Josef C. Brada , Chunda Chen , Jingyi Jia , Ali M. Kutan , M. Fabricio Perez
{"title":"Value creation and value destruction in investor-state dispute arbitration","authors":"Josef C. Brada , Chunda Chen , Jingyi Jia , Ali M. Kutan , M. Fabricio Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate whether investor-state arbitration under investment protection treaties is valuable to foreign investors, and whether international arbitration has effects on firm value that are like those seen in domestic litigation. An event study of abnormal returns when claims for arbitration are filed and adjudicated show that firms gain in market value both at the time they file for arbitration and when they receive an award. These gains in value generally exceed the size of the awards, indicating that success in arbitration provides the foreign investor not only monetary compensation but also non-monetary reputational effects that reduce costs of doing business abroad. Stock markets anticipate the outcomes of the arbitration process when claims are filed and when awards are announced. The effects on firm value of domestic litigation and investor-state arbitration differ, reflecting the institutional differences between the two methods of resolving disputes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the pricing of currency risk in global equity markets","authors":"G. Andrew Karolyi , Ying Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores potential economic mechanisms through which fluctuations in exchange rates are priced in international stock returns. Our investigation focuses on two currency risk factors – a dollar-risk factor and a carry-trade-risk factor – and their explanatory power for a variety of test assets comprised of monthly returns for over 47,000 stocks from 46 countries and over four decades. We find that currency risk is more likely to be priced among firms producing tradeable goods, and especially during periods of heightened exchange rate volatility. This finding is robust with respect to the evaluating criteria on firm internationalization, the benchmark factor models chosen, and the sub-periods examined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137190446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foreign-invested and domestic firm attributes and spillover effects: Evidence from Brazil","authors":"Bibhuti Sarker , John Serieux","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on productivity spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) using firm-level panel data from Brazilian manufacturing firms. We seek to determine what attributes of foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) and domestic firms are associated with the transfer and absorption of spillover effects, respectively. We find that when spillover effects are measured at the aggregate level only, (positive) horizontal and backward productivity spillovers can be identified. However, when FIEs are disaggregated, those horizontal and backward spillover effects are most closely associated with majority foreign ownership and high-export profiles. Moreover, we can now identify positive forward spillovers transmitted by low-importing and low-exporting FIEs exclusively to high-technology domestic firms. Finally, our investigation demonstrates that for domestic firms, low productivity levels and the absence of worker training preclude the absorption of certain types of spillover effects but still allow for the absorption of other types.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42325491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is gold a safe haven for exchange rate risks? An empirical study of major currency countries","authors":"Kuan-Min Wang , Yuan-Ming Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study uses a TVP-VAR model to test whether gold is a safe haven for exchange rate risks. The five major world currencies are examined: the Chinese renminbi, euro, British pound, Japanese yen, and U.S. dollar. The empirical results show that (1) gold cannot hedge currency depreciation in the long run; (2) gold can hedge currency depreciation dynamic risk in the short run; (3) gold can act as a safe haven to hedge dynamic risk for the euro, dollar, and pound in the short run, but not for the renminbi and yen; and (4) the yen tends to appreciate significantly when international risks escalate, thus, it can be regarded as a safe haven currency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46809620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Politics and equity markets: Evidence from Canada","authors":"Robert N. Killins , Thanh Ngo , Hongxia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine how political power, polarization, and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in Canada and the US affect the Canadian equity market from 1985 to 2019. We document little evidence of significant liberal government return premiums and the corresponding risk for the overall market and many industry sectors. Only the IT sector witnesses the “second half effect” of election cycles. The Canadian equity market seems to outperform during strong Democratic control in the US, with mixed findings for the individual sectors. Political polarization in the two countries and trade uncertainty have little impact on Canadian equity returns except for the venture, small-cap, and IT sectors from the US polarization. The US EPU index affects the average returns of the overall Canadian equity market and the energy, industrials, retail, and transportation industries, while domestic EPU in Canada reduces the overall equity market, small-cap, and venture firm returns. The alignment of political ideology in the two countries has little impact on the equity market in Canada. Collectively, the results show that the impact of political environments on the Canadian equity market tends to be limited, dynamic, and industry-specific, suggesting that investors should not blindly mix their portfolios with their political views or affiliations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42012140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does mutual fund family size matter? International evidence","authors":"Yihao Chen , Antonio F. Miguel , Xiayue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use data from 33 countries to study how a fund’s affiliation with large families shapes the flow–performance relationship internationally. Our results show that the effect of family size on the fund flows’ response to performance depends on the sophistication of investors in a country. While less sophisticated investors are persuaded by the great visibility and strategies of funds that are affiliated with large and established families, more sophisticated investors are not. Affiliation with a large family increases the convexity of the flow–performance relationship in countries where investors are less sophisticated, but decreases this convexity in countries with more sophisticated investors. These results are important for investors, mutual fund companies and regulators because the flow–performance sensitivity determines the assets under management, the level of fees, risk–taking, and the performance of the fund.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92051092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does geopolitical risk matter for corporate investment? Evidence from emerging countries in Asia","authors":"Anh-Tuan Le , Thao Phuong Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the effect of geopolitical risk on corporate investment in emerging Asian countries. Using an extensive sample spanning 1995–2018, we find that geopolitical risk is negatively associated with corporate investment. Geopolitical risks in China and Russia have a greater impact on corporate investment, while a less significant influence is found in India and Turkey. Our findings are robust to using alternative measures of geopolitical risk, using alternative proxies of investment, even after controlling for endogeneity concerns by a two-stage least square estimation, a system generalized method of moments regression, and the incremental effect of geopolitical risk. The adverse impact of geopolitical risk on firm investment is more pronounced for firms with a higher degree of investment irreversibility. However, firms with greater cash holdings can better mitigate this negative impact. Overall, this paper shows that geopolitical risk is a crucial macrolevel shock influencing corporate investment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54822752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-listing and the alignment between short and long-run performance","authors":"Imen Ghadhab","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the alignment between initial price reaction and post-cross-listing performance for non-American firms cross-listed in the U.S. Using an event study methodology, we show that, while cross-listed firms exhibit long-term performance, short-term valuation gain is more important. We also find a significant difference between short and long-term price reactions, explained by legal investor protection considerations. Additional analysis shows that the change in the U.S. regulatory environment has no diminishing effect on cross-listing economic benefits. We also show more important short-run price reactions in crisis time, leading to more significant misalignment between short and long-term performance. Our results are robust to several control firm and country characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do the specific countries in which a multinational corporation operates affect its private loan contracts?","authors":"Brandon Ater , Bowe Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous research has shown that higher levels of firm globalization lead to a lower cost of private debt. However, this research generally treats globalization as a homogeneous attribute ignoring the specific countries in which a multinational corporation (MNC) operates. Using a sample of U.S. MNCs from 1999 through 2017, we relax this assumption and find that while the results from prior research hold with regards to the level of an MNC’s operations in segments reported at the regional or continent-wide level, the level of an MNC’s operations in countries with low institutional quality is associated with a higher cost of bank debt. Our results are robust to controlling for firms’ choice to operate in countries with low institutional quality using self-selection models and propensity score matching. In additional testing we find that the level of MNCs operations in countries with low institutional quality is negatively associated with the inclusion of collateral requirements in private lending agreements, but is not associated with the maturity of the loan or the number of covenants included in the lending agreement. Finally, we find that firms’ segment disclosure choices vary around new loan issuances in a manner consistent with management being aware that operations in low institutional quality are perceived by lenders to indicate higher credit risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42149456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does cross-border banking enhance competition and cost efficiency? Evidence from Africa","authors":"Luc Matabaro Borauzima , Dominique Niyondiko , Aline Muller","doi":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last two decades, the unprecedented expansion of cross-border banking on the African banking market has raised concern about their effects on host countries’ markets. This paper investigates to what extent this expansion has affected competition and cost efficiency in the African banking market using a sample of 429 active commercial banks from 2000 to 2015. Results show that CBB activities enhance competition, mainly driven by African CBB. At the regional scale, these effects are more substantial in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) because African CBBs have more expanded their activities in SSA. We also document that more efficient banks alleviate the competition induced by the expansion of African CBBs. The latter exhibit lower efficiency and therefore do not encourage bank efficiency. This study further shows that macroeconomic conditions and institutional variables are essential drivers of bank competition and cost efficiency in Africa. These results are robust to alternative estimation techniques (system-GMM, Quantile regression-Adaptative MCMC, Matching) and proxies of competition and cost efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multinational Financial Management","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47104780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}