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Explorations in Economic History最新文献

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Locked in the past: Old housing and the adoption of electric heating 锁在过去：旧房子和采用电加热
IF 2 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101771
Yi Jie Gwee, Hui Ren Tan
{"title":"Locked in the past: Old housing and the adoption of electric heating","authors":"Yi Jie Gwee,&nbsp;Hui Ren Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Can history explain some of the variation in electric heating usage across American homes today? Assembling a new county panel, we find that areas with more dwellings built before WWII are slower at adopting electric heating in later decades. This is due to old buildings being retrofitted more slowly and new buildings being less likely to have electric heating. We propose two ways to distinguish between persistence and path dependence as mechanisms, and show that our results largely reflect the latter. We document how various factors like natural disasters and government intervention can weaken the hold of history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148311448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arsenic and fertility: Evidence from the 1900 English beer-poisoning epidemic 砷与生育：来自1900年英国啤酒中毒流行的证据
IF 2 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101772
Jonathan James
{"title":"Arsenic and fertility: Evidence from the 1900 English beer-poisoning epidemic","authors":"Jonathan James","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 1900, thousands of people in England were poisoned by arsenic. The source was beer contaminated by tainted sugar. This paper examines how the poisoning affected birth rates in the affected areas, using an event study difference-in-difference design. The results show that the arsenic-in-beer epidemic caused a 10% drop in births in 1901, but the effect was short-lived. After about 28 weeks, birth rates returned to pre-epidemic levels. Evidence from the timing of the effect and a range of alternative mechanisms is most consistent with the epidemic reducing conceptions or early pregnancies, rather than operating through economic disruption or later gestational harm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148357337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of a woman-friendly occupation on employment: U.S. postmasters before World War II 女性友好职业对就业的影响：二战前的美国邮政局长
IF 2 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101775
Sophie Li
{"title":"The effect of a woman-friendly occupation on employment: U.S. postmasters before World War II","authors":"Sophie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies U.S. postmasters in the early twentieth century, a rare woman-friendly occupation at a time when women’s employment opportunities were highly constrained. Using a novel dataset linking postmaster appointments to census records, I show that these well-paid, flexible positions attracted educated and qualified White women into the labor force. However, exploiting exogenous variation in reappointment probabilities through an RD design, I find that many women exited the labor force once their appointments ended. Few transitioned into other skilled occupations, accounting for only one-third of the 24 pp. employment loss. The results are consistent with a reservation-wage mechanism: women who secured alternative full-time skilled jobs with wages comparable to postmasters remained employed, while others stopped working. The scarcity of jobs similar to postmasters likely limited the long-term gains of this otherwise advantageous occupation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148402724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Country banks and the Panic of 1825 乡村银行和1825年的大恐慌
IF 2 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101774
Jane Olmstead-Rumsey, Giorgio Ravalli
{"title":"Country banks and the Panic of 1825","authors":"Jane Olmstead-Rumsey,&nbsp;Giorgio Ravalli","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Panic of 1825 was a significant crisis in British financial history. We document how this crisis spread from London banks to England’s real economy. England’s correspondent banking network propagated trouble in sovereign debt markets to small banks outside of London and ultimately to non-financial firms. Using exogenous variation in district-level exposure to the crisis, we show that bank failures led to a substantial number of bankruptcies among non-financial firms. We discuss two potential mechanisms by which the financial system affected the real economy: a fall in aggregate demand and a credit supply shock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Born in Smog: Immediate and persistent health consequences of acute air pollution exposure in historical London, 1892–1919 出生在烟雾中：1892-1919年历史上伦敦急性空气污染暴露的直接和持续的健康后果
IF 2 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101773
Eric B. Schneider
{"title":"Born in Smog: Immediate and persistent health consequences of acute air pollution exposure in historical London, 1892–1919","authors":"Eric B. Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how acute pollution exposure in historical London (1892–1919) affected child health. I proxy acute, extreme pollution exposure using daily data on fog events, which reflect meteorological conditions where pollution emitted in the city was not dispersed across space leading to a sharp spike in pollution. I also use rich individual-level data on child health drawn from the Queen Charlotte Hospital, a maternity hospital, and the Foundling Hospital, an orphanage. I find no effect of pollution exposure at birth on birth or growth outcomes or on upper respiratory morbidity. However, exposure on the day of birth had persistent effects on health, increasing mortality risk in childhood and adolescence from respiratory diseases and raising incidence, prevalence and sickness duration of influenza and measles. There was no persistent effect of in utero and postnatal pollution exposures. These mixed results show that extreme pollution at birth had lasting impacts on specific, but also limited, dimensions of child health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Persistent specialization and growth: The Italian land reform 持续专业化与增长：意大利土地改革
IF 1.7 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101739
Riccardo Bianchi-Vimercati , Giampaolo Lecce , Matteo Magnaricotte
{"title":"Persistent specialization and growth: The Italian land reform","authors":"Riccardo Bianchi-Vimercati ,&nbsp;Giampaolo Lecce ,&nbsp;Matteo Magnaricotte","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of land redistribution on structural transformation is ambiguous. While large landowners may hinder industrialization by restricting access to education, larger farm scale can facilitate mechanization and productivity growth. This study uses novel fine-grained data to examine the long-term effects of the 1950 Italian land reform, which redistributed land from large landowners to landless farmers. Employing two difference-in-differences strategies, we find that the reform significantly slowed industrialization in affected municipalities, which, fifty years after the reform, exhibited an agricultural employment share approximately 70% higher than the estimated counterfactual scenario. Reductions in agglomeration and occupational mobility emerge as key mechanisms, while education seemingly played a limited role. Finally, we show that the reform significantly hindered the overall economic growth of affected municipalities between 1970 and 2000.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic consequences of the 1933 Soviet famine 1933年苏联饥荒的经济后果
IF 1.7 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101738
Natalya Naumenko
{"title":"Economic consequences of the 1933 Soviet famine","authors":"Natalya Naumenko","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article studies the changes in the Soviet population and the urbanization patterns after the 1933 famine. It documents several new facts. (1) Although most of the direct victims lived in rural areas, the famine is associated with persistent differences in the urban population. Comparing more affected areas to less affected ones, in the long run, there are no differences in the rural population, but urban settlements in more affected areas are comparatively smaller. (2) Consistent with this pattern, in the long run, there are no differences in grain production and sown area, but electricity production is relatively smaller in more affected areas. (3) These differences were not planned in the First Five-Year Plan (1928–1933), but subsequent plans may have incorporated and exacerbated the differences in urbanization that occurred during the years of rural crisis. The paper argues that labor shortages during the crucial years of rapid industrialization hindered the development of cities in famine-stricken areas. Thus, the timing of the shock to the population is important. While established urban networks tend to recover from large temporary negative shocks, labor shortages during construction and rapid growth might have a permanent negative impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk-coping behaviors in metropolis: Evidence from working-class households in Prewar Tokyo 大都市的风险应对行为：战前东京工薪阶层家庭的证据
IF 1.7 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101722
Kota Ogasawara
{"title":"Risk-coping behaviors in metropolis: Evidence from working-class households in Prewar Tokyo","authors":"Kota Ogasawara","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>I analyze the risk-coping strategies of factory–worker households in early twentieth-century Tokyo. I digitized a unique daily longitudinal household budget survey conducted in Tsukishima, a representative manufacturing area, to examine how consumption was affected by idiosyncratic shocks. I find that although the households were vulnerable and their consumption levels were impacted by these shocks, the estimated income elasticity of indispensable consumption was relatively low in the short run. The results of the mechanism analysis suggest that credit purchases from local retailers helped smooth short-run consumption, highlighting the role of informal credit institutions in mitigating vulnerability among urban worker households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Living standards in Angola, 1760–19751 安哥拉的生活水平，1760-1975
IF 1.7 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101732
Hélder Carvalhal , Nuno Palma
{"title":"Living standards in Angola, 1760–19751","authors":"Hélder Carvalhal ,&nbsp;Nuno Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the well-being of urban workers in Angola under colonialism. Using a newly compiled dataset derived from archival and secondary sources, we construct welfare ratios for both skilled and unskilled workers in the cities of Luanda and Benguela from 1760 to 1975. Our findings indicate that Angolan workers experienced lower economic prosperity compared to their counterparts in other parts of the world. Living standards declined during the 19th century, followed by a recovery emerging in the 20th century — particularly from the mid-1960s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145599248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crowd-sourced Chinese genealogies as data for demographic and economic history 人群来源的中国族谱作为人口和经济史的数据
IF 1.7 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101734
Melanie Meng Xue
{"title":"Crowd-sourced Chinese genealogies as data for demographic and economic history","authors":"Melanie Meng Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the usefulness of crowd-sourced Chinese genealogical data for quantitative research in demography and economic history. I first examine whether genealogies — despite well-known selection biases — produce demographic patterns consistent with established historical knowledge of China. Comparisons with existing studies show that aggregate population-growth trends and sex ratios over time align reasonably well with established demographic and historical findings, suggesting that genealogies, though selective, capture coherent and interpretable patterns. Building on these plausibility checks, the paper argues that the main value of genealogical data lies in their scalability and temporal depth, particularly as crowd-sourced digitization vastly expands the number of available records. These features make genealogies well suited to analyses that leverage variation across regions and over time, an approach that is central in modern economic history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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