Explorations in Economic History最新文献_第7页

Early-life lead exposure and male longevity: Evidence from historical municipal water systems 早期铅暴露与男性寿命：来自历史城市供水系统的证据

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101701

Jason Fletcher , Hamid Noghanibehambari

引用次数: 0

The fertility response to price changes in a manorial society: The case of rural Estonia, 1834–1884 庄园社会中生育率对价格变化的反应：以爱沙尼亚农村为例，1834-1884

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101653

Martin Klesment, Kersti Lust

{"title":"The fertility response to price changes in a manorial society: The case of rural Estonia, 1834–1884","authors":"Martin Klesment, Kersti Lust","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the pre-industrial era, changing economic conditions had a strong influence on demographic processes. Using pre-industrial rural Estonia as an example, the article studies fertility response to short-term economic stress in a manorial society in eastern Europe. It considers whether the fertility response to rye price fluctuations was deliberate and whether it was socially differentiated. It appears that an increase in the price of rye resulted in the drop of conceptions within the next year and the magnitude of the impact on fertility was roughly similar to that in several other European settings in the 19th century. As long as the manorial system was maintained, farmers were more sensitive to price hikes than the landless, but with the decline of the mutual economic dependence between manors and farms, the landless laborers became more vulnerable to price increases. Our analysis of the timing of the fertility response reveals no deliberate postponement of conceptions immediately before or after the low harvests or price increases. Instead, conceptions dropped only in the spring and summer season of the next year, indicating a non-deliberate and spontaneous response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

World War II service and the GI Bill: New evidence on selection and veterans’ outcomes from linked census records 第二次世界大战服务和退伍军人法案：来自相关人口普查记录的选择和退伍军人结果的新证据

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101649

William J. Collins , Ariell Zimran

{"title":"World War II service and the GI Bill: New evidence on selection and veterans’ outcomes from linked census records","authors":"William J. Collins , Ariell Zimran","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine new datasets of records linked between the 1940 and 1950 US censuses to characterize selection into military service during World War II and to analyze differences in veterans’ post-war educational and labor market outcomes relative to nonveterans. Motivated by potentially disparate selection into and effects of service, we pay particular attention to groups distinguished by age, pre-war educational attainment, race, and nativity. We find that veterans were positively selected on pre-war educational attainment, but negatively or neutrally selected in terms of own or fathers’ pre-war labor market characteristics. Younger veterans fared better in terms of education and labor market outcomes in 1950 than nonveterans who were observationally similar in 1940. Older veterans exhibited relative gains in education compared to observationally similar nonveterans, but not in labor market outcomes. Black veterans’ relative gains in education were large, but black veterans not in school were less likely to be employed than observationally similar nonveterans in 1950. All groups of veterans were more likely to be government employees after the war and were under-represented in self employment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Aftermath of the February Flood of 1825: Social and Demographic Change in the Krummhörn Region, East Frisia 1825 年二月洪灾的后果：东弗里斯兰克鲁姆霍恩地区的社会和人口变化

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101650

Kai P. Willführ , Josep Sottile Perez

{"title":"The Aftermath of the February Flood of 1825: Social and Demographic Change in the Krummhörn Region, East Frisia","authors":"Kai P. Willführ , Josep Sottile Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In February 1825, the dikes broke after a spring tide in the Krummhörn region in East Frisia, Germany, causing a severe disaster. Although the flood did not claim many victims, substantial damage was done to the farmland, and the economic crisis that followed permanently changed the social structure in the Krummhörn. We study family reconstitutions of the region linked to information about socioeconomic status, detailed reports of the flood damage, and information on crop prices for the entire study period. We innovate on the literature through our reconstruction of property damage at the parish level, as well as of the economic development in the region, combined with family reconstitutions. We investigate the short-term impact of the flood on marital fertility and child mortality, as well as the long-term impact on age at first childbirth and age at first marriage of individuals who experienced the flood early in life. We use Cox proportional hazard models to study mortality. The timing and the likelihood of transitions are investigated with the help of mixed parametric cure models. We find that child mortality, but not infant mortality, increased in the flood aftermath, but that this increase in mortality was not attributable to the flood-related damage. Furthermore, we find no evidence of changes in the timing of first childbirth or marriage among the affected individuals. These findings contrast with the results of several other studies indicating that external shocks and crisis experience early in life affect life course outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The political effects of the 1918 influenza pandemic in Weimar Germany 1918年德国魏玛流感大流行的政治影响

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101648

Stefan Bauernschuster , Matthias Blum , Erik Hornung , Christoph Koenig

引用次数: 0

Examining the role of training data for supervised methods of automated record linkage: Lessons for best practice in economic history 考察训练数据在自动记录链接的监督方法中的作用：经济史上最佳实践的教训

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101656

James J Feigenbaum , Jonas Helgertz , Joseph Price

{"title":"Examining the role of training data for supervised methods of automated record linkage: Lessons for best practice in economic history","authors":"James J Feigenbaum , Jonas Helgertz , Joseph Price","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the past decade, scholars have produced a vast amount of research using linked historical individual-level data, shaping and changing our understanding of the past. This linked data revolution has been powered by methodological and computational advances, partly focused on supervised machine-learning methods that rely on training data. The importance of obtaining high-quality training data for the performance of the record linkage algorithm largely, however, remains unknown. This paper comprehensively examines the role of training data, and—by extension—improves our understanding of best practices in supervised methods of probabilistic record linkage. First, we compare the speed and costs of building training data using different methods. Second, we document high rates of conditional accuracy across the training data sets, rates that are especially high when built with access to more information. Third, we show that data constructed by record linking algorithms learning from different training-data-generation methods do not substantially differ in their accuracy, either overall or across demographic groups, though algorithms tend to perform best when their feature space aligns with the features used to build the training data. Lastly, we introduce errors in the training data and find that the examined record linking algorithms are remarkably capable of making accurate links even working with flawed training data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassessing the great compression among top earners: The overlooked role of taxation and self-employment 重新评估高收入者的巨大压力：税收和自营职业被忽视的作用

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101651

Miguel Artola Blanco , Victor Manuel Gómez-Blanco

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The escape from hunger: The impact of food prices on well-being in Sweden, 1813–1967 摆脱饥饿：1813-1967年瑞典食品价格对幸福的影响

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101652

Tommy Bengtsson, Luciana Quaranta

{"title":"The escape from hunger: The impact of food prices on well-being in Sweden, 1813–1967","authors":"Tommy Bengtsson, Luciana Quaranta","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyses how the standard of living for different social groups changed when Sweden developed from an agricultural to an industrial society and when the first steps towards a modern welfare society were taken. As a measure of living standards, we use the ability to overcome short-term economic stress caused by high food prices. We use individual-level longitudinal data from 1813 to 1967 for a rural/semi-urban area in southern Sweden with similar economic development, occupational structure, life expectancy and fertility to the country as a whole. We found that during the first part of the 19th century, when agriculture was reformed and grain became an export product, workers, but not farmers and other social groups, deliberately postponed births in response to rising food prices. Despite these efforts to maintain consumption, workers and their families suffered increased mortality risks during years of high food prices, indicating that they lived close to the subsistence margin and could not save to ensure consumption in bad times. In the second half of the 19th century, rising real wages improved workers’ living conditions and the mortality response to economic stress decreased. By the 20th century, as the economy progressed and welfare systems emerged, the mortality response disappeared entirely. In contrast, childbearing was still affected by economic cycles but now only during turmoil of the First World War and the 1918 influenza pandemic and not afterwards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balancing economic stress: The role of rural–urban migration in nineteenth-century East Belgium 平衡经济压力：19世纪东比利时城乡移民的作用

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101666

George C. Alter , Michel Oris

{"title":"Balancing economic stress: The role of rural–urban migration in nineteenth-century East Belgium","authors":"George C. Alter , Michel Oris","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we propose an integrated view of both the rural and the urban sides of migration in 19th century East Belgium. We study two rural areas, Ardennes and the Pays de Herve, with diverging agrarian structures and pathways to modernization. Both areas faced the challenge of population pressure due to high fertility and falling mortality. Between them was a textile town, Verviers, which was one of the cradles of industrial revolution in continental Europe. Young people in rural areas engaged in circular migrations with the goal of marrying and establishing new households, which became increasingly difficult in communities with growing populations and diminishing opportunities. Moving from farm to farm also increased as the ownership of farmland became more concentrated and unequal. Those who did not succeed in the countryside moved to Verviers and rarely returned to their rural roots. Instead, they entered a different migratory system within the urban-industrial agglomeration. When urban economic conditions were bad, migrants from Ardennes and the Pays de Herve did not leave Verviers for other industrial areas. They preferred to remain close to kin living in the villages. Overall, migration flows responded weakly to short-term fluctuations in prices and industrial activity, but rural-urban migrations relieved growing economic stress in the countryside.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gains from factory electrification: Evidence from North Carolina, 1905–1926 工厂电气化的收益：来自北卡罗来纳州的证据，1905-1926

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101654

Will Damron

引用次数: 0