Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Myopia in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Malaysian Prevalence Studies.","authors":"Eudocia Shu Yi Tan, Puneet Agarwal, Cheong Lieng Teng","doi":"10.21315/mjms-08-2025-592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-08-2025-592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myopia is a common eye problem that has increased in prevalence worldwide, including in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years in Malaysia and its associated sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline were used in this study. We searched PubMed and Scopus, supplemented by a targeted Google Scholar search, for studies published from 1990 to 2024 on the prevalence of myopia in Malaysia. Myopia was defined as a refractive error ≥ -0.50 D.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included 14 quality-assessed studies from seven states in Malaysia, covering 13,367 children and adolescents. The overall pooled prevalence of childhood myopia from 1990 to 2024 was 17.18% (95% CI: 9.98, 25.86). The prevalence of myopia was notably lower among children aged 0 to 6 years at 2.54% (95% CI: 0.66, 5.60) than among children aged 7 to 12 years at 26.48% (95% CI: 17.29, 36.84) and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years at 42.71% (95% CI: 26.80, 59.44). The prevalence of myopia was higher in females than in males (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.32). The Chinese population had the highest prevalence of myopia at 44.62% (95% CI: 35.94, 53.47) compared with other ethnicities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that at least four in 10 children and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years are likely to have myopia in Malaysia. Targeted clinical and public health interventions should prioritise high-risk groups, particularly females, individuals of Chinese ethnicity, and those aged 7 to 18 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Chiropractic Care on Auditory Attention in Healthy Individuals: An Analysis of the P300 Event-Related Potentials Component.","authors":"Tahamina Begum, Courtney Bliese, Emily Drake, Margaret Sliwka, Stephanie Sullivan, Mohammed Faruque Reza","doi":"10.21315/mjms-10-2025-709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-10-2025-709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of chiropractic care on auditory attention, as measured by event-related potentials (ERP), has not been examined in healthy young adults. This study aimed to assess the impact of a single chiropractic session on auditory attention by analysing the amplitude and latency of the P300 ERP component within the auditory oddball paradigm in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight healthy adults participated in this chiropractic intervention study. ERP experiments were performed both before (pre-group) and one week after (post-group) a single chiropractic care session. During the experiments, a 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG)/ERP cap was used, and participants silently counted the target tone while disregarding standard tones. The amplitude and latency of the P300 ERP component were analysed using a standardised 10-20 EEG system across 19 electrode channels. A non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (pairwise) was used to compare data groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The topographic map distribution revealed a widespread pattern during standard stimuli and a more localised pattern during target stimuli in the post-group than in the pre-group. Significantly higher P300 amplitudes were observed at Cz (<i>P</i> = 0.013) and O1 (<i>P</i> = 0.012), along with a significantly shorter P300 latency at P7 (<i>P</i> = 0.042) in the post-group than in the pre-group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher P300 amplitudes and shorter P300 latencies indicated improved attention. This evidence suggests that chiropractic care may enhance auditory attention in healthy individuals. However, its clinical importance remains uncertain. Therefore, it is premature to recommend chiropractic care as a treatment for boosting auditory attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"67-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Chinese Social Constraints Scale Among Malaysian Chinese Postpartum Mothers.","authors":"Su Rou Low, Suzanna Awang Bono, Zaireeni Azmi, Engku Husna Engku Ismail","doi":"10.21315/mjms-09-2025-617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-09-2025-617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Chinese and collectivist cultures, discussing personal feelings is often considered inappropriate or discouraged, even for postpartum mothers. As a self-reported measure of social responses that inhibit the expression of stressful thoughts, feelings, and experiences, the Social Constraints Scale has been widely validated among cancer and bereaved populations, leaving postpartum mothers unattended.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Social Constraints Scale (C-SCS) among Chinese postpartum women in Malaysia. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among 130 Malaysian women in their first postpartum year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis revealed three underlying factors in the C-SCS, explaining 61.16% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis based on a three-factor structure showed the best fit (<i>P</i> < 0.001) after omitting item 3 due to low factor loading. The C-SCS demonstrated excellent reliability with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.90 and McDonald's Omega of 0.90. The three-factor model of the C-SCS exhibited different factor loadings compared with the Greek Social Constraints Scale, suggesting that these differences stem from postpartum and sociocultural contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The C-SCS displayed excellent psychometric properties, making it a reliable and valid measure for screening social constraints and identifying help-seeking barriers among postpartum women in Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"117-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Gratitude and Responsibility: Reimagining Malaysia's Healthcare System at a Crossroads.","authors":"Mahathar Abd Wahab, Peter Gan Kim Soon, Huan-Keat Chan","doi":"10.21315/mjms-12-2025-s04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-12-2025-s04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This editorial is written not only from a policymaker perspective, but also as a reflection from citizens who will one day depend on the system we are rebuilding. Malaysia's public healthcare system, a comprehensive and heavily subsidised national asset built over generations, stands at a critical crossroads. While past investments have yielded equitable access and strong health outcomes, mounting pressures, including a surge in non-communicable diseases, rapid population ageing, and unsustainable medical inflation, now threaten its foundations. Meaningful reform is therefore an act of collective responsibility, not as evidence of past failures. We outline a transformation anchored in three interdependent drivers: (i) sustainable financing through a hybrid model that pools diversified revenues while protecting the poor from catastrophic payments; (ii) integrated service delivery that repositions primary care as the system's backbone, supported by digital connectivity and strategic public-private partnerships to ensure seamless patient journeys; (iii) a resilient workforce characterized by clearer career pathways, equitable deployment, and genuine investment in well-being. Ultimately, reform succeeds only when it preserves the trust between those who give and those who receive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Supply and Draining Vein of Cerebellectomy Area.","authors":"Lee Wei Lun, Zamzuri Idris, Muhammad Ihfaz Ismail","doi":"10.21315/mjms-01-2026-072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-01-2026-072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Regulation of ERK1/2-c-Fos Signalling Pathway in Newcastle Disease Virus-Induced Apoptosis of Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells.","authors":"Seyed Abbas Ghasemi, King-Hwa Ling, Saila Ismail, De-Ming Chau, Zamberi Sekawi","doi":"10.21315/mjms-08-2025-607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-08-2025-607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a five-year survival of approximately 6% that is largely driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which promote resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. Mutations in the Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K-RAS) are common in human PDAC and activate the rat sarcoma (RAS) pathway, thus supporting tumour growth, maintenance, and metastasis. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is a tumour-selective oncolytic virus with a strong safety profile that targets cancer cells and therapy-resistant CSCs, thereby highlighting its potential as an anticancer virotherapy. This study examines NDV AF2240's ability to target CSCs through RAS pathway modulation and apoptosis induction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NDV AF2240 was titrated by hemagglutination (HA) and plaque assays using Vero cells. CSCs were isolated from Panc-1 cells and confirmed by sphere-formation, flow cytometry, and RT-qPCR for CD24, CD44, and EpCAM/ESA. Cells were infected at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 10 for 24-72 h. Cytopathic effects were assessed with an MTS assay, and apoptosis was assessed by the expression of Caspase-3, -8, and -9, Bax, and Bcl- 2. NDV reduced CSC viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with significant declines at 24-48 and 72 h (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Apoptosis markers Caspase-3, -8, and -9, and Bcl-2 were significantly upregulated (M = 3.4613, 5.9173, 2.4610, and 2.2083, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.05). An MOI of 0.1 was used for pathway analysis in 1 × 10⁶ CSCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NDV AF2240 induced effective cytopathic effects in PDAC stem cells, downregulating the K-RAS effectors ERK1/2 and C-FOS, triggering apoptosis, and reducing the viability of PDAC CSCs in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight NDV's potential as an oncolytic agent against PDAC stem cells via the modulation of ERK1/2 and C-FOS, thus supporting its therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"41-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pupillary Constriction and Dilatation as a Window into Brainstem and Autonomic Integrity.","authors":"Surin Etican, Zamzuri Idris, Diana Noma Fitzrol","doi":"10.21315/mjms-01-2026-079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-01-2026-079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Actual Cost and Indonesian Case-Based Groups Rate in Inpatient Suspect of Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Aetiology.","authors":"Siti Maemun, Aninda Dinar Widiantari, Nur Aliza, Vivi Setiawaty, Lhuri Dwianti Rahmartani","doi":"10.21315/mjms-05-2025-321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-05-2025-321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospitals are crucial in implementing the referral and National Health Insurance (NHI) systems. The reimbursement structure by the Social Security Administrator for Health (SSAH) relies on the Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBG) method. This study aims to discern the variance between hospital inpatient costs and the corresponding inpatient INA-CBG rates, specifically for patients with suspected acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology (AHUA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research used a descriptive cross-sectional method. We compared the actual hospitalisation cost and INA-CBG's tariff in an Indonesian tertiary hospital from July to December 2022. The study encompasses patients with AHUA and uses a saturation sampling method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 17 patients suspected of AHUA, 16 made payments through NHI. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the total hospital costs based on INA-CBG rates show a deficit of IDR 21,604,464, reflecting a difference of 13.96%. The primary diagnoses among patients vary, with presentations of a combination of viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections alongside bile or liver disorders. The hospital incurred losses from services rendered to 10 patients. Notably, the significant allocations of hospital costs include laboratory (46.84%), pharmacy (19.01%), and accommodation (17.28%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To maintain effective cost control in inpatient services, the focus should prioritise medical appropriateness, explicitly referencing Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and Clinical Pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery Phase in the Chain of Survival in Cardiac Arrest Patients: Scoping Review.","authors":"Kameliana, Titin Andri Wihastuti, Suryanto","doi":"10.21315/mjms-10-2025-730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-10-2025-730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains a major global health concern, with an estimated 300,000 to 400,000 deaths annually in the United States and around two million worldwide. In 2020, the American Heart Association (AHA) updated the Chain of Survival by adding a new component recovery to highlight the importance of post-resuscitation care. However, the implementation of this recovery phase remains limited and requires further exploration. This study aimed to review the implementation of the recovery phase within the Chain of Survival. A scoping review design was employed, with literature searches conducted in ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Sage, and PubMed databases using the keywords (\"Cardiac Arrest\") AND (\"Chain of Survival\") AND (\"Recovery\") AND (\"Rehabilitation\"). The inclusion criteria included articles published within the last five years, written in English, and available in full-text open access format. Of the 330 articles initially identified, 13 met the eligibility criteria and were analysed using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, with the findings reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Three major themes emerged: (i) multidimensional challenges among survivors, including physical, cognitive, psychological, and social impairments; (ii) multidisciplinary interventions, such as the ROCK and SCARF programmes, which were shown to improve quality of life, reduce fatigue, and enhance independence; and (iii) factors influencing recovery, including biomarkers, prognostic scores, and socioeconomic status. The recovery phase is a crucial yet often neglected component of the Chain of Survival. Post-cardiac arrest care should adopt a comprehensive and integrated approach involving evidence-based rehabilitation, psychological support, and family counselling to achieve optimal recovery and long-term quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Dietary Habits and Sperm Quality: Evidence from a Multicenter Fertility Study in Malaysia.","authors":"Suriyani Muhamad, Nur Fatma Hasni Majid, Noor Salihah Zakaria","doi":"10.21315/mjms-09-2025-663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-09-2025-663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A range of factors, sociodemographic and lifestyle-related, are instrumental in shaping male fertility, including dietary practices. However, limited studies have examined these associations in the Malaysian context. This study investigates the connections between dietary habits and sperm quality among male patients attending fertility clinics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used to examine male patients attending four fertility clinics in Peninsular Malaysia. Sociodemographic data, dietary habits, and sperm quality classifications (normal vs abnormal) were collected. Assessment of dietary consumption involved the use of validated food frequency questionnaires, while data on sperm quality were retrieved from patient's medical records. Analysis of binary logistic regression was executed to assess food group consumption's association with sperm quality, while controlling for household income and education level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperm quality was significantly associated with education level (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and household income (<i>P</i> = 0.017), but not with age or body mass index (BMI). Higher fruit consumption was significantly associated with better sperm quality (<i>a</i>OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94; <i>P</i> = 0.004), while frequent fast-food intake was linked to poorer sperm quality (<i>a</i>OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.35; <i>P</i> = 0.039). Vegetable, dairy, meat, caffeine, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumptions were not significantly associated with sperm quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the associations between dietary practices, socioeconomic variables, and male fertility. Higher fruit intake and socioeconomic status were associated with better sperm quality, whereas fast-food consumption was linked to poorer outcomes. The study reinforces the significance of diet and socioeconomic status in shaping male reproductive well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}