Perspectives in Public Health最新文献

{"title":"A Healthy Conversation Skills intervention to support changes to physical activity and dietary behaviours in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"J Zhang, I Bloom, L D Westbury, G Bevilacqua, K A Ward, M Barker, W Lawrence, C Cooper, E M Dennison","doi":"10.1177/17579139241262657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139241262657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are important determinants of health in late adulthood. However, low levels of PA and poor nutrition are common in older adults and have become more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesised that Healthy Conversation Skills could be used to support health behaviour changes beneficial for health in older adults and thus conducted a study nested within the UK Hertfordshire Cohort Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between November 2019 and March 2020, 176 participants were visited at home. A trained researcher administered a questionnaire and undertook anthropometric and physical performance tests. A total of 89 participants were randomised to the control group and received a healthy living leaflet; 87 participants in the intervention group were interviewed using Healthy Conversation Skills at the initial visit with follow-up telephone calls at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. Follow-up at 1 year by postal questionnaire assessed change in PA and diet. In total, 155 participants (79 control and 76 intervention) completed the baseline and 1-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, median (lower quartile, upper quartile) age (years) was 83.1 (81.5, 85.5) and median PA time (min/day) from walking, cycling and sports was 30.0 (15.0, 60.0). In total, 95% of participants completed the intervention; the total response rate for postal questionnaires was 94%. There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes between the trial arms. In women, there was a tendency for greater increases in diet quality in the intervention group compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.075), while among men, there was a tendency for reduced decline in self-reported physical function in the intervention group compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.081).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have shown that it is viable to utilise Healthy Conversation Skills via telephone to promote healthier lifestyles in older adults. Larger appropriately powered studies to determine the efficacy of such an intervention are now warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139241262657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change adaptation must not replicate lockdown scenarios.","authors":"Philip Weinstein, Peng Bi, Jessica Stanhope","doi":"10.1177/17579139241231130","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139241231130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":"144 4","pages":"208-209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating meaningful knowledge exchange between young people and public health practitioners: what role can researchers play?","authors":"M Barrett, S Shaw, S Jenner, P Hardy-Johnson, S Stanescu, K Woods-Townsend, S Strommer, M Barker","doi":"10.1177/17579139241230852","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139241230852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":"144 4","pages":"212-214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Catherine Homer","doi":"10.1177/17579139241269090","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139241269090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":"144 4","pages":"202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory arts, refugees and mental health.","authors":"T Green","doi":"10.1177/17579139241247367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139241247367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":"144 4","pages":"210-211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is social capital higher in areas with a higher density of historic assets? Analyses of 11,112 adults living in England.","authors":"H W Mak, E Gallou, D Fancourt","doi":"10.1177/17579139221145609","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139221145609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Previous evidence suggests that engagement with heritage such as visiting heritage sites provides benefits for people's mental and social wellbeing, and helps to establish social capital. However, far less is known about whether living in areas of historic built environment also helps build social capital. Furthermore, it remains unclear how the association between historic built environment and social capital may vary across heritage engagement frequency and areas of deprivation levels. This study was therefore designed to explore the cross-sectional relationship between historic built environment and social capital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analysis was based on three datasets: Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study Waves 5 (2013/2015) and 6 (2014/2016), 2019 National Heritage List for England, and 2015 English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were applied to estimate the relationships between historic built environment (listed buildings, scheduled monuments, and registered parks and gardens) and social capital (personal relationships, social network support, civic engagement, and trust and cooperative norms).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that people living in places with greater historic built environment experienced higher levels of personal relationships, social network support, and civic engagement. However, these associations were attenuated once rurality was adjusted. Individuals living in areas of greater levels of historic built environment displayed higher levels of trust and cooperative norms, even after adjusting for all relevant covariates. Heritage engagement frequency was found to moderate the association between historic built environment and personal relationships. Similarly, IMD was also found to moderate the association between historic built environment and trust and cooperative norms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of neighbourhood environment in building social capital in communities. Particularly, areas with heritage assets may provide both socially inviting and aesthetically pleasing environments that could help strengthen community and restore pride in place.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"251-262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10737282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17579139241264953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139241264953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":"144 4","pages":"203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Middle-Out Perspective: an approach to formalise 'normal practice' in public health advocacy.","authors":"J S Mindell, Y Parag, S E Bartington, L Stoll, J Barlow, K B Janda","doi":"10.1177/17579139221138451","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139221138451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The middle-out perspective (MOP) provides a lens to examine how actors positioned between government (top) and individuals (bottom) act to promote broader societal changes from the middle-out (rather than the top-down or bottom-up). The MOP has been used in recent years in the fields of energy, climate change, and development studies. We argue that public health practitioners involved with advocacy activities and creating alliances to amplify health promotion actions will be familiar with the general MOP concept if not the formal name. The article aims to demonstrate this argument.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article introduces the MOP conceptual framework and customises it for a public health audience by positioning it among existing concepts and theories for actions within public health. Using two UK case studies (increasing signalised crossing times for pedestrians and the campaign for smoke-free legislation), we illustrate who middle actors are and what they can do to result in better public health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These case studies show that involving a wider range of middle actors, including those not traditionally involved in improving the public's health, can broaden the range and reach of organisations and individuals involving in advocating for public health measures. They also demonstrate that middle actors are not neutral. They can be recruited to improve public health outcomes, but they may also be exploited by commercial interests to block healthy policies or even promote a health-diminishing agenda.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using the MOP as a formal approach can help public health organisations and practitioners consider potential 'allies' from outside traditional health-related bodies or professions. Formal mapping can expand the range of who are considered potential middle actors for a particular public health issue. By applying the MOP, public health organisations and staff can enlist the additional leverage that is brought to bear by involving additional middle actors in improving the public's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"232-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10445136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The threat of gambling to public health in Ghana: time to act.","authors":"E Badu, G Crawford, J Hallett, D Vujcich, M E Bellringer","doi":"10.1177/17579139241229886","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139241229886","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":"144 4","pages":"205-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived stigma among diabetic patients and their caregivers: a review.","authors":"R Kaur, A K Sinha","doi":"10.1177/17579139221136725","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139221136725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Considerable number of studies in the existing literature indicate the existence of stigma related to many diseases, disabilities, and disorders, but less attention has been given to diabetes-related stigma. This narrative review of literature aims to explore the existence of stigma surrounding type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature were searched using search engines, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases published from year 2000 to 2020. Both qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on the stigma associated with T1DM were included. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of collected research material was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results provided substantial evidence that stigma associated with T1DM was experienced by T1DM patients and their caregivers at some point in their lives and it had affected their lives in different domains such as difficulty finding a spouse, discrimination at employment opportunities, educational institutions, management of disease, being misjudged as a druggie, poor quality of life of the patient and caregiver, depressive symptoms among parents of patients, constant worrying of their child's disease management, and so on.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stigma related to T1DM is experienced by individuals suffering from it, and it is widespread. It not only affects the sufferers but their loved ones also. To reduce and cope-up with stigma, there is a need to increase public education and awareness at a mass level. Further research and awareness will serve to build our understanding of the experience of diabetes-related stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"242-250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10521040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}