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Explorations in Economic History最新文献

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Protestantism and human capital: Evidence from early 20th century Ireland 新教与人力资本：来自20世纪初爱尔兰的证据
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101647
Alan Fernihough, Stuart Henderson
{"title":"Protestantism and human capital: Evidence from early 20th century Ireland","authors":"Alan Fernihough, Stuart Henderson","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101647","url":null,"abstract":"Using a large individual-level dataset, we explore the significance of religious affiliation for human capital variation in Ireland at the turn of the twentieth century. We construct a large sample based on the returns of male household heads in the 1901 census and explore variation in literacy across the three principal denominations: Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism and Presbyterianism. Protestantism, particularly Presbyterianism, is associated with higher levels of human capital. This denominational effect is remarkably robust, even when accounting for various control variables and alternative modelling specifications. Supplementary analyses reveal that these literacy disparities existed before the foundation of centralised national schooling in 1831 and were independent of school attendance, as Presbyterians exhibited lower attendance rates than Anglicans. We suggest that denomination mattered because it affected the incentives to accrue literacy ability to fully participate in religious and wider cultural life.","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Agglomeration and creativity in early modern Britain 近代早期英国的集聚与创造力
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101644
Gary W. Cox , Valentin Figueroa
{"title":"Agglomeration and creativity in early modern Britain","authors":"Gary W. Cox ,&nbsp;Valentin Figueroa","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When did western cities become the engines of creativity modern theorists envision them to be? We approach this issue by investigating how much elite authors benefited from agglomerating in early modern London. Building a new panel dataset documenting the place of residence and annual publications of 2,026 prolific authors over the period 1482–1800, we conduct longitudinal author-level analyses. Our results suggest agglomeration benefits in London’s knowledge economy reached levels comparable to those documented in modern cities by the late 16th century. Exploring mechanisms, we find that moving to London improved opportunities for collaboration and, relatedly, the quality of books produced. We find similar agglomeration economies (and mechanisms) in the towns leading Britain’s industrial revolution in the 18th century (but not before).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who collaborates with the Soviets? Financial distress and technology transfer during the Great Depression 谁与苏联合作？大萧条时期的金融危机和技术转让
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101637
Jerry Jiang, Jacob P. Weber
{"title":"Who collaborates with the Soviets? Financial distress and technology transfer during the Great Depression","authors":"Jerry Jiang, Jacob P. Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101637","url":null,"abstract":"We provide evidence that financial distress induces firms to sell their technology to foreign competitors. To do so, we construct a novel, spatial panel dataset by individually researching and locating U.S. firms who signed Technology Transfer Agreements (TTAs) with the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s in various U.S. counties. By relating the number of TTAs signed in each county to the number of bank failures, we establish a significant, positive relationship between financial distress and the number of firms signing TTAs with the Soviet Union. Our findings suggest that banking panics may create opportunities for foreign countries to acquire affected firms’ technology.","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monumental effects: Confederate monuments in the Post-Reconstruction South 纪念碑效应：重建后南方的邦联纪念碑
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101635
Alexander N. Taylor
{"title":"Monumental effects: Confederate monuments in the Post-Reconstruction South","authors":"Alexander N. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101635","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the contemporaneous effects of Confederate monuments dedicated in the Post-Reconstruction South. I combine monument, election, and census data to create an election-year panel dataset of former Confederate counties between 1878–1912, then exploit the temporally staggered and geographically distributed dedication of monuments using a generalized difference-in-differences design. I find that monuments caused increases in Democratic Party vote share and decreases in voter turnout, with less robust decreases in Black population share. I find some evidence that more intense monument-building is associated with a decrease in Black lynchings. I also find varying effects based on the era of monument dedication, the intensity of monument-building, and monument characteristics. To address potential mechanisms, I present evidence that monuments were associated with increased use of famous Confederate names for children and show that decreases in voter turnout occurred exclusively in areas with larger Black population shares. Overall, my results suggest monuments promoted a distorted view of Civil War history that primarily persuaded southern whites, but also contributed to Black political suppression. The findings have implications for current debates over Confederate monuments in the United States.","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incredible commitment: Influence accumulation, consensus-making, and the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 难以置信的承诺：影响力的积累，共识的形成，以及波兰立陶宛联邦的崩溃
IF 2.3 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101633
Mikołaj Malinowski
{"title":"Incredible commitment: Influence accumulation, consensus-making, and the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth","authors":"Mikołaj Malinowski","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101633","url":null,"abstract":"I aim to explain the petrification of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's parliament due to the veto in the 17th and 18th centuries. I study genealogical data on senatorial ancestors and identify the formation of an oligarchic elite. I propose that the accumulation of influence by powerful individuals undermined their vested interest in the state's continuation. This weakened the elite's ability to credibly commit to political agreements, reach consensus, and sustain the extractive regime. I argue that the overly limited king failed to act as an arbiter in oligarchic disputes. This challenges the conventional view regarding the benefits of limited royal authority.","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are some piece rates better than others? Cross-sectional variation in piece rates at a US cotton factory 有些计件工资率比其他计件工资率高吗？美国一家棉纺厂计件工资的横截面变化
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101631
Joyce Burnette
{"title":"Are some piece rates better than others? Cross-sectional variation in piece rates at a US cotton factory","authors":"Joyce Burnette","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While piece rates were a common form of payment in manufacturing, historians have rarely tried to understand the cross-sectional structure of piece-rate prices. This paper examines piece rates paid to weavers at a US cotton factory and demonstrates that in most cases expected daily earnings were constant across different piece rates. While some rates did result in higher daily earnings, there is no evidence of gender discrimination in the assignment of such rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reservoirs of power: The political legacy of dam construction in Franco’s Spain 权力水库：佛朗哥时期西班牙大坝建设的政治遗产
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101628
Gema Lax-Martinez
{"title":"Reservoirs of power: The political legacy of dam construction in Franco’s Spain","authors":"Gema Lax-Martinez","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper delves into infrastructure projects initiated during the dictatorship in Spain, particularly the construction of reservoirs and dams. These projects were instrumental in bolstering support for right-wing factions advocating for Franco’s regime over the years. However, our research reveals a notable trend: areas where dams were erected by the regime demonstrate diminished political backing for right-wing parties in the post-dictatorship era. We present evidence suggesting that this phenomenon is driven by the use of forced labor in dam construction by the regime, as inferred from the proximity to concentration camps. To address endogeneity concerns, we instrument dam construction with river gradient suitability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wealth and history: A reappraisal 财富与历史：重新评估
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101624
Daniel Waldenström
{"title":"Wealth and history: A reappraisal","authors":"Daniel Waldenström","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study revisits trends and drivers of wealth inequality and accumulation since the onset of industrialization. Empirical analysis reveals that Western countries are both wealthier and more equal today than a century ago. Wealth concentration has declined in all countries over the past century, remaining at historically low levels in Europe, while rising in the United States. These trends are largely driven by new wealth accumulation among the lower and middle classes, primarily through housing and pension savings, rather than a decline in the fortunes of the affluent. The findings challenge the view that unregulated capitalism inevitably leads to extreme wealth concentration and question the idea that wealth equalization requires shocks to capital, such as wars or progressive taxation. Instead, the evidence emphasizes the equitable effects of economic and political institutions that enable ordinary individuals to build personal wealth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Black–white lifetime earnings gap 黑人与白人终生收入差距
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101629
Ezra Karger , Anthony Wray
{"title":"The Black–white lifetime earnings gap","authors":"Ezra Karger ,&nbsp;Anthony Wray","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The average white male born in 1900 earned 2.6 times more labor income over their lifetime than the average Black male. This gap is nearly twice as large as the more commonly studied cross-sectional Black–white earnings gap because 48% of Black males born in 1900 died before the age of 30 as compared to just 26% of white males. We calibrate a model of optimal consumption in a world with mortality risk to data describing the life-cycle earnings and survival probabilities of Black and white males born between 1900 and 1970. We find that convergence in Black and white mortality rates led to a 50% reduction in Black–white welfare gaps between the 1900 and 1920 birth cohorts, even as cross-sectional Black–white income gaps for those cohorts remained relatively constant. However, the Black–white welfare gap stagnated for the 1920 to 1970 birth cohorts as gaps in Black–white life expectancy and income remained stable and large.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Speed of convergence in a Malthusian world: Weak or strong homeostasis? 马尔萨斯世界的趋同速度：弱平衡还是强平衡？
IF 2.6 1区 历史学
Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101634
Arnaud Deseau
{"title":"Speed of convergence in a Malthusian world: Weak or strong homeostasis?","authors":"Arnaud Deseau","doi":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Malthusian trap is a well recognized source of stagnation in per capita income prior to industrialization. However, previous studies have found mixed evidence about its exact strength. This article contributes to this ongoing debate by estimating the speed of convergence for a panel of 9 preindustrial European economies over a long period of time (14th–18th century). The analysis relies on a calibrated Malthusian model for England and <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>-convergence regressions. I find evidence of significant differences in the strength of the Malthusian trap between preindustrial European economies. The strongest estimated Malthusian trap is in Sweden, with a half-life of 20 years. The weakest estimated Malthusian trap is in England, with a half-life of about 230 years. This implies that some preindustrial economies were able to experience prolonged variations in their standards of living after a shock, while still being subject to Malthusian stagnation in the long run.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47413,"journal":{"name":"Explorations in Economic History","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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