Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology最新文献_第5页

Does Gender Matter in Grant Peer Review?: An Empirical Investigation Using the Example of the Austrian Science Fund. 性别在拨款同行评审中重要吗?——以奥地利科学基金为例的实证调查。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000103

Rüdiger Mutz, Lutz Bornmann, Hans-Dieter Daniel

{"title":"Does Gender Matter in Grant Peer Review?: An Empirical Investigation Using the Example of the Austrian Science Fund.","authors":"Rüdiger Mutz, Lutz Bornmann, Hans-Dieter Daniel","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/a000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000103","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most frequently voiced criticisms of the peer review process is gender bias. In this study we evaluated the grant peer review process (external reviewers' ratings, and board of trustees' final decision: approval or no approval for funding) at the Austrian Science Fund with respect to gender. The data consisted of 8,496 research proposals (census) across all disciplines from 1999 to 2009, which were rated on a scale from 1 to 100 (poor to excellent) by 18,357 external reviewers in 23,977 reviews. In line with the current state of research, we found that the final decision was not associated with applicant's gender or with any correspondence between gender of applicants and reviewers. However, the decisions on the grant applications showed a robust female reviewer salience effect. The approval probability decreases (up to 10%), when there is parity or a majority of women in the group of reviewers. Our results confirm an overall gender null hypothesis for the peer review process of men's and women's grant applications in contrast to claims that women's grants are systematically downrated.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"220 2","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/2151-2604/a000103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31298892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Analyzing response time distributions: Methodological and theoretical suggestions for prospective memory researchers 分析反应时间分布:对前瞻性记忆研究者的方法和理论建议

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000056

Gene A. Brewer

引用次数: 39

Varying the Complexity of the Prospective Memory Decision Process in an Air Traffic Control Simulation 在空中交通管制模拟中改变前瞻记忆决策过程的复杂性

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000051

S. Loft, B. Pearcy, R. Remington

引用次数: 12

Torture as Negative Excessive Behavior of Revenge and Punishment 酷刑作为报复和惩罚的消极过度行为

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000067

A. Maercker, Tobias M. Glück

引用次数: 0

Screening for Torture: A Narrative Checklist Comparing Legal Definitions in a Torture Treatment Clinic. 酷刑筛查:酷刑治疗诊所法律定义比较的叙述清单。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000061

Andrew Rasmussen, Mia Crager, Eva Keatley, Allen S Keller, Barry Rosenfeld

{"title":"Screening for Torture: A Narrative Checklist Comparing Legal Definitions in a Torture Treatment Clinic.","authors":"Andrew Rasmussen, Mia Crager, Eva Keatley, Allen S Keller, Barry Rosenfeld","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/a000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000061","url":null,"abstract":"Torture has been defined most precisely in legal contexts. Practitioners who work with torture survivors and researchers who study torture have frequently cited legal definitions, particularly those in the United States' Torture Victims Relief Act, the United Nations Convention against Torture, or the World Medical Association's Declaration of Tokyo. Few practitioners have operationalized these definitions and applied them in their practice. We describe how a New York City torture treatment clinic used a coding checklist that operationalizes the definitions, and present results. We found that in practice these definitions were nested; that using guidelines for applying the definitions in practice altered the number of cases meeting criteria for these definitions; and that the severity of psychological symptoms did not differ between those who were tortured and those who were not under any definition. We propose theoretical and practical implications of these findings.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"219 3","pages":"143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3379877/pdf/nihms-381806.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30722171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

The Trauma of Torture and the Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors 酷刑的创伤和酷刑幸存者的康复

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000060

L. Hárdi, A. Kroó

引用次数: 18

Digit Repetition Effect in Two-Digit Number Comparison 两位数比较中的数字重复效应

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000043

S. Gazzellini, A. Laudanna

引用次数: 5

Dehumanized Perception: A Psychological Means to Facilitate Atrocities, Torture, and Genocide? 非人性化的感知:促进暴行、酷刑和种族灭绝的心理手段?

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000065

Lasana T Harris, Susan T Fiske

{"title":"Dehumanized Perception: A Psychological Means to Facilitate Atrocities, Torture, and Genocide?","authors":"Lasana T Harris, Susan T Fiske","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/a000065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000065","url":null,"abstract":"Dehumanized perception, a failure to spontaneously consider the mind of another person, may be a psychological mechanism facilitating inhumane acts like torture. Social cognition - considering someone's mind - recognizes the other as a human being subject to moral treatment. Social neuroscience has reliably shown that participants normally activate a social-cognition neural network to pictures and thoughts of other people; our previous work shows that parts of this network uniquely fail to engage for traditionally dehumanized targets (homeless persons or drug addicts; see Harris & Fiske, 2009, for review). This suggests participants may not consider these dehumanized groups' minds. Study 1 demonstrates that participants do fail to spontaneously think about the contents of these targets' minds when imagining a day in their life, and rate them differently on a number of human-perception dimensions. Study 2 shows that these human-perception dimension ratings correlate with activation in brain regions beyond the social-cognition network, including areas implicated in disgust, attention, and cognitive control. These results suggest that disengaging social cognition affects a number of other brain processes and hints at some of the complex psychological mechanisms potentially involved in atrocities against humanity.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"219 3","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/2151-2604/a000065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32101991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 148

Prospective Memory, Personality, and Working Memory: A Formal Modeling Approach. 前瞻记忆、个性和工作记忆：一种形式化的建模方法。

IF 2 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000055

Rebekah E Smith, Deborah Persyn, Patrick Butler

{"title":"Prospective Memory, Personality, and Working Memory: A Formal Modeling Approach.","authors":"Rebekah E Smith, Deborah Persyn, Patrick Butler","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/a000055","DOIUrl":"10.1027/2151-2604/a000055","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to perform an action in the future. The current study applies a multinomial model to investigate the contribution of individual differences in personality, as well as individual differences in working memory span, to performance in an event-based PM task. The model includes a parameter P that measures the prospective component, or remembering that something is to be done. The model also includes a parameter M that measures the ability to discriminate between target and non-target events, part of the retrospective component of PM tasks. The model has been applied to investigate the effects of working memory variability in just one prior study, but has not been used in previous investigations of personality and PM. Working memory span and the personality dimension of conscientiousness showed differences between the higher and lower groups in PM performance. Modeling results showed that individuals higher in conscientiousness had higher estimated of M relative to individuals lower on the conscientiousness dimension. Conscientiousness did not affect the P parameter. In contrast, individuals with higher working memory span scores had higher estimates of P relative to individuals with lower span scores, but the two working memory groups did not differ in terms of parameter M.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"219 2","pages":"108-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148583/pdf/nihms312337.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29916761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are the American Psychological Association's Detainee Interrogation Policies Ethical and Effective?: Key Claims, Documents, and Results. 美国心理学会的被拘留者审讯政策是否道德和有效?:关键声明、文件和结果。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000062

Kenneth S Pope

引用次数: 19