Annals of DyslexiaPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1007/s11881-024-00305-y
Maggie Snowling, Charles Hulme
{"title":"Do we really need a new definition of dyslexia? A commentary.","authors":"Maggie Snowling, Charles Hulme","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00305-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11881-024-00305-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We provide a commentary on current debates about the definition of dyslexia. We agree with others that dyslexia is best thought of as a dimensional disorder with the best established causal risk factor being a deficit in phonological processing. Dyslexia is particularly common in children from families with a history of dyslexia and in children with preschool language difficulties. We argue that definitions may differ depending upon their purpose. Traditional discrepancy definitions may be useful for research purposes, but when considering the provision of educational services discrepancy definitions are not useful since all children with reading difficulties require reading intervention regardless of their level of IQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11413107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of DyslexiaPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1007/s11881-023-00295-3
Hugh W Catts, Nicole Patton Terry, Christopher J Lonigan, Donald L Compton, Richard K Wagner, Laura M Steacy, Kelly Farquharson, Yaacov Petscher
{"title":"Revisiting the definition of dyslexia.","authors":"Hugh W Catts, Nicole Patton Terry, Christopher J Lonigan, Donald L Compton, Richard K Wagner, Laura M Steacy, Kelly Farquharson, Yaacov Petscher","doi":"10.1007/s11881-023-00295-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11881-023-00295-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Dyslexia Association definition of dyslexia was updated 20 years ago and has been referenced frequently in research and practice. In this paper, researchers from the Florida Center for Reading Research consider the components of the definition and make recommendations for revisions. These include recognizing the persistence of word-reading, decoding, and spelling difficulties, acknowledging the multifactorial causal basis of dyslexia, clarifying exclusionary factors, and denoting comorbidity with other developmental disorders. It is also suggested that the academic and psychosocial consequences of dyslexia be highlighted to reinforce a preventive service delivery model. Lastly, the inclusion of dyslexia within a specific learning disability category is supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of DyslexiaPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1007/s11881-024-00310-1
Brian Gearin, Jessica Turtura, Kim Anderson, Samantha Durrance, Joan Mele-McCarthy, Laura Schultz, Karleen Spitulnik
{"title":"An interdisciplinary perspective on the strengths and weaknesses of the International Dyslexia Association definition of dyslexia.","authors":"Brian Gearin, Jessica Turtura, Kim Anderson, Samantha Durrance, Joan Mele-McCarthy, Laura Schultz, Karleen Spitulnik","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00310-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11881-024-00310-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary article describes the results of a Delphi Method discussion between an interdisciplinary team of state dyslexia policy implementers. The authors argue that the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) definition of dyslexia from 2001 skews toward the perspectives of the research community, inadvertently creating implementation challenges for school practice. The article describes how the authors reached this determination; why they believe Vaughn et al.'s (Annals of Dyslexia, 2024) proposed definition marks an improvement over the 2001 IDA definition; and the need for continued support in the dyslexia policy implementation process, including knowledge dissemination efforts and updates to other relevant policy documents. This collaboration between policymakers, educators, and researchers contributes to the special issue by considering how the definition of dyslexia is situated in policy and practice. In so doing, it addresses a longstanding gap in academic research on how policy implementers understand and use the IDA definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of DyslexiaPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1007/s11881-024-00303-0
Sharon Vaughn, Jeremy Miciak, Nathan Clemens, Jack M Fletcher
{"title":"The critical role of instructional response in defining and identifying students with dyslexia: a case for updating existing definitions.","authors":"Sharon Vaughn, Jeremy Miciak, Nathan Clemens, Jack M Fletcher","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00303-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11881-024-00303-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We address defining and identifying students with dyslexia within the context of multi-tier systems of support (MTSS). We review proposed definitions of dyslexia, evidence for proposed definitional attributes, and emphasize the role of instructional response in identifying students with dyslexia. We identify dyslexia as individuals with specific deficits in reading and spelling single words combined with inadequate response to evidence-based instruction. We propose a hybrid identification process in which assessment is utilized within school-wide MTSS allowing for integration of routinely collected progress monitoring data as well integrating with more formal diagnostic measures. This proposed \"hybrid\" method demonstrates strong evidence for valid decision-making and directly informs instruction. We close proposing a revised definition of dyslexia that incorporates these elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of DyslexiaPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-06-15DOI: 10.1007/s11881-024-00311-0
Julian G Elliott, Elena L Grigorenko
{"title":"Dyslexia in the twenty-first century: a commentary on the IDA definition of dyslexia.","authors":"Julian G Elliott, Elena L Grigorenko","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00311-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11881-024-00311-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In offering a commentary upon the IDA definition, we address its main components in turn. While each is technically accurate, we argue that, when taken together, the definition, or more accurately, the use to which it is often put, becomes problematic. We outline different current conceptions of dyslexia and conclude that the operationalisation of the definition for diagnostic purposes often results in scientifically questionable diagnoses and inadvertently leads to significant educational inequity. We propose a simpler definition that describes the primary difficulty, avoids reference to causal explanation, unexpectedness, and secondary outcomes, and redirects practitioner and policymaker focus to the importance of addressing and meeting the needs of all struggling readers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11413141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen-Juan Liu, Xiao-He Yu, Li-Ying Hao, Yu-Feng Wang, Jiu-Ju Wang
{"title":"Foveal crowding in children with developmental dyslexia.","authors":"Wen-Juan Liu, Xiao-He Yu, Li-Ying Hao, Yu-Feng Wang, Jiu-Ju Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00317-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-024-00317-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive crowding in the visual periphery has been demonstrated in children with developmental dyslexia (DD). However, less is known about crowding in the fovea, even though foveal crowding is at least equally important, as reading is mostly accomplished through foveal vision. Here we used a special set of digit stimuli (Pelli fonts) to measure foveal crowding in DD and DD + ADHD children, and compared it to that in TD (typically developing) and ADHD children. We also used the Chinese reading acuity charts (C-READ) to assess the maximum reading speed and reading acuity, along with tests to evaluate cognitive attributes including phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, morphological awareness, and orthographic knowledge. The results indicate significantly stronger foveal crowding in the DD and DD + ADHD groups, as well as in the ADHD group, than in the TD group. Furthermore, the DD and DD + ADHD groups exhibited poorer maximum reading speed and reading acuity compared to the ADHD and TD groups. Within the two DD groups, the slower maximum reading speed and higher reading acuity can be predicted by stronger foveal crowding. In addition, the DD and DD + ADHD groups performed the worst in four cognitive skills, with the DD group showing negative correlations between foveal crowding and performances across all these skills. Our findings thus move beyond previously well-documented peripheral crowding in dyslexia, and the easy administration of the Pelli-font-based crowding test may be useful for early diagnosis of developmental dyslexia in young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging the Gap in Adult Dyslexia Research: Assessing the Efficacy of a Linguistic Intervention on Literacy Skills.","authors":"Maria Vender, Denis Delfitto","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00314-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-024-00314-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While developmental dyslexia has been extensively studied in children, research on adults is still rather limited. This paper aims to bridge the gap in existing research by presenting the findings of a study that examined the reading and spelling skills of adults with dyslexia and assessed the effectiveness of a linguistic intervention designed to improve their literacy abilities. To address this issue, we first compared the profiles of 44 adults with dyslexia (age range: 16-30 y.o.) and 44 age-matched typical readers across tasks assessing reading, spelling, phonological awareness, morphological awareness and lexical access in Italian. The findings underscored pervasive impairments in dyslexia across all measured dimensions, reaffirming the persistent nature of language and literacy challenges into adulthood. In pursuit of the second objective, the study explored the potential for literacy skill improvement in adults with dyslexia through the implementation of a specialized intervention proposed to 24 dyslexic adults and delivered via a web application. The intervention program yielded positive outcomes in the experimental group, demonstrating significant improvements in word and text reading, spelling, and speed of phonological elaboration. This study, hence, contributes not only to our understanding of developmental dyslexia in adulthood but also emphasizes the tangible benefits of targeted linguistic interventions, thereby offering practical implications for the amelioration of literacy skills in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothy N. Odegard, Emily A. Farris, Anna E. Middleton
{"title":"Dyslexia in the 21st century: revisiting the consensus definition","authors":"Timothy N. Odegard, Emily A. Farris, Anna E. Middleton","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00316-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-024-00316-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two decades after the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) adopted the 2002 consensus definition of dyslexia, this special issue of the <i>Annals of Dyslexia</i> revisits that definition in light of advances in scientific understanding and evolving needs. Through contributions from leading researchers and interdisciplinary teams, the issue examines the strengths and limitations of the definition as it has been applied in research, policy, and practice. Key themes emerged, which included reconsidering the need to include the neurobiological basis of dyslexia in the definition, the intersection of literacy challenges and mental health, and the role of context in shaping how dyslexia is defined. Contributors to this special issue also reflected on how the definition serves different audiences, including educators, policymakers, and families. As the IDA embarks on a thoughtful reassessment of the 2002 definition, this collection of articles offers insights to guide the path forward, ensuring the definition remains a robust tool for research, identification, intervention, and advocacy in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the feasibility of implementing the SPELL-Links to Reading and Writing intervention.","authors":"Katlynn Dahl-Leonard, Colby Hall, Philip Capin","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00315-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-024-00315-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined six reading intervention teachers' implementation of the SPELL-Links to Reading and Writing intervention with students in Grades 2 and 3. The purpose was to explore the extent to which teachers who received a one-day training session without ongoing coaching support were able to implement the intervention with fidelity. It also aimed to better understand the determinants (i.e., barriers and facilitators) of teachers' implementation and their perceptions related to the importance, feasibility, and effectiveness of the intervention. Data from four sources (implementation logs, implementation observations, interviews, and surveys) were collected and analyzed. Participating teachers did not implement the intervention at the intended dosage of 4 days per week, but they did demonstrate high adherence and quality on average. Several barriers to implementation were identified, including intervention training, intervention content and structure, compatibility with existing practices, and alignment with goals. Notable facilitators of implementation were teacher capability and peer support. Teachers had varying perceptions of the intervention, with neutral satisfaction on average. These findings indicate a need for further research on determinants of intervention implementation as they may be crucial in supporting teachers' implementation fidelity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying students with dyslexia: exploration of current assessment methods.","authors":"Johny Daniel, Lauryn Clucas, Hsuan-Hui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11881-024-00313-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-024-00313-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early identification plays a crucial role in providing timely support to students with learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, in order to overcome their reading difficulties. However, there is significant variability in the methods used for identifying dyslexia. This study aimed to explore and understand the practices of dyslexia identification in the UK. A survey was conducted among 274 dyslexia professionals, including educational psychologists and dyslexia specialists, to investigate the types of assessments they employ, their approach to utilizing assessment data, their decision-making processes, and their conceptualization of dyslexia. Additionally, the study examined whether these professionals held any misconceptions or myths associated with dyslexia. Analysis of the survey data revealed substantial variability in how professionals conceptualize dyslexia, as well as variations in assessment methods. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the survey respondents subscribed to one or more misconceptions regarding dyslexia; the most common misconception identified among professionals was the belief that children with dyslexia read letters in reverse order. The findings highlight the need for standardized approaches to dyslexia identification and debunking prevailing misconceptions. The implications of these findings are discussed, emphasizing the importance of informed policy and practice in supporting students with dyslexia. Recommendations are provided to enhance consistency and accuracy in dyslexia identification, with the aim of facilitating early intervention and support for affected students.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}