as a family scientist.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"423-431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Ego to Eco: A Theory U Framework for Understanding Parental Transformation in Families of Children With Behavioral Problems","authors":"Lior Y. Somech","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jftr.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article introduces the first systematic adaptation of Scharmer's Theory U to the parenting domain, offering an innovative theoretical framework for understanding parental transformation in families of children with behavioral problems. Transformative change is conceptualized as a U-shaped developmental journey from ego-based, reactive caregiving toward eco-based, relationally attuned parenting. Four developmental phases represent core psychological dimensions in parental transformation, with transitions facilitated by key capacities in regulation, vulnerability, cooperation, and fluctuation. By integrating attachment, mentalization, and polyvagal theories, the framework synthesizes disparate approaches into a unified conceptual model. The framework posits that meaningful parenting change involves not only skill acquisition but deeper shifts in presence and meaning-making, enabling new parent–child dynamics that support behavioral improvement. The framework advances family science by illuminating how parental consciousness evolves from reactive patterns to integrative, relation-centered capacities. Clinical implementation requires individualized assessment recognizing families' diverse cultural contexts, attachment histories, and developmental starting points.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"90-104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond Acceptance and Rejection: A Caregiving Conceptualization for Understanding Parental Responses to Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Children","authors":"Jun Wei Liow, Yu-Te Huang","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jftr.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We introduce a triadic caregiving model—matched care, misguided care, and withdrawn care—to complement the parental acceptance and rejection conceptualization. While the binary conceptualization captures the behavioral responses and mental health impacts of parental reactions to LGB children, parents' motivations and narratives are often overlooked. Gaining insight into these motivations can enhance engagement strategies and identify opportunities for strengthening and rebuilding parent–child relationships. Grounded in attachment theory and emotionally focused family therapy, the proposed triadic model directs attention toward the caregiving intentions behind parental behaviors and their alignment with the child's attachment needs: (a) Matched care describes attuned and affirming behaviors; (b) misguided care captures over-involved or controlling actions based on misinformation; and (c) withdrawn care reflects emotionally distant responses stemming from personal distress or self-protection. By reframing parental responses as caregiving strategies, whether effective or misaligned, this model offers a compassionate and actionable lens for understanding parent–child dynamics. It has practical implications for clinical work and research by supporting more individualized, systemic, and reparative interventions that promote family reconciliation and stronger relational bonds following an LGB child's coming out.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"105-117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intergenerational Trauma in Refugee Families: A Scoping Review of Contextual and Systemic Perspectives","authors":"Zamzam Dini, Kadija Mussa","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jftr.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This scoping review analyzed 18 current research articles to identify how scholars conceptualize and use theory to understand trauma transmission in refugee family systems. Analysis of theory and results across this body of literature resulted in several significant findings. First, there is inconsistency in how researchers define and operationalize trauma. As a result, evidence of trauma transmission and pathways is also inconsistent. Second, although these articles aim to understand trauma in refugee families, the only family constellations represented are mother–child dyads, leaving out fathers and families with multiple children. Future research should overcome these limitations by integrating systemic perspectives, relational measures, and interdisciplinary approaches. Using innovative methodologies and culturally grounded theories will enable researchers to produce more inclusive and impactful studies on this critical topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"192-208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jftr.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleanor J. Junkins, Jaime Derringer, Brian G. Ogolsky, Jennifer L. Hardesty, Yanna Weisberg
{"title":"Measures of Relationship Power Dynamics in Romantic Relationships","authors":"Eleanor J. Junkins, Jaime Derringer, Brian G. Ogolsky, Jennifer L. Hardesty, Yanna Weisberg","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jftr.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Power is central to understanding romantic relationship dynamics. Yet, the study of relationship power lacks consistent measurement or agreement on the latent construct. Valid measurement is essential to align theory and research and increase the likelihood of replicability and comparability between studies. We reviewed all power measures published in empirical articles (<i>k</i> = 319) before 2022. We categorized measures into nine categories based on operationalizations, theoretical considerations, and common themes. The most commonly studied aspects of power were sexual relationship power, structural power, and general relationship power. We also summarized the study topics and sample characteristics to investigate when different types of power measures were used. We discussed how the categories of power fit into existing theories to organize and motivate future research. To establish best measurement practices, further work should test the validity of power measures, establish correlates of power, and use these findings to refine existing theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"170-191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jftr.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"East Asian Family Ethics in Crisis: Hegelian Analysis of Meritocracy Versus Warmth Logics","authors":"Dan Zhu, Hao Zhao, Xueying Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jftr.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jftr.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We employ Hegel's dialectical phenomenological method to conceptualize <i>meritocracy logic</i> (valuing performance through quantifiable metrics) and <i>warmth logic</i> (sustaining cohesion through emotional bonds) as interpretive paradigms for East Asian families. Analyzing regional crises through Hegelian dialectics, we reveal that the negation of warmth by meritocracy causes the dissolution of the <i>ethical entity</i> (the family's ethical foundation). To resolve this, we propose cognitive restructuring, rebuilding community, and establishing an <i>ethical division of labor</i>—a degendered concept reconceptualized from Hegel's <i>ethical gender</i> via Butler's theory. Our dialectical reconstruction aims to synthesize meritocracy and warmth, providing theoretical and practical pathways to reshape family ethics in East Asia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Theory & Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"148-157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}