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Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology最新文献

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Does Gender Matter in Grant Peer Review?: An Empirical Investigation Using the Example of the Austrian Science Fund. 性别在拨款同行评审中重要吗?——以奥地利科学基金为例的实证调查。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000103
Rüdiger Mutz, Lutz Bornmann, Hans-Dieter Daniel
{"title":"Does Gender Matter in Grant Peer Review?: An Empirical Investigation Using the Example of the Austrian Science Fund.","authors":"Rüdiger Mutz,&nbsp;Lutz Bornmann,&nbsp;Hans-Dieter Daniel","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/a000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most frequently voiced criticisms of the peer review process is gender bias. In this study we evaluated the grant peer review process (external reviewers' ratings, and board of trustees' final decision: approval or no approval for funding) at the Austrian Science Fund with respect to gender. The data consisted of 8,496 research proposals (census) across all disciplines from 1999 to 2009, which were rated on a scale from 1 to 100 (poor to excellent) by 18,357 external reviewers in 23,977 reviews. In line with the current state of research, we found that the final decision was not associated with applicant's gender or with any correspondence between gender of applicants and reviewers. However, the decisions on the grant applications showed a robust female reviewer salience effect. The approval probability decreases (up to 10%), when there is parity or a majority of women in the group of reviewers. Our results confirm an overall gender null hypothesis for the peer review process of men's and women's grant applications in contrast to claims that women's grants are systematically downrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"220 2","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/2151-2604/a000103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31298892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Analyzing response time distributions: Methodological and theoretical suggestions for prospective memory researchers 分析反应时间分布:对前瞻性记忆研究者的方法和理论建议
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000056
Gene A. Brewer
{"title":"Analyzing response time distributions: Methodological and theoretical suggestions for prospective memory researchers","authors":"Gene A. Brewer","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000056","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of response times from prospective memory experiments has resulted in multiple theoretical propositions about the role of attention in prospective memory. Extant theories of prospective memory are in good agreement that attention is necessary for detecting intention-related cues. However, these theories were primarily formulated to describe differences in mean reaction times across experimental conditions. While this approach has been fruitful for establishing a fundamental relation between attention and prospective memory, reaction time modeling techniques can be applied to prospective memory data to better constrain theorizing. In the current work, the ex-Gaussian distribution is fit to data from a prospective memory task. The results from this analysis suggest that modeling reaction time data has the potential for clarifying our understanding of the role of attention in prospective memory.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75049269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Varying the Complexity of the Prospective Memory Decision Process in an Air Traffic Control Simulation 在空中交通管制模拟中改变前瞻记忆决策过程的复杂性
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000051
S. Loft, B. Pearcy, R. Remington
{"title":"Varying the Complexity of the Prospective Memory Decision Process in an Air Traffic Control Simulation","authors":"S. Loft, B. Pearcy, R. Remington","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000051","url":null,"abstract":"Operators that monitor and control dynamic displays (air traffic control [ATC], naval radar tracking) sometimes fail to remember to perform deferred tasks. Such memory failures have been studied in the laboratory, but only recently applied to tasks such as ATC (Loft & Remington, 2010; Loft, Finnerty, & Remington, 2011; Loft, Smith, & Bhaskara, 2011). In work domains such as ATC, operators must often consider multiple display features before determining an action. The current study examined the effect of varying the number of aircraft display features that individuals need to process for the prospective memory (PM) task. Participants made more PM errors, and were slower to make aircraft acceptance decisions and to detect conflicts, when the PM task required that target aircraft satisfied one of the two possible conditions, compared to only one possible condition. Directions for research are discussed that should continue to bridge the gap between PM in basic and applied settings.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72899951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Torture as Negative Excessive Behavior of Revenge and Punishment 酷刑作为报复和惩罚的消极过度行为
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000067
A. Maercker, Tobias M. Glück
{"title":"Torture as Negative Excessive Behavior of Revenge and Punishment","authors":"A. Maercker, Tobias M. Glück","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000067","url":null,"abstract":"Several successful research traditions in the psychology of revenge and punishment have developed in German-speaking psychology over the last two decades. They have provided insights into topics such as retributive justice and social discrimination or social punishment. In the following, recent studies will be summarized, followed by a research agenda on revenge phenomena and implications for future research.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"190 1","pages":"184-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74169787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Screening for Torture: A Narrative Checklist Comparing Legal Definitions in a Torture Treatment Clinic. 酷刑筛查:酷刑治疗诊所法律定义比较的叙述清单。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000061
Andrew Rasmussen, Mia Crager, Eva Keatley, Allen S Keller, Barry Rosenfeld
{"title":"Screening for Torture: A Narrative Checklist Comparing Legal Definitions in a Torture Treatment Clinic.","authors":"Andrew Rasmussen,&nbsp;Mia Crager,&nbsp;Eva Keatley,&nbsp;Allen S Keller,&nbsp;Barry Rosenfeld","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/a000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Torture has been defined most precisely in legal contexts. Practitioners who work with torture survivors and researchers who study torture have frequently cited legal definitions, particularly those in the United States' Torture Victims Relief Act, the United Nations Convention against Torture, or the World Medical Association's Declaration of Tokyo. Few practitioners have operationalized these definitions and applied them in their practice. We describe how a New York City torture treatment clinic used a coding checklist that operationalizes the definitions, and present results. We found that in practice these definitions were nested; that using guidelines for applying the definitions in practice altered the number of cases meeting criteria for these definitions; and that the severity of psychological symptoms did not differ between those who were tortured and those who were not under any definition. We propose theoretical and practical implications of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"219 3","pages":"143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3379877/pdf/nihms-381806.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30722171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
The Trauma of Torture and the Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors 酷刑的创伤和酷刑幸存者的康复
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000060
L. Hárdi, A. Kroó
{"title":"The Trauma of Torture and the Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors","authors":"L. Hárdi, A. Kroó","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000060","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of torture is to cause severe pain and suffering in order to destroy the structure of the personality and the identity of the victim. Torture is applied in over a 100 countries worldwide, and its consequences affect millions of survivors. The rehabilitation of those who have experienced torture is a lengthy and complex process; treatment centers all over the world are constantly developing their methods to assist the mental and physical healing of torture survivors. The present article offers insights into the nature of torture, applied torture techniques, the psychological sequelae of torture, and diagnostic developments. Furthermore, current issues of rehabilitation and reparation are discussed, including the debate on evidence-based practice in treatment. The aim of the authors is to offer a brief but comprehensive review on torture and rehabilitation for professionals of mental health care and other relevant fields.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 1","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86172250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Digit Repetition Effect in Two-Digit Number Comparison 两位数比较中的数字重复效应
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000043
S. Gazzellini, A. Laudanna
{"title":"Digit Repetition Effect in Two-Digit Number Comparison","authors":"S. Gazzellini, A. Laudanna","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000043","url":null,"abstract":"Previous data from two-digit number naming show that when target and prime numbers share one digit at different positions (e.g., target 28 and prime 86 or 72) an inhibition effect may be observed (Ratinckx, Brysbaert, & Fias, 2005). Such an effect has been ascribed to the mechanism of morpho-phonological transcoding from Arabic to verbal format. We evaluate the alternative hypothesis of an inhibition effect arising during the Arabic form processing when two different syntactic values have to be assigned to the same single digit. In Experiments 1 and 3, a digit repetition effect was observed in number comparison tasks, even when phonological transcoding is blocked by an articulatory suppression task. Conversely, Experiment 2 showed that no digit repetition effect can be found with number comparison of verbal written numbers. Results are compatible with an Arabic-syntactic processing stage, where units and decades are decomposed and where each single digit is activated and recognized.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73553893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Dehumanized Perception: A Psychological Means to Facilitate Atrocities, Torture, and Genocide? 非人性化的感知:促进暴行、酷刑和种族灭绝的心理手段?
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000065
Lasana T Harris, Susan T Fiske
{"title":"Dehumanized Perception: A Psychological Means to Facilitate Atrocities, Torture, and Genocide?","authors":"Lasana T Harris,&nbsp;Susan T Fiske","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/a000065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dehumanized perception, a failure to spontaneously consider the mind of another person, may be a psychological mechanism facilitating inhumane acts like torture. Social cognition - considering someone's mind - recognizes the other as a human being subject to moral treatment. Social neuroscience has reliably shown that participants normally activate a social-cognition neural network to pictures and thoughts of other people; our previous work shows that parts of this network uniquely fail to engage for traditionally dehumanized targets (homeless persons or drug addicts; see Harris & Fiske, 2009, for review). This suggests participants may not consider these dehumanized groups' minds. Study 1 demonstrates that participants do fail to spontaneously think about the contents of these targets' minds when imagining a day in their life, and rate them differently on a number of human-perception dimensions. Study 2 shows that these human-perception dimension ratings correlate with activation in brain regions beyond the social-cognition network, including areas implicated in disgust, attention, and cognitive control. These results suggest that disengaging social cognition affects a number of other brain processes and hints at some of the complex psychological mechanisms potentially involved in atrocities against humanity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"219 3","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/2151-2604/a000065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32101991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 148
Prospective memory: Beyond the cost debate 前瞻性记忆:超越成本争论
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000050
Rebekah E. Smith
{"title":"Prospective memory: Beyond the cost debate","authors":"Rebekah E. Smith","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"60 1","pages":"75-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86377173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Time-Based Prospective Memory in Schoolchildren 学童基于时间的前瞻记忆
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000053
Babett Voigt, Ingo Aberle, Judith Schönfeld, M. Kliegel
{"title":"Time-Based Prospective Memory in Schoolchildren","authors":"Babett Voigt, Ingo Aberle, Judith Schönfeld, M. Kliegel","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000053","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined age differences in time-based prospective memory (TBPM) in primary school age children and tested the role of self-initiated memory retrieval and strategic time monitoring (TM) as possible developmental mechanisms. Fifty-four children were recruited from local primary schools (27 younger children, mean age = 7.2 ± 0.55 years, and 27 older children, mean age = 9.61 ± 0.71 years). The task was a driving game scenario in which children had to drive a vehicle (ongoing task) and to remember to refuel before the vehicle runs out of gas (TBPM task, i.e., the fuel gauge served as child-appropriate time equivalent). Fuel gauge was either displayed permanently (low level of self-initiation) or could only be viewed on demand by hitting a button (high level of self-initiation). The results revealed age-dependent TBPM differences with better performance in older children. In contrast, level of self-initiated memory retrieval did not affect TBPM performance. However, strategies of TM influenc...","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87755849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
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