Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo最新文献

{"title":"Mediation services for resolving business disputes","authors":"Ia. Petrunenko","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.31","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the issue of online business dispute resolution (ODR) as a legal phenomenon. Special attention is paid to the analysis of online platforms that have proven themselves positively. Examples of domestic developments are also given. In modern conditions caused by globalization, the disappearance of borders and the formation of the world Internet community, the legal sphere undergoes transformations for effective functioning. The technological revolution, especially after the increased interest in Bitcoin, has opened up new opportunities for alternative dispute resolution in the online environment. Online mediation, online arbitration and even arbitration using the blockchain technology used in cryptocurrency have appeared. These forms of ODR are becoming increasingly popular. In situations where regulatory rules are created in the Internet space without the use of public legal instruments, self-regulation of relations on the Internet occurs. Often, such a process arises due to the need to regulate new objects of social relations, which at the state or transnational level can take a lot of time. The resolution of business disputes through online platforms is particularly relevant in connection with the Russian war of aggression, which significantly complicated the work of the courts.Thus, Internet service participants can create their own rules, and to ensure their functioning and protection, an online dispute resolution institute is necessary. The article defines the concept of ODR and analyzes its characteristics. Specific examples of the use of ODR in the practice of well-known Internet companies are also given. Advantages and disadvantages of ODR are considered, factors affecting the effectiveness of this method of dispute resolution are analyzed. The article also describes the types of online dispute resolution, in particular, online arbitration, online mediation and online negotiations are considered in detail. On the basis of the conducted research, a conclusion is made about the prerequisites for the development and popularization of online dispute resolution and the importance of ODR for self-regulation of relations is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of legal regulation of certain contractual constructions: legal regulation of contracts in the IT sphere","authors":"С.H. Popovych","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.25","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific approaches to defining the concept of contracts in the IT sphere. The specifics of the legal regulation of these contracts are revealed. An analysis of the current Ukrainian legislation in this area was carried out. The main issues of contractual regulation of IT relations in Ukraine have been identified. The legal nature of contracts in the field of IT law and methods of legal protection of the relevant institutes are considered.It is noted that the existing legal acts are outdated and irrelevant in our time. Some normative acts are formed as an entrapment to worsen the legal status. Separately, we will consider such an important point as the registration of labour relations in the sphere of IT, since it affects both employers and employees in this field. Some scholars argue that IT contracts should be concluded according to the principle of an employment contract, as this gives employees additional guarantees of rights and minimizes the deterioration of the situation. Also, foreign experience quite often emphasizes that the use of outsourcing, outstaffing, and staff leasing in companies is quite common.This paper contains relevant issues and compares the regulation of these relations at the international level. If attention is focused and this issue is actively implemented at the national level, it will become another source of income for the state budget, which will have a positive effect on the country’s economic situation during the state of war.The subject of the contract is also a particularly significant aspect in this area. It is necessary to define the subject of this contract as thoroughly as possible and to correctly and efficiently distribute intellectual property rights.The difference between a civil law contract and a contract in the informational sphere is considered. Furthermore, the issue of tax planning in this area arises repeatedly. It includes the choice of the system of taxation of IT business in Ukraine, which will directly correspond to the volume and nature of works and services that a certain company is going to dispose.The recent domestic case law on this issues has been analyzed. Court decisions that analyzed the legal nature of the contract itself. Types and subtypes of contracts in the IT sphere and current registration of IT workers are also analyzed.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grounds for restricting the right to secrecy of correspondence in the conditions of a state of emergency and martial law in Ukraine: theoretical and practical aspects of implementation","authors":"A.V. Levchenko","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the legislative consolidation of the grounds for restricting the right to secrecy of correspondence in the conditions of a state of emergency and martial law in Ukraine and the practice of its application. It has been established that the right to the secrecy of correspondence is not absolute and may be limited in cases defined by legislation, in particular, in the conditions of special legal regimes - a state of emergency or martial law. However, it is determined that the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine only provide for the possibility of restricting the right to confidentiality of correspondence, telephone conversations, telegraphic and other correspondence under the conditions of special legal regimes and, accordingly, this constitutional norm has a generalized nature. Therefore, for a detailed study of this issue, the author reviewed and analyzed the current national legislation on special legal regimes and restrictions on human rights and freedoms during their operation. The article examines the decrees of the President of Ukraine on the introduction of states of emergency and martial law in Ukraine in connection with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation in order to limit the right to secrecy of correspondence. Based on the analysis of the above-mentioned legislation, the author summarized and formulated a list of grounds on which temporary restriction of the right to the secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations, telegraphic and other correspondence is allowed in conditions of emergency and martial law. In addition, a number of problematic aspects in the legislation on special legal regimes have been singled out, the presence of which negatively affects the practice of its application in the field of ensuring the right to secrecy of correspondence in conditions of war and emergency. Therefore, the author provided reasonable recommendations for the improvement of such legal norms, the implementation of which will protect the constitutional right to secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations, telegraphic and other correspondence in the conditions of special legal regimes from illegal and excessive restrictions.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of criminal liability for intentional and negligent destruction or damage of objects of the plant world: foreign experience, national perspectives","authors":"R.A. Movchan","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.59","url":null,"abstract":"The article is aimed at obtaining a scientifically based answer to the question of the expediency of differentiating responsibility for intentional and negligent destruction or damage to objects of plant life (Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).It is noted that the parliamentarians of absolutely all analyzed countries took a unanimous position on the need to differentiate responsibility for, on the one hand, the destruction or damage of forests (or objects of the plant world in general), which was the result of careless handling of fire or other sources of increased danger, and , on the other hand, for the destruction or damage of objects of plant life, committed either by arson only, or also by explosion or other generally dangerous method. At the same time, the position of the parliamentarians, who, taking into account the extremely high danger of the aforementioned arson or other intentional acts of general danger, are considered to be the most justified, recognize such behavior as criminally illegal, regardless of the amount of damage caused by it (formal composition), which, while not affecting criminalization, is at the same time recognized as a factor of differentiation responsibility; as for careless handling of fire, given the objectively lower degree of public danger of these actions, criminal liability for their commission arises only if certain consequences occur.Separate court decisions are also cited, in which, according to the same norm (Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), objectively different manifestations of careless and intentional destruction or damage to plant life, which differ in the degree of public danger, are qualified.As a result of writing the article, a general conclusion is made about the need to differentiate criminal liability for, on the one hand, the intentional destruction/damage of plant life objects committed by arson, and, on the other hand, the destruction/ damage of plant life objects that were the result of careless handling fire or other sources of increased danger.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reservation of the right to participate in public procurement procedures for social and professional integration of veterans and other disadvantaged persons as a legal means of promoting justice in society","authors":"V.K. Malolitneva, R.A. Dzhabrailov","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.30","url":null,"abstract":"The present article is dedicated to the potential use of public procurement as a means of establishing justice in society and the implementation of social policy goals, particularly regarding the professional and social integration of war veterans and other disadvantaged persons. It is emphasized that one of the mechanisms for realizing these goals is the reservation of the right to participate in public procurement for certain categories of economic operators. The paper highlights the experience of the EU in reserving the right to participate in procurement, as provided for in Article 20 of Directive 2014/24/EU on public procurement. Special consideration is given to the fact that the use of the concept of “indigent persons” in translations of Directive 2014/24/EU into Ukrainian narrows the purpose of this norm. Therefore, it is proposed to use the concept of “disadvantaged persons” along with the concept of “disabled persons”. The authors suggest envisaging in the Law of Ukraine “On Public Procurement” a provision regarding the reservation by contracting authorities of the right to participate in procurement for specified economic operators, with the purpose of promoting the social and professional integration of disabled and disadvantaged persons. Furthermore, the authors propose the possibility of such reservation in the context of implementing relevant sheltered employment programmes as it is provided by the Directive 2014/24/EU. Based on the experience of the EU Member States, it is concluded that war veterans, as defined in the Law of Ukraine “On the Status of War Veterans, Guarantees, and Their Social Protection”, can be covered by the concept of “disadvantaged persons” and can benefit from the reservation of public procurement contracts. It is proposed not to define the list of disadvantaged persons as exhaustive, considering that in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction, such individuals may include family members of fallen soldiers, women and young people returning from abroad, internally displaced persons, and others based on the priorities of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine. It was emphasized on the important requirement for economic operators to use the right of participation in reserved procurement, in particular the main purpose of their activity, which can be confirmed – social and professional integration of war veterans or other disadvantaged persons. Furthermore, suggestions have been developed to ensure non-discrimination and compliance with international obligations when introducing provisions regarding reserved procurement contracts in domestic legislation.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violation of the standards of international humanitarian law in the conditions of russian armed aggression","authors":"O. Tsarenko, B. Tichna, T. Fedchuk","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.94","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the issue of the ineffectiveness of norms of international humanitarian law during modern armed conflicts, the content of certain norms of the Geneva Conventions with the aim of improving the international legal regulation of the status of victims of armed conflicts. An analysis of international legal acts and national acts adopted in Ukraine after the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, which are aimed at improving the status of victims of the armed conflict, has been carried out. Attention is drawn to the fact that the russian-Ukrainian war qualifies as an international armed conflict, in which, in accordance with the norms of international humanitarian law, the combatants are given the status of prisoners of war. At the same time, russia grants them the status of “persons opposing a special military operation” without guaranteeing the protection of the rights of prisoners of war, does not distinguish the status of civilians in an armed conflict, which is a significant violation of the norms of international humanitarian law. It is proposed to adopt the conventional norms of international humanitarian law in terms of regulating the exchange of prisoners of war.Different definitions that denote certain vulnerable categories of the civilian population during an armed conflict are analyzed in relation to the definition of “indirect victims of an armed conflict”. Proposals for the creation of a coordinating body that would take care of the issues of indirect victims of the armed conflict, the development of an effective compensation mechanism for destroyed or damaged property during armed aggression, and the determination of the legal status of persons who have been deprived of personal freedom as a result of armed aggression against Ukraine are supported. Today, international and national legislation is clear on the appointment - who should be taken into account by the persons who suffered in the wake of the violent aggression. It is concluded that the norms of international humanitarian law need to be updated and revised for their future observance and implementation by all subjects of international law.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space Law, Subjects and Jurisdictions: pre-1963 period","authors":"V.K. Marinich, M.I. Myklush","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.90","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a continuation of an extensive study of the process and results of the regulation of space activities over the period from 1958 to the present, the purpose of which is a deep analysis of international documents adopted over the entire period of space activities.The article is focused on an attempt to answer some controversial or unresolved issues related to the regulation of relations in outer space and on celestial bodies.Thus, for example, there are still many different theories and discussions on the topic: Does space law exist or not, and provided it exists, what documents can be attributed to its sources? Who can be the founder of space law, and to what extent? What can be the subjects and objects of space activities and space law? And, of course, one of the most important issues is the question of the jurisdictions of subjects of space activities and space law.To understand this, it is necessary to return to the origins of the process of regulating space activities, namely, during the period 1958-1963 years, when the technical exploration of outer space and celestial bodies had just begun and the first and most important documents in this area were adopted, namely, the first Resolutions and UN Declaration.Based on the analysis of these documents and the circumstances in which they were created, as well as taking into account the various opinions of scientists and the basic postulates of the theory of law, and even taking into account some philosophical aspects of human nature, this article attempts to define and describe the essence of space law, existing and possible spatial and territorial jurisdictions and also the subject-object composition of partici-pants in space activities.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a systematic approach in the development and use of information methods for the study of crime","authors":"O. Fedorov","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.68","url":null,"abstract":"Combating crime should be based on the principles of criminological science. Therefore, the formation of the theory of criminology remains an urgent need. And the development of information methods for the study of crime is one of the primary tasks of specialists.The task of the article is to substantiate the expediency of applying a systematic approach to the study of information methods for the study of crime in criminological science. The purpose of the article is to form the basis of the criminological theory of crime prevention measures.The following elements are asserted as the subject of criminological science: 1) toolkit of criminological research; 2) crime; 3) determination of criminality; 4) the identity of the criminal; 5) mechanism of individual criminal behavior; 6) crime prevention.The methodological basis of the research is the understanding of the global mega system, where the informational aspect is always manifested in the objectification of material and energy processes. Here, all processes are based on information, and the organization, functionality and interaction of system objects are determined by information.The system approach is a direction of research, and study of the world, which is based on considering objects as a system, focusing on revealing the integrity of the object, identifying the variety of connections in it, and bringing them to a single theoretical picture. It is the systematic approach that is an adequate cognitive tool for the systemic nature of the universe.Science in general, and criminological science in particular, represents a union of scientific activity and its informational result. Regarding the informational result of criminological science, we are talking about criminological information.It is considered reasonable to define criminology as a scientific activity of processing criminological information to obtain new knowledge. This activity is part of the systemic World, so it has a systemic nature and the tools of the systemic approach can be applied to it. First of all, about the research of information methods for the study of crime.It is considered a reasonable possibility of using information methods in criminology. Prospective areas of such work will be:1) detection of crime trends and measures to prevent it;2) modeling of criminogenic processes and law enforcement measures;3) criminological prognosis.Improvement of digital criminological methods in the future will be carried out primarily through the use of «artificial intelligence» technologies.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mentality as the basis of the formation of the philosophical and legal model of the Ukrainian society","authors":"O. Savaida, O. Tsytsyk","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.98","url":null,"abstract":"The article clarifies the essence of such a philosophical and legal phenomenon as mentality and its influence on the formation of the Ukrainian community. The importance of mentality in the process of forming a new modern model of the Ukrainian community has also been clarified. Based on the analysis of the modern philosophical and legal doctrine, the essence of the community in the conditions of modern Ukrainian society through the prism of its axiological and culturological components is also revealed. It also shows the main features of the mentality of our people, which in one way or another affect various processes in our states, in particular, the process of community formation, as a unifying element for the effective coexistence of individuals with each other and with other subjects, including the state. One of the types of mentality is analyzed - the national mentality, which is also an important factor in the construction and functioning of the modern Ukrainian community, which is considered as a necessary condition for the development of both a strategic plan for the development of the state and law, as well as a tactical line of reforming the society itself. Each nation has its own mental base, which is its important component. It is formed over a fairly long period of time, but its effectiveness also lasts for a long time and is passed down from generation to generation. Thanks to this, people stick together, unite in certain formations (communities), develop themselves, the people around them and their country. Such a peculiarity of our people as mentality (especially strong spirit and liberality) helps us and other peoples to understand our culture, outlook, habits and actions in certain historical aspects and the current being of our people. The mentality itself is created for a very long time, and it is influenced by many factors, for example, historical events, state and legal reforms, etc. It should also be noted that following the process of the formation of our statehood, it can be stated that, despite the difficult historical fate, we Ukrainians have developed a rather strong mentality (this is especially evident now during the war). This strong side of our mentality manifests itself in almost everything, starting from the conduct of life, in state and legal processes, and ending with spiritual aspects.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134914103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceutical activity: approaches to understanding and legal features","authors":"O.H. Frolova","doi":"10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.46","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the legal features of pharmaceutical activity. The content of pharmaceutical activity is based on the specification of the «basic» features of this concept. It turns out that the pharmaceutical activity is characterized by a complex nature and a certain systematic nature of the implemented social and legal measures. It is analyzed how the complexity of the legal nature of this activity is manifested.The research examines the relationship between the content of the concept of «pharmaceutical activity» and the concept of «health care», which allows us to formulate the conclusion that the characteristics of health care can be taken into account in the content of the legally defined signs of pharmaceutical activity. They should be connected, first of all, with its economic and legal properties, which in health care ensure the process of creating relevant benefits. It is explained why pharmaceutical activity is «represented» in its types and their separate varieties in the current legislation. It is clarified what the economic purpose of pharmaceutical activity is.Attention is focused on the social goal of pharmaceutical activity and it is noted that this goal is directly related to measures that in the socio-economic sector of health care provide health protection, disease prevention, as well as prolonging life and strengthening health.It ed system of special entities (participants) authorized to apply the specified measures in health care. They are, including, pharmaceutical workers. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the different legal status, powers and functions of subjects of pharmaceutical activity, as well as the desire to achieve the corresponding (different) goals determine their specific «place» in the system of social and legal measures carried out within the limits of pharmaceutical activity.Separately, it is noted that various subjects of pharmaceutical activity, as well as subjects and objects and goals of pharmaceutical activity, are among themselves in certain relationships that acquire the meaning of legal relations.","PeriodicalId":474211,"journal":{"name":"Analìtično-porìvnâlʹne pravoznavstvo","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134914105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}