Explorations in Economic History最新文献_第2页

The world’s first global safe asset: British public debt, 1718-1913 世界上第一个全球安全资产：英国国债，1718-1913

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101679

Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez , Gabriel Mathy

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Do local conditions determine the direction of science? Evidence from U.S. land grant colleges 地方条件决定科学的方向吗？来自美国赠地大学的证据

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101669

Michael J. Andrews , Alexa Smith

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Socioeconomic differences in population growth in 19th century Liaoning, China: a decomposition 19世纪辽宁人口增长的社会经济差异：一个分解

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101678

Cameron Campbell , James Z. Lee

{"title":"Socioeconomic differences in population growth in 19th century Liaoning, China: a decomposition","authors":"Cameron Campbell , James Z. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We decompose population growth in 19th century Liaoning in northeast China into the shares accounted for by different socioeconomic groups, and by time periods with different economic conditions as reflected in grain prices. This decomposition reveals who benefitted the most when social and economic conditions supported population increase. Previous studies of one region for which relevant data are available, northeast China, showed that birth and death rates varied according to community, household, and individual context, but did not investigate differences in growth rates by context, or the shares of population growth accounted for by each group. Using the same dataset, we decompose population growth by synthesizing differentials in mortality and fertility into estimates of implied growth rates of population subgroups and the shares of total population growth they account for. This decomposition framework can be applied in any setting where household registers or other sources allow for the measurement of the mortality and fertility rates of population subgroups at fixed points of time. We show that advantaged socioeconomic groups contributed disproportionately to population growth in northeast China, and that more growth took place when harvests were good, that is when grain prices were low. Even though mortality and fertility responses to grain price fluctuations varied across subgroups, there is no evidence of differential response of growth rates to these fluctuations. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for our understanding of population dynamics in the late Qing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Fertility and mortality responses to short-term economic stress: Evidence from two Hungarian sample populations, 1819-1914 生育率和死亡率对短期经济压力的反应：来自1819-1914年两个匈牙利样本人群的证据

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101671

Péter Őri, Levente Pakot

{"title":"Fertility and mortality responses to short-term economic stress: Evidence from two Hungarian sample populations, 1819-1914","authors":"Péter Őri, Levente Pakot","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demographic response to short-term price fluctuations can be interpreted as an indicator of living standards in pre-modern societies. In this paper, we demonstrate how childbearing and infant and child mortality responded to changes in rye prices in two nineteenth-century Hungarian sub-regions. We conducted a micro-level demographic analysis based on family reconstitution data and multivariate statistical methods (event history analysis). Our findings reveal that both childbearing and child mortality differed between the two regions, and that both were affected by short-term economic fluctuations, but that the responses depended strongly on local economic, demographic and socio-cultural conditions. Child mortality responded markedly to rising rye prices, but in our Central Hungarian study population with high fertility and high infant and child mortality, this response was stronger than in our West Hungarian study population with more modest child mortality and fertility. At the same time, the mortality response to changing prices increased over time in both populations as a result of local industrialization in the latter and modernization of the surrounding region in the former. An immediate and presumably deliberate fertility response of the landless to rising food prices was more characteristic of the Western study population before 1870 while it was not observed in the Central population. Our results, therefore, emphasize the similarities with evidence from other European or Asian communities, and – at the same time – the importance of local context in explaining our findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The paradox of slave collateral 奴隶抵押品的悖论

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101670

Rajesh P. Narayanan , Jonathan Pritchett

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Land Inequality and Demographic Outcomes: The Relationship between Access to Land and the Demographic System in 19th-century Rural Tuscany 土地不平等与人口结果：19世纪托斯卡纳乡村土地获取与人口制度的关系

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101668

M. Manfredini , A. Fornasin , M. Breschi

{"title":"Land Inequality and Demographic Outcomes: The Relationship between Access to Land and the Demographic System in 19th-century Rural Tuscany","authors":"M. Manfredini , A. Fornasin , M. Breschi","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In pre-industrial rural Italy, the disparities among smallholders, sharecroppers, and day laborers were starkly defined by their unequal access to land, which significantly influenced their living standards, family structures, and socioeconomic conditions. This paper uses nominative data from 1819 to 1859 to first explore how the different peasant categories adjusted their demographic behaviors according to their tie to the land, and then how they were possibly modified when short-term stressors, such as price increase and/or epidemics, altered the existing equilibrium.</div><div>The results reveal that the groups with access to land where less vulnerable and less susceptible to economic crises compared to day laborers, who relied entirely on the market for essential food supplies. During periods of high prices, day laborers experienced a rapid decline in their economic situation, leading to increased mortality, migration, and postponement of marriages. However, access to land was also associated with a demographic pattern aimed at both controlling household consumption and maximizing the male labor force. This included strict control over marriages, increased fertility, and selective mobility, all of which could intensify during crises and periods of rising prices.</div><div>These findings underscore the inadequacy of the simplistic classification of landed versus landless groups, emphasizing the necessity for a more sophisticated understanding of households based on their relationship and connections with the land.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Economic stress and migration in early modern Japan: Rural-urban comparative evidence from population registers 近代早期日本的经济压力与移民：来自人口登记的城乡比较证据

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101667

Satomi KUROSU , Hao DONG

{"title":"Economic stress and migration in early modern Japan: Rural-urban comparative evidence from population registers","authors":"Satomi KUROSU , Hao DONG","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of economic stress on out-migration behaviors using individual-level panel data transcribed from local population registers of three villages and a neighboring town in northeastern Japan in 1708–1870. Economic stress under study includes local economic hardship, measured by rice price fluctuations, and large-scale famines. We apply multinomial logistic models to examine competing risks of migration for various reasons and to compare rural and non-rural populations. The likelihood of service-related migration declined while that of illegal absconding increased during times of economic hardship. Rural residents were more vulnerable to famines, whereas urban residents were more affected by rice price fluctuations. Moreover, systematic socioeconomic heterogeneities existed in the migration responses to economic stress between the landowner/tax-payer and landless/non-tax-payer classes. Overall, this study dissects the complex dynamics of migration responses to economic stress, revealing significant variations based on migration reasons, socioeconomic status, and rural-urban contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the role of training data for supervised methods of automated record linkage: Lessons for best practice in economic history 考察训练数据在自动记录链接的监督方法中的作用：经济史上最佳实践的教训

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101656

James J Feigenbaum , Jonas Helgertz , Joseph Price

{"title":"Examining the role of training data for supervised methods of automated record linkage: Lessons for best practice in economic history","authors":"James J Feigenbaum , Jonas Helgertz , Joseph Price","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the past decade, scholars have produced a vast amount of research using linked historical individual-level data, shaping and changing our understanding of the past. This linked data revolution has been powered by methodological and computational advances, partly focused on supervised machine-learning methods that rely on training data. The importance of obtaining high-quality training data for the performance of the record linkage algorithm largely, however, remains unknown. This paper comprehensively examines the role of training data, and—by extension—improves our understanding of best practices in supervised methods of probabilistic record linkage. First, we compare the speed and costs of building training data using different methods. Second, we document high rates of conditional accuracy across the training data sets, rates that are especially high when built with access to more information. Third, we show that data constructed by record linking algorithms learning from different training-data-generation methods do not substantially differ in their accuracy, either overall or across demographic groups, though algorithms tend to perform best when their feature space aligns with the features used to build the training data. Lastly, we introduce errors in the training data and find that the examined record linking algorithms are remarkably capable of making accurate links even working with flawed training data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Balancing economic stress: The role of rural–urban migration in nineteenth-century East Belgium 平衡经济压力：19世纪东比利时城乡移民的作用

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101666

George C. Alter , Michel Oris

{"title":"Balancing economic stress: The role of rural–urban migration in nineteenth-century East Belgium","authors":"George C. Alter , Michel Oris","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we propose an integrated view of both the rural and the urban sides of migration in 19th century East Belgium. We study two rural areas, Ardennes and the Pays de Herve, with diverging agrarian structures and pathways to modernization. Both areas faced the challenge of population pressure due to high fertility and falling mortality. Between them was a textile town, Verviers, which was one of the cradles of industrial revolution in continental Europe. Young people in rural areas engaged in circular migrations with the goal of marrying and establishing new households, which became increasingly difficult in communities with growing populations and diminishing opportunities. Moving from farm to farm also increased as the ownership of farmland became more concentrated and unequal. Those who did not succeed in the countryside moved to Verviers and rarely returned to their rural roots. Instead, they entered a different migratory system within the urban-industrial agglomeration. When urban economic conditions were bad, migrants from Ardennes and the Pays de Herve did not leave Verviers for other industrial areas. They preferred to remain close to kin living in the villages. Overall, migration flows responded weakly to short-term fluctuations in prices and industrial activity, but rural-urban migrations relieved growing economic stress in the countryside.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Gains from factory electrification: Evidence from North Carolina, 1905–1926 工厂电气化的收益：来自北卡罗来纳州的证据，1905-1926

IF 2.6 1区历史学

Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101654

Will Damron

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