Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Demographic and Pathological Features of 430 Cases of Lymphoma from a Tertiary Hospital in Seremban, Malaysia (2015-2022).","authors":"Kean Ghee Lim, Muhammad Nabil Nasarudin, Hui Yang Catherine Khaw, Jing Yee Lim, Nuha Sabrina Nordin, Aishath Ana Ibrahim Hameed, Noor Hasni Shamsudin, Ismail Abdul Sattar Burud, Suneet Sood","doi":"10.21315/mjms-03-2025-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-03-2025-214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lymphoma, including both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin types, is the fourth most common cancer in Malaysia. Few large studies have examined the frequencies and patterns of occurrence. This study describes the epidemiology of lymphoma in Malaysia based on cases from a public hospital, and compares demographic characteristics, distribution, subtypes, and anatomical sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban, Malaysia. Admitted patients who had received medical or surgical treatment for lymphoma between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 430 cases were recorded. The distribution between extranodal (52.1%) and nodal (46.0%) lymphoma was nearly equal. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) accounted for 16.3% of cases, with a mean age at presentation of 37 years, compared with 55.7 years for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common NHL subtype, representing 44.2% of all lymphoma cases. Among patients with staging information, 63% were diagnosed at stage IV. Males comprised 61% of the population. The predominant ethnic group was Malay (70.2%). The largest age group was 60 to 69 years (32.2%). Follicular lymphoma occurred less frequently than in Western and other Asian countries but was more common among ethnic Indians in Malaysia. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, like other large B-cell lymphomas, was more frequent among Malays. Ethnic Indians also showed higher rates of HL (30.7%) and lower rates of DLBCL (25.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights many similarities in the distribution of lymphoma in Malaysia compared with patterns observed in the region and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"82-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Trigona Honey as a Supplementary Therapy for Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke.","authors":"Mohd Haniff Abu Zarim, Anis Kausar Ghazali, Sanihah Abdul Halim, Engku Nur Syafirah Engku Abd Rahman, Manal Abdel Haleem A Abusalah, Yean Yean Chan, Sabarisah Hashim","doi":"10.21315/mjms-05-2025-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-05-2025-359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a common, yet often underrecognised, consequence of acute ischaemic stroke. Despite its prevalence, therapeutic strategies targeting VCI remain limited. Trigona honey, known for its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, may offer a novel adjunctive intervention to improve cognitive outcomes after stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomised controlled study involved 48 patients diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke. Participants were randomly assigned to two equal groups: an intervention group receiving daily supplementation with Trigona honey (<i>n</i> = 24) and a control group without supplementation (<i>n</i> = 24). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), and global disability was measured using the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). Assessments were conducted at baseline and after three months of intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 66.7% of participants were male, with most exhibiting mild cognitive impairment. After three months, the intervention group showed significant improvement in MOCA scores (from 20.08 ± 4.53 to 24.33 ± 3.64), while the control group showed only a modest increase (from 18.42 ± 5.12 to 19.67 ± 6.31). The between-group difference in MOCA scores was 4.25 (95% CI: 3.07, 5.43; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Functional status also improved significantly in the Trigona honey group, with a mean change in MRS score of -1.29 (95% CI: -1.71, -0.87; <i>P</i> < 0.001), indicating enhanced independence compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trigona honey supplementation significantly improved cognitive performance and functional outcomes in patients with VCI following ischaemic stroke, supporting its role as a promising adjunct in stroke rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SF1, a Standardised Fraction from <i>Clinacanthus nutans</i> Modulates Notch1 Signalling in Cervical Cancer Stem-Like Cells.","authors":"Faridah Ismail, Yusmazura Zakaria, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan, Suat Cheng Tan","doi":"10.21315/mjms-04-2025-279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-04-2025-279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aberrant activation of Notch1 signalling in Cervical Cancer Stem Cells (CCSCs) plays a key role in the disease development, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance. Thus, targeting Notch1 is crucial for CCSC eradication. SF1, a standardised fraction from <i>Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans)</i>, has shown potent cytotoxic effects against cervical cancer cells, including CCSCs. However, its mechanism is uncertain. This study aimed to elucidate whether SF1 can inhibit Notch1 signalling in CCSCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SF1 was isolated from <i>C. nutans</i> leaves using a bioassay-guided fractionation. For CCSC enrichment, the human cervical cancer cell line SiHa was grown as non-adherent cells in stem cell-conditioned media (cervospheres) and characterised using sphere formation assay and flow cytometric analysis of stemness markers CD49f, CK17, Sox2, Nanog, and Oct4. The cells were then subjected to SF1 treatment, and Notch1 activity was examined using Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study discovered that SiHa cervospheres were efficient at forming spheres and contained more Sox2- and Nanog-positive cells than SiHa monolayers. In addition, cervospheres exhibited elevated Notch1 activity, with higher levels of the active <i>Notch1</i> intracellular domain (NICD) protein and Notch1 mRNA than their monolayer counterparts. Following SF1 treatment, NICD protein levels in the cervospheres were significantly reduced, while Notch1 mRNA levels increased. These findings indicate that SF1 modulates <i>Notch1</i> signalling at the post-transcriptional or post-translational level. However, the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SF1 possesses antitumor effects against SiHa-derived CCSCs via modulation of Notch1-signalling, a pathway associated with Cancer Stem Cells stemness.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"38-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Cognition Crisis: Urgent Call to Address Air Pollution and Extreme Heat Impacts in Learning Environments of Children in South and Southeast Asia.","authors":"Pooja Swami Sahni, Surat Dewan, Manya Sachdeva, Nayomi Ranathunga, Widad Fadhullah, Jafri Malin Abdullah, Tusar Roy, Bidhan Pal, Shoukat Baloch, Bikash Adhikari, Burcin Ikiz, Jyoti Mishra","doi":"10.21315/mjms-08-2025-s02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-08-2025-s02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The climate crisis combined with air pollution is increasingly disrupting the foundational conditions for healthy cognitive development and learning, particularly among children in vulnerable regions. In South and Southeast Asia, escalating levels of air pollution and extreme heat are synergistically threatening the neurocognitive health, educational attainment, and long-term potential of millions of children. Many schools in the region lack adequate ventilation, cooling infrastructure, and environmental monitoring, leaving children vulnerable to both acute and chronic health impacts. The review explores the effects of air pollution and extreme heat on cognitive function, behaviour, and academic performance in children. It highlights the urgent need to prioritise children's brain health in climate adaptation, education, and public health agendas. Beyond outlining the problem, the article identifies critical gaps and opportunities for action. It stresses the need for real-time, child-centred data as a missing link for informed decision-making. The lack of public awareness and a compelling narrative around the climate cognition link is also examined as a driver of inaction. Finally, the article offers a science-driven blueprint for change, outlining a path forward that integrates neuroscience, environmental monitoring, education reform, and equity-focused policy. Understanding and responding to this \"climate cognition crisis\" is not only a public health and developmental imperative, but also central to building resilient, future-ready societies in South and Southeast Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Drivers of Food Waste in Malaysian Public Hospitals (MyHoFWa Study).","authors":"Nurul Alia Aqilah Samiun, Nurul Huda Razalli, Suzana Shahar, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Zurina Kefeli, Norshariza Jamhuri","doi":"10.21315/mjms-05-2025-379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-05-2025-379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the perspectives and experiences of hospital food service personnel in managing food waste may aid in determining the factors that influence food waste. However, such research is still scarce globally. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing food wastage in Malaysian public hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative research was performed in four Malaysian public hospitals and used purposive sampling to select participants for one-to-one interviews because of their role as key informants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Themes such as patient culture and background, the quality and variety of food choices, the complexity of the ordering system, staff competency and attitude, environmental factors, treatment procedures, and patient clinical condition were identified using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rather than focusing solely on patient experiences, this study explores other factors influencing food wastage in Malaysian public hospitals based on the experiences of hospital food services staff in managing food wastage.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Stroke Care at Universiti Sains Malaysia Specialist Hospital, Malaysia (1983-2025): Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Sanihah Abdul Halim, Mohamad Masykurin Mafauzy, Nur Asma Sapiai, Nasibah Mohamad, Muhammad Ihfaz Ismail, Mohd Hafizuddin Husin, Bazli Md Yusoff, Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi, Muhammad Syahir Mohamad Fauzi, Wan Syahmi Wan Mohamad, Song Yee Ang, Diana Noma Fitzrol, Zaitun Zakaria, Al Hafiz Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Aiman Wan Ab Rahman, Nur Adilah Bokti, Laila Ab Mukmin, Mohamad Hasyizan Hassan, W Mohd Nazaruddin W Hassan, Izzat Ismail, Rose Izura Abdul Hamid, Saidatul Manera Mohd Daud, Zulzamri Ismail, Salmi Zura Mohd Salleh, Rosni Mane, Kamarul Aryffin Baharuddin, Mohd Shafie Abdullah, Ab Rahman Izaini Ghani, Zamzuri Idris, Jafri Malin Abdullah","doi":"10.21315/mjms-08-2025-575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-08-2025-575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke remains a significant global health burden and is the third leading cause of mortality in Malaysia. Despite advances in the management of acute ischaemic stroke through reperfusion therapies, such as intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy, access to these treatments remains limited in many parts of Malaysia due to high costs and infrastructural constraints. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Specialist Hospital, located in Kelantan state, has transitioned into a comprehensive stroke centre, particularly addressing the needs of suburban and rural populations. USM Specialist Hospital has implemented a multidisciplinary, protocol-driven stroke service that encompasses a rapid triage system, 24-h neuroimaging, reperfusion therapies, a dedicated acute stroke unit, neurocritical care services, cerebrovascular neurosurgery services, and a comprehensive rehabilitation programme. This coordinated stroke management model has improved clinical outcomes, patient survival, and functional recovery rates. The USM Specialist Hospital experience highlights the importance of structured, multidisciplinary stroke care pathways in enhancing treatment access and optimising outcomes, particularly in resource-limited healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"143-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Optimal Timed Up and Go Test Cut-Offs for Fall Risk in Older Adults in Institutional Care in Malaysia.","authors":"Zahira Zohari, Hakimah Sallehuddin, Azliza Rahim, Hazwan Mat Din, Nurfaizah Saibul, Asiah Jafri, Shafikah Rahim, Faizah Nasir, Sri Saliza Salleh, Wan Rabiatul Adawiah Wan Rosdi","doi":"10.21315/mjms-05-2025-367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-05-2025-367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test effectively identifies risk of fall, especially in institutional care settings with limited resources. This is the first Malaysian study assessing the validity of the TUG test against the Downton Fall Risk Index (DFRI) and establishing an optimal TUG cut-off for institutional settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included residents aged > 60 years who could ambulate independently with or without aid from Rumah Seri Kenangan Cheras. Demographic data, TUG test scores, and DFRI scores were collected for fall risk assessment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the validity of TUG, with the area under the curve (AUC) measuring sensitivity and specificity, and the Youden Index identifying the optimal cut-off.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 192 residents, 92 (47.9%) fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age was 72.24 years (standard deviation, SD = 8.42), and 33.7% were classified as having a high risk of falling (DFRI ≥ 3). The TUG test showed an AUC of 0.65 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.54-0.77, <i>P</i> = 0.018), indicating moderate validity. A cut-off of 12.5 s achieved high sensitivity (93.5%) and low specificity (34.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TUG test cut-off point identified was 12.5 s, which is lower than the standard 13.5 s reported for community-dwelling older adults. This difference reflects the unique characteristics of institutionalised older adults, who often experience greater physical and cognitive impairments. Environmental factors and methodological variations may contribute to this discrepancy, emphasising the need to set specific cut-off points to assess risk of fall in this population accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Related to Febrile Seizures Among Children at Abdul Moeloek Regional Hospital in Lampung Province.","authors":"Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani, Ardina Marista, Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis Wardani, Suharmanto Suharmanto, Tri Umiana Soleha","doi":"10.21315/mjms-05-2025-369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-05-2025-369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Febrile seizures are a significant neurological condition that affects children between the ages of 6 and 60 months and can lead to long-term neurological outcomes, such as neurological, cognitive, and memory impairments. Despite their high global incidence, contributing factors and regional variations are not fully understood, particularly in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted at Abdul Moeloek Regional Hospital in Lampung Province, Indonesia, to identify factors associated with febrile seizures among children under five years of age. A total of 72 children with fevers were selected through consecutive sampling in December 2020. Data on body temperature during seizures, fever duration, gender, age, family history of seizures, and birth weight were collected through structured interviews and medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. The results indicated significant associations between febrile seizures and body temperatures exceeding 39°C (<i>P</i> = 0.047; OR = 4.00), fever duration ≤24 hours (<i>P</i> = 0.030; OR = 3.35), male gender (<i>P</i> = 0.010; OR = 4.96), positive family history of seizures (<i>P</i> = 0.001; OR = 7.75), and low birth weight < 2,500 grams (<i>P</i> = 0.017; OR = 3.64). Multivariate analysis confirmed family history of seizures (β = 2.285, <i>P</i> = 0.001), male gender (β = 1.954, <i>P</i> = 0.005), and elevated body temperature (β = 1.525, <i>P</i> = 0.045) as independent risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Febrile seizures are significantly associated with a positive family history of seizures, male sex, and elevated body temperature. Awareness of these risk factors may improve early recognition and management, ultimately improving paediatric neurological health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factor Assessments and Lipid Management Patterns in Hospitalised Patients in Malaysia: The Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Study.","authors":"Azhari Rosman, Zhi Ling Looi, Mayuresh Fegade, Chan Ho Thum","doi":"10.21315/mjms-04-2025-294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-04-2025-294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) result in dyslipidaemia, increasing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As of 2022, Malaysian population (56.7%) demonstrated high LDL-C, necessitating an analysis of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), comorbidities and treatment using lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) to achieve target LDL-C < 1.4 mmol/L, as per Malaysian guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study of 431 hospitalised patients (≥ 18 years) with elevated LDL-C levels from the National Heart Institute, Malaysia, assessed CVRFs, comorbidities, treatment patterns, and the proportion of patients achieving LDL-C goals (< 1.8 mmol/L, < 1.4 mmol/L, and < 1.0 mmol/L) after LLT. The association pattern of CVRFs was studied in patients achieving the target goal of < 1.4 mmol/L.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 60.53 (9.86) years, with the majority being male (79.35%), non-smokers (84.78%), and Malay (61.48%). Most patients (88.40%) had acute coronary syndrome, and the most prevalent risk factors were systemic hypertension (76.33%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (51.97%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (28.54%). Monotherapy with high-intensity statins was the most common LLT. At 1 year, 48.26%, 24.83% and 7.66% of patients had achieved target goals of < 1.8 mmol/L, < 1.4 mmol/L, and < 1.0 mmol/L, respectively. Poor LDL-C achievement was observed among patients with DM and recurrent events (<i>P</i> = 0.0097), left ventricular ejection fraction < 35% (<i>P</i> = 0.0325), and age > 75 years (<i>P</i> = 0.0087).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypertension, diabetes and CKD are prevalent risk factors, and despite high-intensity statins, only 24.83% of patients achieved the LDL-C target goal. Thus, the use of combination therapy and innovative therapies is necessary to improve ASCVD management in Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"90-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaping Among Malaysian Students 2022-2024: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Awareness and Influencing Factors.","authors":"Vitalis Ronald Eden, Hazrina Hamid, Mohd Sabri Mohamad, Sreemoy Kanti Das, Regidor Iii Dioso","doi":"10.21315/mjms-04-2025-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-04-2025-261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of e-cigarette use among students in Malaysia has raised significant public health concerns. Although various individual studies have explored this issue across different educational settings, a consolidated understanding of usage patterns, awareness, and influencing factors remains limited. This systematic review aims to synthesise the current evidence on the prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and determinants of e-cigarette use among students in Malaysian higher education institutions. We conducted a systematic search across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant cross-sectional studies published between January 2022 and December 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles involving students from universities and colleges in Malaysia aged 17 to 40 years. Data extraction captured prevalence rates, participant demographics, knowledge and attitudes toward vaping, and key influencing factors. Nine studies, encompassing data from 2,828 students across diverse geographic and academic settings in Malaysia, met the inclusion criteria. The reported prevalence of e-cigarette use ranged from 2.9% to 32%, with considerable variation across regions and academic disciplines. Peer influence emerged as the most frequently cited determinant of use, followed by social trends, media exposure, and stress relief. While general awareness of e-cigarettes and their risks was relatively high, gaps in knowledge and preventive behaviours were consistently observed. Institutions with a healthcare-focused curriculum demonstrated lower prevalence rates and higher knowledge scores. Although awareness of e-cigarette risks is widespread among students, inconsistent knowledge and insufficient behavioural interventions persist, highlighting the need for targeted health education initiatives and peer-led prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 5","pages":"21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}