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Explorations in Economic History最新文献

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Warfare and Economic Inequality: Evidence from Preindustrial Germany (c. 1400-1800) 战争与经济不平等:来自前工业时代德国的证据(约1400-1800)
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101495
Felix S.F. Schaff
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引用次数: 2
The last Yugoslavs: Ethnic diversity and national identity 最后的南斯拉夫：民族多样性和民族认同
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101504
Leonard Kukić
{"title":"The last Yugoslavs: Ethnic diversity and national identity","authors":"Leonard Kukić","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nation-building is often proposed as a device for integration in ethnically divided societies. The determinants of national sentiment, however, remain imperfectly understood. This paper analyses the role of interethnic contact in the process of nation formation within multiethnic Yugoslavia, just before its disintegration in 1991. Using a variety of data sources and empirical strategies, I find that interethnic contact stimulated the formation of the Yugoslav nation. I argue that ethnic intermarriage is the key mechanism through which ethnic diversity influenced the adoption of a shared Yugoslav identity. These results illustrate the powerful effect that interethnic contact can have in reducing ethnic division even in a tense ethnic environment on the verge of conflict, like that of Yugoslavia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foutu maximum: The political economy of price controls and national defense in revolutionary France 傅图主义：革命法国的价格控制与国防政治经济学
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101478
Louis Rouanet
{"title":"Foutu maximum: The political economy of price controls and national defense in revolutionary France","authors":"Louis Rouanet","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>War necessitates both allocating real resources to defense and certain interest groups being in favor of the government raising resources to wage war. Price controls can be a tool for governments to mobilize additional resources while buying the support of certain key interest groups, hence making war politically viable. France during the revolutionary Terror, the first instance of widespread price controls used in times of war, is used to illustrate this hypothesis. Urban capitalists benefited from price controls on agricultural output combined with forced sales. At the same time, I estimate that in the six months preceding the abolition of price controls, the government saved, by using them (and in real terms), the equivalent of roughly 40% of the annual 1790 central government budget. Consistent with my theory, once the exigencies of the war attenuated and as collective action became more costly for the urban population, price controls were abandoned.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring 200 years of U.S. commodity market integration: A structural time series model approach 探索美国商品市场一体化200年：一种结构时间序列模型方法
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2023.101514
James M. Harrison
{"title":"Exploring 200 years of U.S. commodity market integration: A structural time series model approach","authors":"James M. Harrison","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2023.101514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2023.101514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper uses a structural time series model to explore U.S. commodity market convergence, efficiency, and intertemporal smoothing from 1750–1949. I find near-continuous convergence that is largely concentrated in the frontier, broad antebellum efficiency gains, and intertemporal smoothing from the 1880s onward among the most perishable goods. The results reveal new periods of integration across all three metrics and underscore the rapid rate of integration on the frontier.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sweet equality: Sugar, property rights, and land distribution in colonial Java 甜蜜的平等：殖民地爪哇的糖、产权和土地分配
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2023.101513
Pim de Zwart, Phylicia Soekhradj
{"title":"Sweet equality: Sugar, property rights, and land distribution in colonial Java","authors":"Pim de Zwart,&nbsp;Phylicia Soekhradj","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2023.101513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2023.101513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article exploits a unique district-level dataset to investigate the relationship between sugar cultivation, property rights systems and land distribution in colonial Java around the turn of the twentieth century. We demonstrate a negative and statistically significant relationship between sugar cultivation and the landholder Gini. An IV strategy, employing a newly computed index of sugar suitability as instrument, suggests that this effect is causal. It is argued that sugar production in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries stimulated the expansion and persistence of communal landholding. This communal landholding consequently led to more equally distributed plots among landholders in the early twentieth century. We emphasize the importance of local property rights institutions in mitigating the effects of export production on socioeconomic outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Historical gender discrimination does not explain comparative Western European development: evidence from Portugal, 1300-1900 历史上的性别歧视并不能解释西欧的相对发展：来自葡萄牙的证据，1300-1900
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101481
Nuno Palma , Jaime Reis , Lisbeth Rodrigues
{"title":"Historical gender discrimination does not explain comparative Western European development: evidence from Portugal, 1300-1900","authors":"Nuno Palma ,&nbsp;Jaime Reis ,&nbsp;Lisbeth Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gender discrimination has been pointed out as a determining factor behind the long-run divergence in incomes of Southern vis-à-vis Northwestern Europe. In this paper, we show that women in Portugal were not historically more discriminated against than those in other parts of Western Europe, including England and the Netherlands. We rely on a new dataset of thousands of observations from archival sources covering six centuries, and we complement it with a qualitative discussion of comparative social norms. Compared with Northwestern Europe, women in Portugal faced similar gender wage gaps, married at similar ages, and did not face more restrictions on labor market participation. Consequently, other factors must have been responsible for the Little Divergence of Western European incomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Spoils of War: The Political Legacy of the German hyperinflation 战争的废墟：德国恶性通货膨胀的政治遗产
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101479
Gregori Galofré-Vilà
{"title":"Spoils of War: The Political Legacy of the German hyperinflation","authors":"Gregori Galofré-Vilà","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>I study the link between monetary policy and electoral outcomes by linking new data on the 1923 German hyperinflation and the vote share of the main parties of Weimar Republic from 1924 to 1933. Exploiting cross-sectional variation in prices in over 280 cities, I find that </span>inflation predicts the vote share of the </span><em>Volksrechtspartei</em><span>, an association-turned-party of inflation victims, and positively correlates with the Communists in the 1932 elections. Hyperinflation also leads to a decline in turnout, with a loss of confidence in the German institutions. However, contrary to received wisdom, areas more affected by inflation did not see a higher vote share for the Nazi party. Results are robust to a range of specifications, including models in differences, panel data with fixed effects, Coarsened Exact Matching estimation, Conley standard errors, and an instrumental variable strategy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50203367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring document similarity with weighted averages of word embeddings 用词嵌入的加权平均值测量文档相似度
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101494
Bryan Seegmiller , Dimitris Papanikolaou , Lawrence D.W. Schmidt
{"title":"Measuring document similarity with weighted averages of word embeddings","authors":"Bryan Seegmiller ,&nbsp;Dimitris Papanikolaou ,&nbsp;Lawrence D.W. Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We detail a methodology for estimating the textual similarity between two documents while accounting for the possibility that two different words can have a similar meaning. We illustrate the method’s usefulness in facilitating comparisons between documents with very different formats and vocabularies by textually linking occupation task and industry output descriptions with related technologies as described in patent texts; we also examine economic applications of the resultant document similarity measures. In a final application we demonstrate that the method also works well relative to alternatives for comparing documents within the same domain by showing that pairwise textual similarity between occupations’ task descriptions strongly predicts the probability that a given worker will transition from one occupation to another. Finally, we offer some suggestions on other potential uses and guidance in implementing the method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49857314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Perks and pitfalls of city directories as a micro-geographic data source 城市目录作为微地理数据源的好处和缺陷
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101476
Thilo N.H. Albers, Kalle Kappner
{"title":"Perks and pitfalls of city directories as a micro-geographic data source","authors":"Thilo N.H. Albers,&nbsp;Kalle Kappner","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Historical city directories are rich sources of micro-geographic data. They provide information on the location of households and firms and their occupations and industries<span>, respectively. We develop a generic algorithmic work flow that converts scans of them into geo- and status-referenced household-level data sets. Applying the work flow to our case study, the Berlin 1880 directory, adds idiosyncratic challenges that should make automation less attractive. Yet, employing an administrative benchmark data set on household counts, incomes, and income distributions across more than 200 census tracts, we show that semi-automatic referencing yields results very similar to those from labour-intensive manual referencing. Finally, we discuss how to scale the work flow to other years and cities as well as potential applications in economic history and beyond.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49857303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The census place project: A method for geolocating unstructured place names 普查地点项目:一种对非结构化地名进行地理定位的方法
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101477
Enrico Berkes , Ezra Karger , Peter Nencka
{"title":"The census place project: A method for geolocating unstructured place names","authors":"Enrico Berkes ,&nbsp;Ezra Karger ,&nbsp;Peter Nencka","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2022.101477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Researchers use microdata to study the economic development of the United States and the causal effects of historical policies. Much of this research focuses on county- and state-level patterns and policies because comprehensive sub-county data is not consistently available. We describe a new method that geocodes and standardizes the towns and cities of residence for individuals and households in decennial census microdata from 1790–1940. We release public crosswalks linking individuals and households to consistently-defined place names, longitude-latitude pairs, counties, and states. Our method dramatically increases the number of individuals and households assigned to a sub-county location relative to standard publicly available data: we geocode an average of 83% of the individuals and households in 1790–1940 census microdata, compared to 23% in widely-used crosswalks. In years with individual-level microdata (1850–1940), our average match rate is 94% relative to 33% in widely-used crosswalks. To illustrate the value of our crosswalks, we measure place-level population growth across the United States between 1870 and 1940 at a sub-county level, confirming predictions of Zipf’s Law and Gibrat’s Law for large cities but rejecting similar predictions for small towns. We describe how our approach can be used to accurately geocode other historical datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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