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Explorations in Economic History最新文献

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Did war mobilization cause aggregate and regional growth? 战争动员是否引起了总体和地区的增长？
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101685
Taylor Jaworski , Dongkyu Yang
{"title":"Did war mobilization cause aggregate and regional growth?","authors":"Taylor Jaworski ,&nbsp;Dongkyu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The participation of the United States in World War II led to a substantial mobilization of domestic resources to produce the materiel used on the battlefields of Europe and in the Pacific. We produce new estimates for the impact of war mobilization on long-run economic growth and regional development in the United States over the postwar period. Guided by an economic geography model, we interpret our estimates as the direct effect of mobilization on local productivity. The findings suggest the largest likely aggregate welfare impact was modest, although there is variation across region. In addition, industrial mobilization contributed to manufacturing growth relatively more in the Northeast and Midwest, and less in the South and West.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The economics of Greco-Roman slavery 希腊罗马奴隶制的经济学
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101689
Rafael R. Guthmann , Walter Scheidel
{"title":"The economics of Greco-Roman slavery","authors":"Rafael R. Guthmann ,&nbsp;Walter Scheidel","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the economic aspects of slavery in the ancient Greco-Roman world. Existing evidence reveals significant variation in the relative cost of slaves compared to unskilled wages: it appears that at different times and places, a typical slave could be purchased for prices equivalent to wages paid from 150 to 1000 days of unskilled labor. To explain this great disparity, we develop a principal–agent model that predicts the return on slaves relative to wages, which varies as a function of the prevalence of slavery in the labor force. This model implies that slavery may have increased aggregate labor productivity by reallocating workers from less productive to more productive regions within the Greco-Roman world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ascending from the bottom rung: The labor market assimilation of rural-urban migrants in Sweden, 1880–1910 从最底层上升：1880-1910年瑞典城乡移民的劳动力市场同化
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101690
Jonatan Andersson
{"title":"Ascending from the bottom rung: The labor market assimilation of rural-urban migrants in Sweden, 1880–1910","authors":"Jonatan Andersson","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the assimilation of rural-born people into the urban economy in the industrialization context, focusing on Sweden from 1880 to 1910—a time characterized by a notable shift in economic activity towards urban areas. I utilize individual-level data on three cohorts of rural-urban migrants linked across census records, allowing for an examination of their labor market assimilation across all Swedish towns. The main findings suggest that the labor market assimilation of male migrants followed a Chiswick-like process, regardless of the size of the destination area. Initially, migrants displayed a sizeable negative gap in labor market outcomes compared to urban natives, which narrowed with the time spent in the urban area. Nevertheless, they never managed to close the gap over time. By contrast, female migrants displayed few signs of converging with female natives. Migrants’ inability to close the gap was likely due to the non-transferability of skills between the rural and urban sectors. The convergence that did occur can be explained by the potential for upward mobility from the relatively low initial positions migrants entered and, to some extent, negative selection into return migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The wheel of life? The effect of the abolition of the foundling wheel in nineteenth-century Italy 生命之轮？十九世纪意大利废除弃婴轮的影响
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101681
Giuliana Freschi , Marco Molteni
{"title":"The wheel of life? The effect of the abolition of the foundling wheel in nineteenth-century Italy","authors":"Giuliana Freschi ,&nbsp;Marco Molteni","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the effects of abolishing the foundling wheel (<em>ruota</em>) on reproductive decision-making in post-unitary Italy (1863–1882). The <em>ruota</em> was a turning wheel placed on a wall outside foundling homes across Catholic Europe, which offered a means for anonymous infant abandonment. As infant abandonment rates and foundling mortality soared in the nineteenth century, countries began dismantling these systems. Italy mirrored this trend, with provinces abolishing the <em>ruota</em> at different times. We investigate the specific impacts of the <em>ruota</em> abolition on infant abandonment, infant mortality, births, and gender discrimination. To do so, we use a novel longitudinal dataset of Italian provinces and a staggered Difference-in-Difference empirical design. Our findings show a 54.9% decrease in abandonment, a 10.4% decline in infant deaths, and a 4% drop in births after the abolishment of the <em>ruota</em>. This suggests a significant shift in reproductive behavior and family planning in response to policy change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of World War II Army service on income and mobility in the 1960s by ethnoracial group 第二次世界大战军队服役对20世纪60年代少数民族收入和流动性的影响
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101687
Sergio E. Barrera , Andreas Ferrara , Price V. Fishback , Misty L. Heggeness
{"title":"The impact of World War II Army service on income and mobility in the 1960s by ethnoracial group","authors":"Sergio E. Barrera ,&nbsp;Andreas Ferrara ,&nbsp;Price V. Fishback ,&nbsp;Misty L. Heggeness","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We link the 1940 full-count Census to World War II enlistment records and 1969 administrative tax returns to study how WWII service in the Army and Army Airforce impacted the income and mobility of non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American male Army veterans relative to their non-Army counterparts in 1969. The size of our data set provides enough power to shed new light on previously understudied groups, such as Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans. In comparisons of Army veterans with non-Army men, Ordinary Least Squares estimates suggest that WWII Army veterans had higher incomes than non-Army men within the same group, and Army veterans were less likely to change counties between 1940 and 1969 than non-Army men within the non-Hispanic White, Black, and Hispanic groups. Worries about selection bias led us to estimate the effects with a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that compares men who were just too young to serve during World War II to men who were just old enough to serve. Those results showed that Army veterans had lower adjusted gross incomes than non-Army men within the non-Hispanic White, Black, and Asian groups, and slightly higher incomes within the Hispanic and Native American groups. The differences varied by type of income. Migration across county boundaries was lower for Army veterans than non-Army men among non-Hispanic Whites, Asians, and Native Americans, and there were only small differences among Blacks and Hispanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Civil rights protests and election outcomes: Exploring the effects of the poor people’s campaign 民权抗议与选举结果：探究穷人运动的影响
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101686
D. Mark Anderson , Kerwin Kofi Charles , Krzysztof Karbownik , Daniel I. Rees , Camila Steffens
{"title":"Civil rights protests and election outcomes: Exploring the effects of the poor people’s campaign","authors":"D. Mark Anderson ,&nbsp;Kerwin Kofi Charles ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Karbownik ,&nbsp;Daniel I. Rees ,&nbsp;Camila Steffens","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Poor People’s Campaign (PPC) of 1968 was focused on highlighting, and ultimately reducing, poverty in the United States. As part of the campaign, protestors from across the country were transported to Washington, D.C. in 6 separate bus caravans, each of which made stops en route to rest, recruit, and hold non-violent protests. Using data from 1960–1970, we estimate the effects of these protests on congressional election outcomes. In the South, we find that PPC protests led to reductions in Democratic vote share and turnout, while in the West they may have benefited Democratic candidates at the expense of their Republican rivals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mobilizing the manpower of mothers: Childcare under the Lanham Act during WWII 动员母亲的人力：二战期间兰哈姆法案下的儿童保育
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101684
Claudia Goldin , Claudia Olivetti , Joseph Ferrie
{"title":"Mobilizing the manpower of mothers: Childcare under the Lanham Act during WWII","authors":"Claudia Goldin ,&nbsp;Claudia Olivetti ,&nbsp;Joseph Ferrie","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lanham Act was a federal infrastructure bill passed by Congress in 1940 and eventually used to fund programs for the preschool and school-aged children of working women during WWII. It remains, to this day, the only example in US history of an (almost) universal, largely federally supported childcare program. We explore its role in enabling and increasing the labor supply of mothers during WWII using information on the program, war contracts, and employment at the city level. Use of Lanham Act funds for a wartime childcare program was initially controversial. However, the program was eventually well funded per child in average daily attendance and provided generally high-quality care. But it was late to start, limited in scope, and incapable of greatly increasing women’s employment in the aggregate. Childcare facilities were funded more in places that already had higher participation rates of mothers and where the wartime need was the greatest. The impact on the children served is still to be determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Smithian growth in the little divergence: a general equilibrium analysis 小散度中的史密斯增长：一般均衡分析
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101682
David Chilosi , Carlo Ciccarelli
{"title":"Smithian growth in the little divergence: a general equilibrium analysis","authors":"David Chilosi ,&nbsp;Carlo Ciccarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address growing concerns on the representativeness of real wages, we generate new estimates of GDP pc in pre-industrial England and Italy, as well as new exploratory estimates for Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, Spain and Sweden, with <span><span>Groth and Persson's (2016)</span></span> general equilibrium model. Our results question the robustness of the current theoretical consensus on the “little divergence” and suggest an alternative hypothesis: north-western Europe saw faster Smithian growth than the rest of Europe after 1500.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monetary policy at the periphery during the Classical Gold Standard: Italy (1894–1913) 古典金本位制时期外围国家的货币政策：意大利（1894-1913）
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101680
Paolo Di Martino , Fabio C. Bagliano
{"title":"Monetary policy at the periphery during the Classical Gold Standard: Italy (1894–1913)","authors":"Paolo Di Martino ,&nbsp;Fabio C. Bagliano","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes monetary policy in Italy between 1894 and WWI by focusing on the main bank of issue at the time (the <em>Banca d’Italia</em>, BdI) and the Treasury. We show that the Treasury set multiple official rates, and the BdI determined an ”effective” rate transmitted to the market by discounting different bills to the various rates; we provide an original measure of this rate based on primary sources. The BdI changed its rate in response to the domestic market rate (although with a milder reaction than the Treasury), the stock of money in circulation, and its reserve coverage ratio. Changes in the official discount rates in France and Germany also triggered relatively modest reactions. Neither the exchange rate nor the state of the domestic economy affected the setting of the rate. Until the turn of the century, the BdI only targeted corporate goals of profitability and financial soundness, while it also pursued policy aims afterward. In this context, the bank set the discount rate to accumulate reserves for market interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The world’s first global safe asset: British public debt, 1718-1913 世界上第一个全球安全资产：英国国债，1718-1913
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101679
Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez , Gabriel Mathy
{"title":"The world’s first global safe asset: British public debt, 1718-1913","authors":"Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Gabriel Mathy","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses whether British public debt featured a convenience yield during the Classical Gold Standard before World War I, as the US does in modern times. The empirical results support this thesis. Increases in the British debt-to-GDP ratio decreased the convenience yield on British public debt by between 8 and 20 basis points, qualitatively similar to the behavior of US public debt yields post-1926. Interestingly, the relationship between US yields and US public debt during the Classical Gold Standard counters previous findings for modern US times. The international public debt yield spreads between other Gold Standard core countries and Britain were consistently positive and averaged 55 basis points, even though currency and sovereign risk were negligible at that time for the chosen countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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