Neuroradiology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effective atomic number and electron density from dual-energy CT for differentiating malignant gliomas: Validation using the World Health Organization 2021 brain tumor classification.","authors":"Masami Shirota, Masayuki Nitta, Ayako Yoshida, Syunichi Kouriyama, Taiichi Saitou, Syunsuke Tsuduki, Yoshihiro Muragaki, Takakazu Kawamata","doi":"10.1177/19714009251373068","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009251373068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 brain tumor pathology classification, we evaluated the usefulness of dual-energy CT (DECT) for differentiating malignancy grades in malignant gliomas and examined its correlation with amide proton transfer (APT). A prospective observational study was conducted on 49 patients: 16 with glioblastoma (GBM, grade 4), 13 with astrocytoma (A3, grade 3), 10 with oligodendroglioma (O3, grade 3), and 10 with oligodendroglioma (O2, grade 2). Effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (ED) from DECT were analyzed for tumor grade differentiation and correlation with APT. High-grade gliomas, which are influenced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvascular proliferation, showed significant differences and correlations in post-contrast Zeff. A correlation between Zeff and MIB-1 suggests its potential as an indicator of cell proliferation. Additionally, correlations between Zeff and APT, as well as between ED and APT, indicate that DECT may be useful for grading malignant gliomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"340-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrograde transvenous coil embolization in spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula with radiculo-perimedullary reflux.","authors":"Torcato Meira, James Lord, David Volders, Karel Terbrugge, Robert Willinsky, Ivan Radovanovic, Eef J Hendriks","doi":"10.1177/19714009251373064","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009251373064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEAVFs) with intradural reflux are rare but important vascular lesions that may cause progressive myelopathy due to spinal cord venous hypertension. Although traditionally managed by means of arterial embolization or surgical disconnection, these approaches can pose risks, particularly when critical vascular structures, such as the artery of Adamkiewicz, originate in close proximity to the fistulous site. We report the case of a patient in their 60s who presented with progressive paraparesis over approximately 1 year, ultimately attributed to an SEAVF located adjacent to the right L1-L2 neural foramen, with radiculo-perimedullary reflux. The artery of Adamkiewicz was visualized with its origin near the shunt site, rendering arterial embolization unsafe and prompting selection of a purely transvenous endovascular approach. Venous access was obtained via the azygos system, and a microcatheter was navigated through the epidural venous pouch to reach a cranially directed draining vein extending toward the perimedullary venous system, which was then embolized using detachable platinum coils. The procedure achieved complete occlusion of the targeted vein, with early neurological improvement and significant reduction in spinal cord edema on follow-up imaging. This case supports the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transvenous embolization for SEAVFs and underscores its expanding role in the treatment of complex spinal vascular lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"378-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of recurrent cerebral bifurcation aneurysms using flow diverter stent silk vista: A monocentric case series.","authors":"Bartolo Andrea, Di Castelnuovo Augusto, Wlderk Andrea, Bartolo Marcello, Mangiafico Salvatore, Ciavarro Marco, Grillea Giovanni","doi":"10.1177/19714009251362819","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009251362819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Silk Vista flow diverter stent in treating recurrent cerebral bifurcation aneurysms, highlighting angiographic and clinical outcomes in a monocentric case series.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 12 patients (7 male, five female) with recurrent bifurcation aneurysms treated exclusively with the Silk Vista flow diverter was conducted. Aneurysms were located in the anterior communicating artery (75%), middle cerebral artery (17%), and basilar artery (8%). All patients received dual antiplatelet therapy for ten days pre-procedure and 6 months post-procedure, followed by aspirin monotherapy. The O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) scale was used to assess aneurysm filling, where Grade D indicates complete occlusion. Clinical outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), with scores of 0-1 reflecting no or minimal disability.ResultsAt the end of the procedure, 75% (<i>n</i> = 9) of patients exhibited stagnant contrast filling within the aneurysm sac (OKM Grade C) during the venous phase. Periprocedural thromboembolic complications occurred in 17% (<i>n</i> = 2) of cases, without clinical sequelae. No post-hospital complications were observed, and all patients maintained mRS scores of 0-1 at discharge. At 1-year follow-up, complete aneurysm exclusion (OKM Grade D) was achieved in 83% (<i>n</i> = 10), while minimal neck perfusion (OKM Grade C) persisted in 17% (<i>n</i> = 2). No new neurological deficits or deterioration occurred.ConclusionDespite the small sample size and single-center design, the Silk Vista flow diverter demonstrated favorable angiographic and clinical outcomes, supporting its role as a viable and safe option in this complex patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"309-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug response testing for elective carotid artery stenting: Prevalence of non-response to aspirin and clopidogrel and influence on post-interventional occurrence of cerebral ischemia.","authors":"Farzaneh Yousefi, Dimah Hasan, Frederic De Beukelaer, Hani Ridwan, Omid Nikoubashman, Martin Wiesmann, Charlotte S Weyland","doi":"10.1177/19714009251372360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009251372360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe patient-associated prevalence of Clopidogrel (CPG)-and Aspirin (ASS)-nonresponse is not well understood and varies depending on the patient population. The influence of responder status for platelet inhibition in patients eligible for carotid artery stenting (CAS) on post-interventional cerebral ischemia is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, mono-center analysis of all patients with response-test undergoing elective CAS between 2010 and 2024 and available MRI before and after CAS. Study groups were formed according to ASS- and CPG-response. Cerebral ischemia patterns were compared between study groups in univariate analysis and patient-associated co-morbidities were tested for association with drug resistance or infarction frequency.ResultsIn total, 50/68 (73.5%) of patients showed adequate response to ASS and CPG. Non-response to CPG was higher than to ASS (clopidogrel resistance rate: 14.8%, aspirin resistance rate: 9.2%). All patients with non-response were bridged with GP IIb/IIIa antagonist tirofiban during CAS. Under these conditions, the responder status did not influence post-interventional cerebral infarction patterns.ConclusionAntiplatelet non-response, especially for CPG, is very frequent in patients undergoing CAS. When bridging patients with tirofiban during intervention, responder status had no influence on post-interventional cerebral infarction patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"322-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High grade torcular DAVF: Technical aspects to safely sacrifice the straight sinus.","authors":"James Lord, Mohammad Al-Tibi, David Volders, Ivan Radovanovic, Karel Terbrugge, Timo Krings, Eef J Hendriks","doi":"10.1177/19714009251362825","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009251362825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High grade torcular DAVFs can be challenging to treat, particularly when there is retrograde flow in the straight sinus and deep venous system. We describe the technical steps to safely sacrifice the straight sinus, including preoperative MRI findings, arterial and venous cerebral flow assessment and key points for endovascular treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"367-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12325241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a serverless, interactive application for Alzheimer's disease detection and visualization using MRI images.","authors":"Tri Huynh, My Nguyen, Huong T T Ha, Lua Ngo","doi":"10.1177/19714009261456608","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009261456608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAlzheimer's disease requires early detection for effective intervention with disease-modifying treatments, yet significant implementation barriers persist in clinical practice, including limited computational infrastructure and the gap between research model performance and practical deployment in resource-constrained settings.ObjectivesTo develop and evaluate a computer-aided diagnosis system for classifying cognitive states (AD, MCI, and CN) from structural MRI, with automated preprocessing and cost-effective cloud deployment suitable for resource-constrained healthcare facilities.DesignComputer-aided diagnosis system integrating neural architecture search with serverless cloud infrastructure.MethodsA multi-view MRI analysis model was optimized through neural architecture search, incorporating Universal Inverted Bottleneck blocks and Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks. Automated MRI preprocessing using FSL was deployed through cloud-based serverless functions for scalable image processing. Evaluation used the ADNI dataset (1687 individuals: 368 AD, 625 MCI, and 694 CN). A web application was developed providing patient management, MRI visualization, and automated diagnostic prediction.ResultsThe model achieved 86.7% accuracy and 0.900 AUC in three-class classification with 1.7 million parameters. High specificity was observed across all classes (CN: 91.0%, MCI: 91.8%, AD: 97.3%), with 100% CN-AD specificity ensuring no AD cases were misclassified as cognitively normal. Operational costs were approximately 0.028 USD per diagnosis for typical hospital workloads.ConclusionThis system provides a cost-effective approach for early Alzheimer's diagnosis accessible to resource-constrained environments. Despite challenges in MCI classification, the combination of neural architecture search with serverless deployment demonstrates progress toward clinically deployable automated AD detection. Future work should focus on prospective clinical validation and integration of interpretability features.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"19714009261456608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13216117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal transcranial Doppler hemodynamics in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Diego Alejandro Ortega-Moreno, Carlos Alberto Soto-Rincón, Egla Samantha Sánchez-Peralta, Daniela Ortiz-Zacarías, Javier Isordia-Martínez, Analy Soto-García, Sergio Saldívar-Dávila, Xóchitl Angélica Ortiz-Jiménez, Fernando Góngora-Rivera","doi":"10.1177/19714009261450381","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009261450381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebrovascular hemodynamics are increasingly implicated in cognitive aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography enables noninvasive assessment of intracranial blood flow dynamics. However, longitudinal data in older adults with and without MCI remain limited. This study aimed to longitudinally characterize cerebral hemodynamic and cognitive changes in elderly adults with and without MCI.This prospective cohort study included adults aged ≥60 years enrolled through the CIMVAC registry and evaluated at a dedicated neurological assessment center. Participants underwent standardized clinical evaluation, neuropsychological testing, carotid duplex ultrasonography, and TCD at baseline and two-year follow-up. TCD parameters included peak systolic, end-diastolic, and mean flow velocities, pulsatility index, and resistance index in the middle cerebral arteries, with bilateral values averaged per participant.Ninety-nine participants completed 2-years follow-up. Baseline extracranial atherosclerotic burden was low, with carotid plaque identified in 16.7% of vessels. Over 2 years, plaque prevalence and intima-media thickness increased significantly. TCD demonstrated significant longitudinal increases in pulsatility and resistance indices (both <i>p</i> < 0.001), while flow velocities remained unchanged. Cognitive performance declined modestly, with reductions in MMSE and IADLs scores and increased depressive symptoms. Although patients with MCI exhibited lower cognitive scores and lower baseline flow velocities, no consistent differences in Doppler-derived parameters were observed between MCI subgroups at baseline or follow-up.In elderly adults, TCD primarily reflects age-related changes in cerebrovascular resistance but does not reliably distinguish MCI from normal cognition. Nonetheless, TCD may serve as a complementary, low-cost tool for longitudinal cerebrovascular monitoring, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"19714009261450381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T2 relaxometry in high-grade gliomas: Preliminary analysis of peritumoral tissue characteristics.","authors":"Letícia Mansano de Souza, Sérgio Lourenço Polo Filho, Brunno Machado de Campos, Thiago Magalhães de Souza, Marcus Vinicius Giglio, Leo Gordiano Matias, Fernando Cendes, Cleiton Formentin, Enrico Ghizoni","doi":"10.1177/19714009261450379","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009261450379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThis study aims to assess whether T2 relaxometry can distinguish tissue characteristics between high-grade gliomas and non-infiltrative lesions.MethodsWe report our initial experience using the Relaxo LNI software to analyze multi-echo T2 relaxometry magnetic resonance imaging in patients with high-grade gliomas. For comparison, peritumoral T2-hyperintense areas in meningiomas and metastases were used as reference regions for vasogenic edema, based on the established concept that these tumor types typically do not infiltrate adjacent tissue. In contrast, peritumoral hyperintensity observed in high-grade gliomas may represent either vasogenic edema or tumor infiltration.ResultsData from 30 patients were analyzed, including 20 with high-grade gliomas and 10 with metastasis or meningiomas. A statistically significant difference was observed in multi-echo T2 relaxation values between the glioma and non-glioma groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Mean T2 relaxation times were longer in the high-grade glioma group than in the non-glioma group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Within the high-grade glioma group, central regions showed significantly longer mean relaxation times than peripheral regions (<i>p</i> < 0.05).ConclusionOur preliminary findings suggest that T2 relaxometry identifies differences in relaxation profiles between tumor tissue and control edema, indicating potential value in detecting variations in peritumoral tissue composition in high-grade gliomas. However, these results are exploratory and hypothesis-generating, lack histopathological validation, and require further investigation to clarify the role of T2 mapping in preoperative planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"19714009261450379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13161011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging spectrum of immune-mediated central nervous system disorders in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case series.","authors":"Olgay Bildik, Gunce Basarir, Nargiz Aliyeva, Fatma Ceren Sarioglu, Pinar Gencpinar, Nihal Olgac Dundar","doi":"10.1177/19714009261450393","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009261450393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with neurological complications beyond respiratory involvement. Although children usually experience mild systemic disease, immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorders have emerged as an important cause of morbidity. Neuroimaging plays a central role in detecting these complications and supporting diagnostic decisions. This study aims to describe neuroimaging patterns in children who developed immune-mediated CNS disorders following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients aged 0-18 years with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection followed at a tertiary pediatric neurology center. Among post-COVID admissions, four patients with severe neurological involvement and characteristic neuroimaging abnormalities were identified. Clinical features, laboratory findings, cerebrospinal fluid analyses, electroencephalography results, and multimodal neuroimaging studies were evaluated.ResultsFour previously healthy male children developed immune-mediated neurological disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, central nervous system vasculitis, and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Brain MRI demonstrated disorder-specific patterns such as cortical diffusion restriction, multifocal demyelinating lesions, inflammatory vasculitic changes, and progressive parenchymal injury. In one patient, serial imaging showed progression from acute inflammation to chronic structural damage. All patients received immunomodulatory therapy, with variable neurological outcomes.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger immune-mediated CNS disorders in children with distinct neuroimaging features. Recognition of these patterns is essential for early diagnosis, treatment guidance, and prognostic assessment. Neuroimaging also provides insight into the evolution of post-COVID-19 neuroinflammatory injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"19714009261450393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric and density relationships of calcification clusters in carotid atherosclerosis.","authors":"Juul Bierens, Roberta Scicolone, Valentina Nardi, John Benson, Antonella Balestrieri, Antonio Incollu, Jasjit S Suri, Jae Song, Giuseppe Lanzino, Marianne Eline Kooi, Luca Saba","doi":"10.1177/19714009261450380","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19714009261450380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundCarotid artery calcification represents a common feature of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the geometric relationships of calcific clusters have not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to develop a geometry-based atlas, independent of symptom status, characterizing the three-dimensional properties of calcium clusters within carotid plaques and quantifying population-level distributions and data-driven couplings between size, shape, and density.MethodsStandardized three-dimensional calcium masks of clinical CT scans were analyzed using connected-component labeling. Extracted features included cluster volume, aspect ratio, eccentricity, compactness, and CT attenuation values (mean μ, standard deviation σ). Associations between cluster features were assessed using Spearman correlations with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction. Independent associations were determined using partial Spearman correlation and restricted cubic spline regression.ResultsAmong 107 plaques, 149 distinct clusters were identified, most frequently presenting as a single elongated cluster (aspect ratio = 2.23). Independent associations (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) were identified for: eccentricity with μ (ρ = -0.39), volume with μ (ρ = 0.47), compactness with μ (ρ = 0.39), and volume with eccentricity (ρ = 0.82). Multi-cluster plaques exhibited smaller mean cluster volume (76.1 vs 359.5 mm³; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and lower eccentricity (0.5 vs 1.6; <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared with single-cluster plaques.ConclusionCarotid calcification most frequently manifests as a single elongated cluster, with robust couplings between cluster size, shape, and density. These geometric archetypes provide a quantifiable framework for future biomechanical and biological studies of plaque vulnerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":47358,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"19714009261450380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}