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Oxalate Nephropathy and the Mechanism of Oxalate-Induced Kidney Injury. 草酸盐肾病和草酸盐诱发肾损伤的机制。
IF 3.7 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-27 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1159/000533295
Daorina Bao, Yu Wang, Ming-Hui Zhao
{"title":"Oxalate Nephropathy and the Mechanism of Oxalate-Induced Kidney Injury.","authors":"Daorina Bao, Yu Wang, Ming-Hui Zhao","doi":"10.1159/000533295","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperoxaluria is a major cause of oxalate nephropathy, which can lead to impaired renal function presenting as acute kidney injury, acute on chronic kidney disease, or chronic kidney disease. The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study showed that higher urinary oxalate is associated with renal outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease, supporting the nephrotoxicity of oxalate. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of oxalate in kidney injury is needed. This review describes the metabolism of oxalate and the clinical and pathology presentation of oxalate nephropathy. It also summarizes the available evidence for the underlying pathogenic mechanism and the development of treatments for oxalate-induced kidney injury.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Disruption to any key step in the oxalate pathway including abnormal endogenous generation, ingestion of abnormally high dose of oxalate, increased absorption or attenuation of oxalate degradation in the gut, and reduced excretion through the kidney may lead to disrupted oxalate homeostasis. Oxalate nephropathy is mainly caused by hyperoxaluria. Oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney is usually accompanied with tubular toxicity, obstruction, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. The mechanism of oxalate-induced renal injury has not been fully clarified. Evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies shows that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage infiltration are involved in the processes of crystal adhesion, aggregation, and elimination and promote intrarenal inflammation and renal fibrosis. Novel treatment strategies have been developed and targeted therapies tested for oxalate nephropathy.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Prompt diagnosis and management may help to reduce the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms to help develop more targeted therapies for oxalate nephropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"459-468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87276328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nnamdi Azikiwe Center: Historicizing the Immortalization of Zik’s Lodge in Nigeria—the Journey, the Project, and Tourism Potentials Nnamdi Azikiwe中心:尼日利亚Zik小屋的不朽历史——旅程、项目和旅游潜力
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231184236
M. Onyejegbu, Ogbonna Onyebuchi Okemini, ThankGod Chukwuemeka Ikenegbu, Jeff Unaegbu, Chikodiri Onyegiri
{"title":"Nnamdi Azikiwe Center: Historicizing the Immortalization of Zik’s Lodge in Nigeria—the Journey, the Project, and Tourism Potentials","authors":"M. Onyejegbu, Ogbonna Onyebuchi Okemini, ThankGod Chukwuemeka Ikenegbu, Jeff Unaegbu, Chikodiri Onyegiri","doi":"10.1177/00219347231184236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231184236","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examined the recent immortalization project of Hon. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe at Enugu. Historicizing his achievements and legacies, the paper studied the roles he played in ensuring that independent Africa is attained and why he continues to be remembered even after his death. The research method is qualitative and descriptive. Secondary data such as newspapers, books, journals and online materials are used to enrich the work. The result shows that the inauguration of the Nnamdi Azikiwe Centre and other previous projects that immortalized him were as a result of his outstanding and selfless services to Africa and Nigeria in particular. The paper discovered that the new Nnamdi Azikiwe Centre was his renovated residential lodge which richly embodies his political history and career years, thoughts, ideology, and philosophy. The findings of this research will help government officials, historians, tourists, and students in making decisions on good governance, consulting material in education, and tourism development.","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"534 - 550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65206535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Suppression and Othering of Black Lives Matter Protests Through Tear Gas 通过催泪瓦斯镇压和其他黑人生命攸关抗议活动
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231184234
Shala Cachelin
{"title":"The Suppression and Othering of Black Lives Matter Protests Through Tear Gas","authors":"Shala Cachelin","doi":"10.1177/00219347231184234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231184234","url":null,"abstract":"Following its formation in 2013, Black Lives Matter (BLM) has evolved into an important social and political movement. However, the organization’s efforts to oppose racial inequality and police brutality through protest routinely have been met with a violent response by law enforcement, including the employment of various “less-lethal” weapons. This article aims to explore and analyze the ways in which tear gas has been used to discipline BLM protesters between 2014 and 2020. Drawing upon themes of race, empire, identity, war, and biopower as they coalesce within metropolitan protest sites, this article argues that colonial logics, power structures, and hierarchies inform the deployment of tear gas on BLM protesters today. While the eras of slavery and Jim Crow may have formally ended, their legacies and exclusionary structures continue to influence the way movements for Black advancement are suppressed using tear gas.","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"513 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48544351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Re-Conceptualizing Kaepernick’s Kneeling Protests and His Banishment From the NFL as an Infringement on His “Right to Work” 将卡佩尔尼克下跪抗议和被美国国家橄榄球联盟开除视为对其“工作权”的侵犯
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231177389
Earl Smith, Angela Hattery, M. Kiss, Katelyn E. Foltz
{"title":"Re-Conceptualizing Kaepernick’s Kneeling Protests and His Banishment From the NFL as an Infringement on His “Right to Work”","authors":"Earl Smith, Angela Hattery, M. Kiss, Katelyn E. Foltz","doi":"10.1177/00219347231177389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231177389","url":null,"abstract":"A nascent literature is emerging that analyzes the case of Kaepernick who was “locked out” of the National Football League (NFL) beginning in 2017 because he chose to protest police brutality, systemic racism, and white supremacy. Using status expectations states theory and prototypicality theory, our research re-conceptualizes Kaepernick’s lock-out as an infringement on his right to work. First, we utilize a modified case-study approach comparing his experiences to those of six other Black male athletes who were “locked out.” Second, we utilize data and “matched cases” to demonstrate empirically that Kaepernick was locked out of the league while quarterbacks who were less qualified (based on specific performance measures) were allowed to continue working. Our analysis demonstrates that Kaepernick was denied his “right to work” because he, like other Black male athletes before him, challenged structural racism and white supremacy.","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"469 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44893985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Vicarious Intersectional Trauma (VIT) Conceptual Model: A Framework for Studying the Health-Related Impact of Exposure to Intersectional Violence on Social-Media 副跨部门创伤（VIT）概念模型：研究社交媒体上暴露于跨部门暴力对健康相关影响的框架
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231177401
Anna K. Lee, J. Wade, Ailton Coleman, Kimberley D. Smith, Melicia Whitt Glover
{"title":"The Vicarious Intersectional Trauma (VIT) Conceptual Model: A Framework for Studying the Health-Related Impact of Exposure to Intersectional Violence on Social-Media","authors":"Anna K. Lee, J. Wade, Ailton Coleman, Kimberley D. Smith, Melicia Whitt Glover","doi":"10.1177/00219347231177401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231177401","url":null,"abstract":"Social media platforms (i.e., Twitter, Tik Tok, YouTube, Snapchat) transmit traumatic imagery of racist encounters that dehumanize racially marginalized Americans. Behavioral and social sciences have long documented the adverse effects of media on young adults which include negative physical and mental health outcomes. However, evidence is sparse on the health-related impact of viewing gender-specific, racially motivated violence via social media. Through an interdisciplinary approach, with theories from psychology, sociology, and communications, we propose a novel framework called the Vicarious Intersectional Trauma (VIT) Conceptual Model. The proposed model situates the Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization Theory (RECAST) as a foundational theory understanding the pathways by which traumatic racial encounters impact health among Black Americans. We expand on RECAST by integrating Agenda Setting Theory, Cultivation Theory, and Intersectionality Theory, to facilitate a better understanding of the health-related implications of consuming intersectional violence on social media. Our interdisciplinary work contributes to literature promoting health equity by expanding an existing theory to address the intersections of gender and race on the perception of traumatic imagery and how gendered-racial socialization affects subsequent coping mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"490 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42392795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Negotiating Blackness, and Culture in Brazilian Metal Scene 谈判黑人与巴西金属界的文化
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231173930
Melina Aparecida dos Santos Silva, Tobias Arruda Queiroz
{"title":"Negotiating Blackness, and Culture in Brazilian Metal Scene","authors":"Melina Aparecida dos Santos Silva, Tobias Arruda Queiroz","doi":"10.1177/00219347231173930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231173930","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at discussing the presence of black individuals in the Brazilian metal music scene. To do so, we move away from a homogenizing and historically constructed cultural position that privileges certain forms of art in the building of black subjects’ authenticity to the detriment of others. We seek to highlight how racial representation works as a form of oppression. We ask: What are the ways and means that black people, as musicians and audiences, can find to re-inscribe themselves in the midst of an environment still predominantly occupied by whiteness in metal and, consequently, how can we locate those interstices to re-emerge and re-exist?","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"410 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44793988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preventive Epidemiology of PrEP Use in African American Women With a Perceived HIV Risk 有HIV风险的非裔美国妇女使用PrEP的预防流行病学研究
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231174895
Dominique Guinn, Luis Enrique Espinoza
{"title":"Preventive Epidemiology of PrEP Use in African American Women With a Perceived HIV Risk","authors":"Dominique Guinn, Luis Enrique Espinoza","doi":"10.1177/00219347231174895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231174895","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the impact of education and household income on African American women’s perception of HIV risk on PrEP use. Secondary data from the Be-PrEPared dataset on 202 African American women’s attitudes toward condom use, biomedical prevention strategies, and risks associated with HIV transmission. African American women with a greater level of education and a perceived risk of HIV were more likely to utilize PrEP than African American women with a lower level of education and no reported risk of HIV. Additionally, women with a higher household income and perceived HIV risk were more likely to use PrEP as well. These associations were still present when taking HIV knowledge into account. It is the job of health practitioners and public health/health education professionals to improve PrEP interventions to be more culturally competent which will make adults more cognizant of the health issues related to HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"455 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fanonian Art Practices: Toward A Decolonial Grammar of Being 法农主义艺术实践：走向一种非殖民化的存在语法
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231173151
Zingisa Nkosinkulu
{"title":"Fanonian Art Practices: Toward A Decolonial Grammar of Being","authors":"Zingisa Nkosinkulu","doi":"10.1177/00219347231173151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231173151","url":null,"abstract":"Frantz Fanon’s thought has been key to the understanding of the lived experiences of black colonized subjects in the modern contemporary world including in the discipline of visual art. The modern world is constructed on systems of coloniality that border on the appropriation of African knowledge and indigenous knowledge systems, misrepresentation of their artifacts, and distortion of their languages. Decolonial epistemic perspective is a theory that is instrumental in this article to situate Fanon’s thought to foreground a conceptual language of analysis and critique of black lived experiences in contemporary visual art. History of art is one of westernized disciplines in which the language of representing and interpreting African art and black art is absent. The colonial gramma of art history reduces African art to the language of an unknown artist and primitive art which led to the misrepresentation of the African and black narratives. This article deploys Fanon’s thought from a decolonial perspective to formulate a decolonial grammar of being that will be applied to the interpretation of African and black art.","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"394 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indigenizing, and Developing Africa: The Role of Indigenous Cultural Norms and Values 非洲的本土化和发展：土著文化规范和价值观的作用
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231172217
Joseph Aketema, Yao Joseph Ladzepko
{"title":"Indigenizing, and Developing Africa: The Role of Indigenous Cultural Norms and Values","authors":"Joseph Aketema, Yao Joseph Ladzepko","doi":"10.1177/00219347231172217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231172217","url":null,"abstract":"The determinants of development of nation states are mostly skewed toward political serenity, abundance of natural resources, and the intellectual and managerial prowess of the human resource. However, the culture of a people and their values are very significant in the development of nation states even if they are yet to be nationalized in the polities of the African state. This article presents the empirical data that was obtained through interviews with traditional healers and herbalists within the Kasena-Nankana Municipality of Navrongo, and the Volta region, using the qualitative research method and a purposive sampling technique in order to explore the link between culture and development with particular focus in preserving and sustaining some natural resources such as fauna and flora species. It offers the emic insights of traditional healers and herbalists on how the increasing threat to cultural institutions affects the use of traditional medicine in Africa in general, and the aforementioned region in particular.","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"374 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48066665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Scoping Review of Black American Beauty Studies From 1995 to 2022 1995 - 2022年美国黑人美的研究综述
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Journal of Black Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/00219347231173152
Jaleesa Reed, Christian J. Miller
{"title":"A Scoping Review of Black American Beauty Studies From 1995 to 2022","authors":"Jaleesa Reed, Christian J. Miller","doi":"10.1177/00219347231173152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347231173152","url":null,"abstract":"Existing reviews focus on issues affecting Black Americans or beauty standards, respectively. In comparison, this scoping review identifies studies that address both topics. The 39 selected publications revealed that hair, beauty standards, and body image were the most studied areas within Black American beauty. Studies were synthesized into three themes: (a) relationship to Eurocentric beauty standards, (b) community influence, and (c) intersectional approaches. While Black American beauty standards exist, Black women’s relationship to their intracultural beauty standard is fluid and dependent on multiple factors. The search criteria differentiated the types of methods included in the review but also reduced the number of empirical studies included. Future research should focus on the relationship between beauty rituals, Black American beauty ideals, and their relationship to skincare, haircare, or cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":47356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"432 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42368232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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