Explorations in Economic History最新文献

Union wage effects in Sweden: Evidence from the interwar period

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101655

William Skoglund

引用次数: 0

The fertility response to price changes in a manorial society: The case of rural Estonia, 1834–1884 庄园社会中生育率对价格变化的反应：以爱沙尼亚农村为例，1834-1884

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101653

Martin Klesment, Kersti Lust

{"title":"The fertility response to price changes in a manorial society: The case of rural Estonia, 1834–1884","authors":"Martin Klesment, Kersti Lust","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101653","url":null,"abstract":"In the pre-industrial era, changing economic conditions had a strong influence on demographic processes. Using pre-industrial rural Estonia as an example, the article studies fertility response to short-term economic stress in a manorial society in eastern Europe. It considers whether the fertility response to rye price fluctuations was deliberate and whether it was socially differentiated. It appears that an increase in the price of rye resulted in the drop of conceptions within the next year and the magnitude of the impact on fertility was roughly similar to that in several other European settings in the 19th century. As long as the manorial system was maintained, farmers were more sensitive to price hikes than the landless, but with the decline of the mutual economic dependence between manors and farms, the landless laborers became more vulnerable to price increases. Our analysis of the timing of the fertility response reveals no deliberate postponement of conceptions immediately before or after the low harvests or price increases. Instead, conceptions dropped only in the spring and summer season of the next year, indicating a non-deliberate and spontaneous response.","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The political effects of the 1918 influenza pandemic in Weimar Germany 1918年德国魏玛流感大流行的政治影响

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101648

Stefan Bauernschuster, Matthias Blum, Erik Hornung, Christoph Koenig

引用次数: 0

The escape from hunger: The impact of food prices on well-being in Sweden, 1813–1967 摆脱饥饿：1813-1967年瑞典食品价格对幸福的影响

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101652

Tommy Bengtsson, Luciana Quaranta

{"title":"The escape from hunger: The impact of food prices on well-being in Sweden, 1813–1967","authors":"Tommy Bengtsson, Luciana Quaranta","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101652","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses how the standard of living for different social groups changed when Sweden developed from an agricultural to an industrial society and when the first steps towards a modern welfare society were taken. As a measure of living standards, we use the ability to overcome short-term economic stress caused by high food prices. We use individual-level longitudinal data from 1813 to 1967 for a rural/semi-urban area in southern Sweden with similar economic development, occupational structure, life expectancy and fertility to the country as a whole. We found that during the first part of the 19th century, when agriculture was reformed and grain became an export product, workers, but not farmers and other social groups, deliberately postponed births in response to rising food prices. Despite these efforts to maintain consumption, workers and their families suffered increased mortality risks during years of high food prices, indicating that they lived close to the subsistence margin and could not save to ensure consumption in bad times. In the second half of the 19th century, rising real wages improved workers’ living conditions and the mortality response to economic stress decreased. By the 20th century, as the economy progressed and welfare systems emerged, the mortality response disappeared entirely. In contrast, childbearing was still affected by economic cycles but now only during turmoil of the First World War and the 1918 influenza pandemic and not afterwards.","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassessing the great compression among top earners: The overlooked role of taxation and self-employment 重新评估高收入者的巨大压力：税收和自营职业被忽视的作用

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101651

Miguel Artola Blanco, Victor Manuel Gómez-Blanco

引用次数: 0

The Aftermath of the February Flood of 1825: Social and Demographic Change in the Krummhörn Region, East Frisia 1825 年二月洪灾的后果：东弗里斯兰克鲁姆霍恩地区的社会和人口变化

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101650

Kai P. Willführ, Josep Sottile Perez

{"title":"The Aftermath of the February Flood of 1825: Social and Demographic Change in the Krummhörn Region, East Frisia","authors":"Kai P. Willführ, Josep Sottile Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101650","url":null,"abstract":"In February 1825, the dikes broke after a spring tide in the Krummhörn region in East Frisia, Germany, causing a severe disaster. Although the flood did not claim many victims, substantial damage was done to the farmland, and the economic crisis that followed permanently changed the social structure in the Krummhörn. We study family reconstitutions of the region linked to information about socioeconomic status, detailed reports of the flood damage, and information on crop prices for the entire study period. We innovate on the literature through our reconstruction of property damage at the parish level, as well as of the economic development in the region, combined with family reconstitutions. We investigate the short-term impact of the flood on marital fertility and child mortality, as well as the long-term impact on age at first childbirth and age at first marriage of individuals who experienced the flood early in life. We use Cox proportional hazard models to study mortality. The timing and the likelihood of transitions are investigated with the help of mixed parametric cure models. We find that child mortality, but not infant mortality, increased in the flood aftermath, but that this increase in mortality was not attributable to the flood-related damage. Furthermore, we find no evidence of changes in the timing of first childbirth or marriage among the affected individuals. These findings contrast with the results of several other studies indicating that external shocks and crisis experience early in life affect life course outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"327 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

World War II service and the GI Bill: New evidence on selection and veterans’ outcomes from linked census records 第二次世界大战服务和退伍军人法案：来自相关人口普查记录的选择和退伍军人结果的新证据

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101649

William J. Collins, Ariell Zimran

{"title":"World War II service and the GI Bill: New evidence on selection and veterans’ outcomes from linked census records","authors":"William J. Collins, Ariell Zimran","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101649","url":null,"abstract":"We examine new datasets of records linked between the 1940 and 1950 US censuses to characterize selection into military service during World War II and to analyze differences in veterans’ post-war educational and labor market outcomes relative to nonveterans. Motivated by potentially disparate selection into and effects of service, we pay particular attention to groups distinguished by age, pre-war educational attainment, race, and nativity. We find that veterans were positively selected on pre-war educational attainment, but negatively or neutrally selected in terms of own or fathers’ pre-war labor market characteristics. Younger veterans fared better in terms of education and labor market outcomes in 1950 than nonveterans who were observationally similar in 1940. Older veterans exhibited relative gains in education compared to observationally similar nonveterans, but not in labor market outcomes. Black veterans’ relative gains in education were large, but black veterans not in school were less likely to be employed than observationally similar nonveterans in 1950. All groups of veterans were more likely to be government employees after the war and were under-represented in self employment.","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term trends in income and wealth inequality in southern Italy. The Kingdom of Naples (Apulia), sixteenth to eighteenth centuries 意大利南部收入和财富不平等的长期趋势。那不勒斯王国（普利亚），16至18世纪

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101646

Guido Alfani, Sergio Sardone

引用次数: 0

The evolution of the value of water power during the Industrial Revolution 工业革命期间水力价值的演变

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101645

Todd Guilfoos

引用次数: 0

Poverty in Germany from the Black Death until the Beginning of Industrialization 从黑死病到工业化开始德国的贫困