{"title":"Spatial Adaptive Measures of the Emergency Departments in Response to the COVID-19 Surge-A Case Study of the Central City Area of Shanghai, China.","authors":"Yuxuan Chen, Leiqing Xu, Lingwei Shi","doi":"10.1177/19375867251365877","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19375867251365877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose and AimsThis study identifies and analyzes spatial adaptive measures taken by emergency departments (EDs) during the COVID-19 surge to emphasize the surge capacity in ED design. The design recommendations are also proposed to enhance ED surge capacity for further pandemics.BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic imposed unprecedented demands on EDs worldwide, compelling EDs to adopt spatial adaptive measures to accommodate overflow patients and mitigate the risk of nosocomial infections.Method15 EDs in 3A-Grade general hospitals in the central city area of Shanghai are selected as research objects. Data are collected during the peak surge period (December 2022-January 2023) using a web crawling program and field research to extract patient volume statistics, patient spatial distribution, and spatial adaptive measures from the text and image clusters.ResultsDuring the surge, the EDs had to accommodate patients with peak volume 2 to 3 times higher than normal patient volume, resulting in ED overcrowding and public space occupation including hallways and corridors. Spatial adaptive measures, including existing space requisition, existing patient flow improvement, and the construction of the \"Second ED\" were adopted to maintain ED's normal operation.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 surge overwhelmed EDs in Shanghai, prompting the implementation of relevant spatial adaptive measures. Design recommendations include establishing integrated related medical spaces with surge capacity planning, incorporating flexible public spaces by predesign, and designing isolated treatment areas for infectious patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"19375867251365877"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjali Joseph, Sahar Mihandoust, Monica Gripko, David Allison, Christi R Cornelius, Teresa K Gibbs
{"title":"Patient Room Design: Engaging Clinical Teams Through Iterative Simulation-Based Evaluation.","authors":"Anjali Joseph, Sahar Mihandoust, Monica Gripko, David Allison, Christi R Cornelius, Teresa K Gibbs","doi":"10.1177/19375867251365881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867251365881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study evaluated a standardized patient room designed for multiple acuity levels in a quaternary care academic medical center by actively engaging clinical teams through an iterative simulation-based evaluation process using physical mock-ups. <b>Background:</b> Patient rooms are replicated multiple times in hospitals, and their design impacts patient and staff outcomes. Balancing often-conflicting needs and designing for future flexibility can be challenging. Simulation-based mock-up evaluations can help engage clinicians to obtain feedback about healthcare facility design in the context of clinical work. <b>Methods:</b> Focus groups, surveys, and observations collected input on a patient room design in three phases. The first phase assessed the bathroom location (inboard versus outboard) and room layout. The second phase evaluated five critical areas of the patient room: the bathroom, family zone, handwashing sink, dry work surface, and headwall. The third phase evaluated whether an outboard bathroom on the headwall or footwall supported patient care delivery better. <b>Results:</b> The study found that an outboard bathroom provided a better connection to the corridor, more functional space in the room, better equipment flow, and dedicated family space. Through the simulations, the team identified spatial challenges in the context of clinical scenarios and provided recommendations for refining design features. Clinicians preferred the footwall bathroom configuration due to better workflow support during the enacted patient care scenarios. <b>Conclusion:</b> Overall, an outboard footwall bathroom supported staff workflows and care activities. The iterative simulation-based evaluation process was highly effective for obtaining clinicians' design feedback within the context of their everyday work.</p>","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"19375867251365881"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Aim for 90-95% Accuracy: Another Foray Into AI (Artificial Intelligence).","authors":"Ellen Taylor","doi":"10.1177/19375867251339970","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19375867251339970","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blueprints for Better Care: Unveiling the Role of Clinic Design in Enhancing Patient Experience and Efficiency.","authors":"Zahra Zamani, Craig Puccetti, Theresa Joy","doi":"10.1177/19375867251328016","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19375867251328016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The rising demand for outpatient care, fueled by improved efficiency, technology, and patient-centered models, necessitates reevaluating clinic design and healthcare delivery. This reassessment should align with evolving patient expectations to enhance care continuity and outcomes. <b>Objective:</b> This research explores how targeted design features affect patient behaviors, movement dynamics, and staff perceptions in outpatient clinics. The goal is to enhance patient experience, improve operational efficiency, and elevate care quality by identifying strategies to boost clinic performance and patient outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> This study utilizes behavior mapping, shadowing observations, surveys, and Gemba walk-throughs across four outpatient clinics to examine how design affects patient experiences and operational workflows. Behavior mapping collected 1179 data points, revealing that waiting for appointments and making phone calls were the most common activities. Shadowing 13 patients identified navigation inefficiencies, particularly the lengthy route from exam rooms to exits and the frequent movement between the scale and waiting area. Surveys and Gemba walk-throughs with 95 staff members highlighted critical design elements that enhance experiences, including aesthetics, acoustics, and room sizes. Feedback indicated a demand for improvements in accessibility, privacy, wayfinding, reduced staff travel distances, and child-friendly features to boost clinic efficiency and patient satisfaction. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study highlights the importance of patient-centered design in outpatient clinics. It shows that improving waiting areas, clinic navigation, privacy measures, and technology integration can enhance patient experience and operational efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"33-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosanne Steensma, Nicole van den Bogerd, Karin Dijkstra, Wendy Meijboom, Maryska Janssen-Heijnen, Lydia Krabbendam, Jolanda Maas
{"title":"Development of the GreenIF: A Framework to Identify Implementation Factors for Nature-Based Interventions in Healthcare Settings.","authors":"Rosanne Steensma, Nicole van den Bogerd, Karin Dijkstra, Wendy Meijboom, Maryska Janssen-Heijnen, Lydia Krabbendam, Jolanda Maas","doi":"10.1177/19375867251331105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19375867251331105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nature-based interventions (NBIs) in healthcare settings have the potential to enhance physical and mental wellbeing of patients, healthcare staff, and visitors but are often underutilized. Knowledge about factors influencing effective implementation of NBIs in healthcare settings is scarce. This study aimed to develop a framework for identifying implementation factors relevant to NBIs in hospitals, long-term care facilities for elderly, and rehabilitation centers. A two-round Delphi study was conducted. In the first round, potential implementation factors were identified based on input from 33 experts from the following groups: healthcare managers, landscape designers, nature and health consultants, and healthcare staff. These factors were then supplemented with additional factors identified from previous studies and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). In the second round, 21 experts rated the importance of these factors. The items that reached expert consensus were included in the new implementation framework. In the first round, an initial set of 99 implementation factors was identified. Most factors derived from experts and literature were design related. These factors were complemented with factors derived from the CFIR. In the subsequent round, 98 implementation factors were considered important by experts and retained. These factors were incorporated into a new framework, the Green Implementation Framework (GreenIF). The GreenIF provides an overview of factors that contribute to the successful design and implementation of NBIs in healthcare settings and can be used to enhance their usage and maximize their benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"69-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12340144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Residential Satisfaction and Sense of Belonging Under the 'Moving-Merging' Resettlement Strategy in Shanghai.","authors":"Ziqi Zhang, Qin Wei","doi":"10.1177/19375867251343906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867251343906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThis study aims to identify key factors influencing residential satisfaction and sense of belonging among residents in Shanghai's \"moving-merging\" rural-urban resettlement communities, with a particular focus on variations across different age groups.BackgroundUrban expansion globally impacts rural populations, with China experiencing rapid urbanization. Shanghai's unique \"moving-merging\" strategy consolidates villagers into new sites near their original locations, preserving social ties while improving physical environments. This study examines how this strategy influences residents' place attachment, focusing on person, place, and process dimensions.MethodA mixed-methods approach was adopted, integrating quantitative surveys with qualitative data collection. A structured questionnaire was administered to 245 residents (133 younger individuals <60 years, 112 older individuals ≥60 years) in the DX Community, Shanghai. The survey assessed residential satisfaction, sense of belonging, and perceived changes before and after relocation. Factor analysis with oblique rotation and binary logistic regression were employed for data analysis.ResultThe study revealed that while living conditions improved, overall resident satisfaction did not significantly increase, especially among younger residents. Older residents perceived greater benefits but encountered adaptation challenges. Social ties and belongingness were strengthened in higher-density settings,ConclusionThe \"moving-merging\" strategy enhances residential satisfaction and fosters a sense of belonging, particularly benefiting older adults by preserving social networks. However, challenges persist in improving physical environments. Findings highlight the necessity of differentiated policies addressing specific needs and preferences of different age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"146-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Intersection of Human Factors and Evidence-Based Healthcare Design: A Conceptual Framework.","authors":"Shan Jiang, Angela Mazzi, Kirsten Miller, Laurie Wolf, Yuhao Peng, Harsh Sanghavi, Emmanuel Tetteh, Michael Schwartz, Megan McCray, Amy Graske, Swati Goel, Kristen Webster","doi":"10.1177/19375867251332618","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19375867251332618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The work of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) engineers and healthcare architects may overlap when it comes to designing the physical environments of healthcare facilities. Both disciplines are tasked with improving healthcare efficiency, promoting experience and safety, and reducing medical errors. Both disciplines adopt evidence-based and human-centered approaches in the design and evaluation of their work. However, it remains unclear to healthcare design professionals why, when, and how to incorporate HFE engineers' expertise into the architectural design project. <b>Objectives:</b> This opinion paper aims to reintroduce HFE to healthcare design by revisiting the core concepts, comparing essential approaches, and explaining the benefits of integrating HFE expertise into the evidence-based design (EBD) of healthcare projects. <b>Methods:</b> Literature review and case studies have demonstrated that simulation and mock-ups, as effective tools, should be integrated into the design and prototyping phases; therefore, they provide feedback to adjust the design concepts and inform design decisions with the engagement of HFE perspectives. <b>Results:</b> A conceptual framework for the HFE-integrated EBD process was proposed to facilitate the evaluation and improvement studies for healthcare design.</p>","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"184-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Wagner, DaiWai M Olson, Emerson B Nairon
{"title":"The Role of Nature in an ICU.","authors":"Christina Wagner, DaiWai M Olson, Emerson B Nairon","doi":"10.1177/19375867251333214","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19375867251333214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"213-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tim Korteland, Chiao-Yun Li, Niklas Dohmen, Bastiaan H A Urbanus, Sebastiaan Van Zelst, Lihui Pu, Monique Van Dijk, Erwin Ista
{"title":"The Impact of Hospital Design on Time Spent on Nursing Tasks: A Time Motion Study.","authors":"Tim Korteland, Chiao-Yun Li, Niklas Dohmen, Bastiaan H A Urbanus, Sebastiaan Van Zelst, Lihui Pu, Monique Van Dijk, Erwin Ista","doi":"10.1177/19375867251330838","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19375867251330838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesTo explore the time spent on nursing tasks and the extent of multitasking in a hospital with multi-bedded rooms compared to single-occupancy rooms.BackgroundSingle-occupancy patient rooms in hospitals have become popular because of the privacy they offer. However, little is known about the impact of different hospital designs on time spent performing on nursing tasks.MethodsA before-after time motion study was conducted in a former hospital which featured multi-bedded rooms and a new hospital with 100% single-occupancy rooms. Trained observers shadowed nurses during day and evening shifts using an online shadow application distinguishing eleven main categories of nursing tasks (e.g., direct patient care, indirect care, and professional communication). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Tasks performed concurrently (multitasking) are described in terms of (overlapping) duration and frequency.ResultsIn total, 60 and 107 nurses were shadowed for 225 and 450 hours in the former and new hospital, respectively. The top three tasks on which nurses spent most the time in the former and new hospital concerned: direct care 40% versus 40%, training and supervision 27% versus 25%, communication 25% versus 25%, respectively. In the former hospital, nurses performed on average 32.8% of their time on multitasking versus 34.8% in the new hospital.ConclusionsContrary to our expectations, the 100% single-occupancy rooms hospital design hardly affected nursing time spent in nursing tasks and multi-tasking compared to a multi-bedded patient rooms setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"114-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12340138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Effects of Viewing Real and Virtual Reality Classical Chinese Gardens.","authors":"Yanning Cai, Minkai Sun, Yudie Lu, Yuqin Wang, Jian Zhang, Seiko Goto","doi":"10.1177/19375867251330834","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19375867251330834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study evaluates the relaxation effects of viewing a Chinese classical garden and a Chinese-style public park in reality and virtual reality (VR) environments by focusing on their psychological and physiological impacts. <b>Background:</b> The experiment examined two landscapes: the culturally rich and elaborately designed Humble Administrator's Garden and the Hefeng Pavilion. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-eight participants participated in four sessions, each consisting of a 5-minute viewing session of the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Hefeng Pavilion under Conditions A (real) and B (VR). Each session was evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, the Semantic Differences Scale, the Supplemental Questionnaire, and eye tracking technology. <b>Results:</b> In Condition A, POMS scores, Semantic Differential Scale ratings, the Supplemental Questionnaire results, and eye movement patterns indicated that viewing the Humble Administrator's Garden resulted in greater relaxation compared to the Hefeng Pavilion. Similar findings were observed in Condition B, reinforcing the Humble Administrator's Garden's relaxing effect. However, there was a noticeable disparity in the relaxation effects between Conditions B and A, with real settings offering more pronounced benefits. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study demonstrated that the culturally rich Humble Administrator's Garden significantly improves mood more effectively than the Hefeng Pavilion, whether viewed in real or VR environments. This study suggests that although VR can offer an immersive experience, it may not fully capture the sensory richness and therapeutic benefits of actual garden environments. Real settings delivered more substantial relaxation effects compared to VR settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47306,"journal":{"name":"Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":"14-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}