Explorations in Economic History最新文献

The central bank as safe haven: Flight-to-safety, democratization, and credit contraction in the Spanish Second Republic 作为避风港的中央银行：逃向安全、民主化和西班牙第二共和国的信贷收缩

IF 2 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101789

Enrique Jorge-Sotelo

{"title":"The central bank as safe haven: Flight-to-safety, democratization, and credit contraction in the Spanish Second Republic","authors":"Enrique Jorge-Sotelo","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past, central banks were also retail institutions, directly accepting deposits from the public. This article studies a historical episode of flight-to-safety during a banking crisis in which large depositors withdrew their deposits from banks, moving them not only abroad or into cash, but also into the central bank. I ask how this safe-haven channel shaped the financial backdrop of democratization in interwar Spain. The 1931 proclamation of the Second Republic turned long-repressed demands for redistribution into a credible, if uncertain, redistributive threat to large depositors, triggering a run on bank deposits and capital flight, to which authorities responded by restricting capital mobility. Because opening and using a <em>Banco de España</em> (BdE) retail account required a very high initial deposit and subsequent contributions, access was formally open but effectively restricted to large bank depositors. Using new branch-level balance-sheet data, I document a stronger flight-to-safety to BdE deposits in cities where banks lost more deposits, show that this inflow was persistent, and find that the BdE did not use it to expand credit or replace banks’ lost intermediation due to the run on their deposits. Flight-to-safety into central bank liabilities thus let large depositors preserve the nominal value of their wealth, but without an offsetting expansion of public (central bank) money, the resulting fall in private money went uncompensated — contributing to the credit contraction that marked the democratic Republic’s first months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 101789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A practitioner’s guide to using large language models and generative AI in economic history 在经济史中使用大型语言模型和生成人工智能的实践者指南

IF 2 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101790

Andreas Ferrara

{"title":"A practitioner’s guide to using large language models and generative AI in economic history","authors":"Andreas Ferrara","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large language models (LLMs) are lowering the barriers to entry for working with previously hard-to-use data sources that once required strong data science skills, such as handwritten ledgers, text, images, or sound recordings. This guide provides an introduction for researchers who are new to LLMs. It sets out a step-by-step workflow for turning a research idea into working code, data, theoretical models, or replication packages. It then works through the decisions a practitioner faces in sequence, beginning with whether an LLM is the right tool and whether the data are allowed to be sent to one, then how to select models, write prompts, manage context limits, and control costs, and finally how to validate, reproduce, document, and correct LLM-generated measures in regression settings. A review of recent research shows how these tools already extract, link, harmonize, and classify historical data at scale. Four worked examples with replication files illustrate the use of LLMs. They classify emotions in paintings, link census records without names, measure newspaper salience and sentiment around the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, and score the emotional delivery of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s wartime speeches. The guide also condenses the workflow, best-practice recommendations, and preparation of replication packages into summary tables and checklists to aid applied economists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 101790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building a National Market: Transport and Economic Integration in Nineteenth-Century Spain 建立国家市场：十九世纪西班牙的交通与经济一体化

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101791

Guillermo Esteban-Oliver,Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau,Jordi Martí-Henneberg

引用次数: 0

Locked in the past: Old housing and the adoption of electric heating 锁在过去：旧房子和采用电加热

IF 2 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101771

Yi Jie Gwee, Hui Ren Tan

引用次数: 0

Arsenic and fertility: Evidence from the 1900 English beer-poisoning epidemic 砷与生育：来自1900年英国啤酒中毒流行的证据

IF 2 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101772

Jonathan James

引用次数: 0

The effect of a woman-friendly occupation on employment: U.S. postmasters before World War II 女性友好职业对就业的影响：二战前的美国邮政局长

IF 2 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101775

Sophie Li

引用次数: 0

Country banks and the Panic of 1825 乡村银行和1825年的大恐慌

IF 2 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101774

Jane Olmstead-Rumsey, Giorgio Ravalli

引用次数: 0

Born in Smog: Immediate and persistent health consequences of acute air pollution exposure in historical London, 1892–1919 出生在烟雾中：1892-1919年历史上伦敦急性空气污染暴露的直接和持续的健康后果

IF 2 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2026.101773

Eric B. Schneider

引用次数: 0

Persistent specialization and growth: The Italian land reform 持续专业化与增长：意大利土地改革

IF 1.7 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101739

Riccardo Bianchi-Vimercati , Giampaolo Lecce , Matteo Magnaricotte

引用次数: 0

Economic consequences of the 1933 Soviet famine 1933年苏联饥荒的经济后果

IF 1.7 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101738

Natalya Naumenko

{"title":"Economic consequences of the 1933 Soviet famine","authors":"Natalya Naumenko","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article studies the changes in the Soviet population and the urbanization patterns after the 1933 famine. It documents several new facts. (1) Although most of the direct victims lived in rural areas, the famine is associated with persistent differences in the urban population. Comparing more affected areas to less affected ones, in the long run, there are no differences in the rural population, but urban settlements in more affected areas are comparatively smaller. (2) Consistent with this pattern, in the long run, there are no differences in grain production and sown area, but electricity production is relatively smaller in more affected areas. (3) These differences were not planned in the First Five-Year Plan (1928–1933), but subsequent plans may have incorporated and exacerbated the differences in urbanization that occurred during the years of rural crisis. The paper argues that labor shortages during the crucial years of rapid industrialization hindered the development of cities in famine-stricken areas. Thus, the timing of the shock to the population is important. While established urban networks tend to recover from large temporary negative shocks, labor shortages during construction and rapid growth might have a permanent negative impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0