Perspectives in Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and inequalities: a systematic review of international evidence and critical appraisal of statistical methods.","authors":"A Abugamza, D Kaskirbayeva, A Charlwood, S Nikolova, A Martin","doi":"10.1177/17579139241231910","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139241231910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual labour market outcomes and how these vary over time and between different groups of individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches were conducted using Medline, Scopus and EconLit. Grey literature searches used Google Scholar and Econpapers. Study quality was assessed using the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of exposure tool (ROBINS-E), accompanied by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to identify relevant mediators, moderators and confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 85 studies (77 peer-reviewed articles, 8 working papers) were included. The ROBINS-E showed that the overall risk of bias varied between studies from low (<i>n</i> = 14), moderate (<i>n</i> = 56) to serious (<i>n</i> = 15). Studies also varied in terms of outcome measures, study designs and the academic disciplines of researchers. Generally, studies using data collected before and during the pandemic showed large negative effects on employment, working hours and income. Studies that assessed moderators (e.g. by industry, occupation, age, gender, race and country of birth) indicated the pandemic has likely worsened pre-existing disparities in health and work. Generally, women, less educated, non-whites and young workers were affected the most, perhaps due to their jobs involving high levels of personal contact (e.g. hospitality, sales and entertainment) and being less amenable to remote working. The DAG highlighted methodological challenges in drawing robust inferences about COVID-19's impact on employment, including the lack of an unexposed control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 health crisis caused unanticipated and unprecedented changes to employment opportunities around the world, with potential long-term health consequences. Further research should investigate the longer-term impact of COVID-19, with greater attention given to low- and middle-income countries. Our study provides guidance on the design and critical appraisal of future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140111761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response.","authors":"Alice Zelenka Martin, D Weston, J M Kesten, C E French","doi":"10.1177/17579139241257102","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139241257102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Rapid intervention development, implementation, and evaluation are required for emergency public health contexts, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. A novel Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework has been developed to assist this endeavour in future public health emergencies. This scoping review aimed to map available behavioural science resources that can be used to develop and evaluate public health guidance, messaging, and interventions in emergency contexts onto components of ACE: rapid development and implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and inclusion of evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review methodology was used. Searches were run on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Google, with search terms covering emergency response and behavioural science. Articles published since 2014 and which discussed a framework or guidance for using behavioural science in response to a public health emergency were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen records were included in the synthesis. The records covered a range of emergency contexts, the most frequent of which were COVID-19 (<i>n</i> = 7) and non-specific emergencies (<i>n</i> = 4). One record evaluated existing approaches, 6 proposed new approaches, and 10 described existing approaches. Commonly used approaches included the Behavioural Change Wheel; Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour model; and social identity theory. Three records discuss co-production with the target audience and consideration of diverse populations. Four records incorporate rapid testing, evaluation, or validation methods. Six records state that their approaches are designed to be implemented rapidly. No records cover all components of ACE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We recommend that future research explores how to create guidance involving rapid implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplaces supporting life's final chapter.","authors":"D Doshi, I Liu, N Araujo","doi":"10.1177/17579139261418891","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139261418891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"68-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making the invisible visible: Data, leadership, and the future of public health.","authors":"G Chêne, M Préau, P Lenert, Y Martin-Prével, R Giorgi","doi":"10.1177/17579139251361786","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139251361786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article offers a well-referenced expert opinion on the need to strengthen inclusive and ethical data systems as a foundation for equitable public health leadership. Drawing on recent experiences from COVID-19, maternal health, and climate-related health risks, the authors argue for concrete actions that public health professionals and institutions can take to make inequities more visible and address them effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"58-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual- and country-level socioeconomic predictors of community group membership across 50 countries in the World Values Survey.","authors":"Emma Walker, Daisy Fancourt, Hei Wan Mak","doi":"10.1177/17579139261421163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139261421163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Evidence shows that community group activities can support and improve health and wellbeing. However, research into the patterning of community engagement suggests that socioeconomic factors may act as barriers to participation. Yet, because this research has mainly been conducted in high-income, Western and Global North countries, it remains unclear whether these patterns are consistent across different countries and cultural settings, especially in Global South, low-middle income, and non-Western countries. Further, we do not know whether country-level socioeconomic factors influence community engagement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 64,065 adult respondents in the World Values Survey were analysed to examine the association between individual-level (education, income, and employment) and country-level (years of compulsory education, GDP per capita, Gini coefficient, and unemployment) socioeconomic factors and community organization membership rates. Multilevel regression modeling was used. Further analyses tested the associations between <i>active</i> membership and various types of community organization memberships. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, country of birth, household size and marital status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of community organization membership varies across countries. Kenya, Colombia and Mongolia have the highest numbers of memberships and Greece, Russia and Egypt have the lowest numbers. Individual education and perceived household income, and country-level income inequality and employment rate were all positively associated with group membership. Some variations by organisation type were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a universal social gradient in community organisation membership, with individual education as the most influential predictor of more memberships across countries. Given that participation in community organizations can improve and support individual and community wellbeing, and plays a role in cultural and social capital development, reducing participatory disparities in these organisations could contribute to the reduction of health and social inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139261421163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond 'firefighting' health inequalities in times of austerity: local authorities as ambidextrous organisations.","authors":"Christina Cooper, Monique Lhussier","doi":"10.1177/17579139251412212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251412212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study takes a unique approach to understanding the implementation of a whole-system place-based strategy to improve health and reduce health inequalities, using ambidextrous organisational theory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data consisted of the secondary analysis of 23 strategy documents in one local authority, and interviews (n = 22) with local decision-makers, front-line workers, and service users.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis highlights the tensions inherent in British Local Authorities (LAs), which in times of austerity have increasingly been expected to perform as financially self-sufficient, while meeting their health inequalities targets. Increasingly, LAs can be seen as being characterised by goal incoherence, with competing institutional logics. This leads them to exist in a paradoxical reality, leading to ambiguity and unease in the workforce, which can be reconciled through the generation of creative solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Organisations such as LAs can meet both of their social and financial performance ambitions by acknowledging, and working through, simultaneous strategic and operational needs, which capitalise on the potential of both exploration of new solutions and the exploitation of what already works well. Decision-makers need to see goals as not mutually exclusive, and instead engage in strategy discussions that lead to coordinated actions across the full range of ambitions. We highlight the potential contribution of the concept of ambidexterity to help LAs manage their competing priorities. It puts forward the concept of LAs as hybrid organisations with politically appointed boards and professional organisational units that intrinsically manoeuvre between mission and market orientation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251412212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building adaptive capacity: applying the action scales model for self-evaluation in a community-based health promotion programme.","authors":"C Leonhardt, D Danielsen, C Hinrichsen, T Curtis, K Eriksen, J Nobles, M H Rod","doi":"10.1177/17579139251412189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251412189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Public health intervention research increasingly adopts a complex systems approach, viewing interventions as events in systems that must adapt to evolving circumstances for sustainability. This study examines how a process of self-evaluation guided by the Action Scales Model (ASM) can enhance adaptive capacity in intervention programmes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study reports on the experiences from the <i>Child Life in Healthy Balance (CLHB)</i> programme. Data sources include participant observations, interviews, meeting minutes, and implementation logs from programme developers, project leaders, and local practitioners collected between 2020 and 2024. Observations examined engagement with the ASM during workshops and implementation activities, while interviews illustrated practitioners' understanding of programme goals and implementation. Meeting minutes documented programme planning and self-evaluation discussions, and implementation logs showed progress and signs of change derived from the programme.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through practice examples from the CLHB, we demonstrate how the ASM was used as a self-evaluative tool among programme developers and project leaders, as well as a framework for participatory evaluation and communication of programme goals to local practitioners. We highlight signs of capacity building and system change. The ASM facilitated structured discussions on implementation progress and helped align and adjust actions with programme goals. Although practitioners were not always explicitly aware of the ASM, interviews revealed that their understanding of programme goals was aligned with the terminology of the ASM and the overall principles of a systems approach. Some inconsistencies in interpreting the model created uncertainties, yet ASM proved valuable for communicating programme strategies and engaging local practitioners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ASM helped align actions with CLHB programme goals, fostering adaptive capacity by reframing and aligning perspectives. These positive experiences suggest that the ASM can be a useful tool for self-evaluation to enhance capacity-building efforts in systems-oriented community health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251412189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of cervical screening and attitudes to HPV self-sampling in Irish Traveller women, an ethnic minority group.","authors":"Patricia Fitzpatrick, Aisling Spratt, Aela O'Flynn, Reuel Jalal, Kate Frazer, Regina Joye, Una Kennedy, Triona McCarthy, Maria McEnery, Aine Lyng, Laura Heavey, Sinead Woods, Patricia Fox","doi":"10.1177/17579139251412200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251412200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Traveller population is a distinct minority ethnic group, formally recognised by the Irish Government in 2017. Irish Travellers have a lower life expectancy and poorer health expectancy than the general population. Internationally, HPV self-sampling is being considered as an option to improve uptake in cervical screening, particularly in underrepresented groups. It is not currently offered in Ireland, but assessment of acceptability is ongoing. The aim of this study was to determine the uptake of cervical screening and the acceptability of HPV self-sampling in eligible Traveller women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A face-to-face survey by and with Travellers, adapted from the National Cancer Control Programme's (NCCP) 2022 National Survey on Cancer Awareness, was conducted by Traveller Community Health workers in partnership with Pavee Point Traveller and Roma Centre.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>483 Travellers participated; 306 (63.1%) were women and 191 (39.5%) were in the eligible group for cervical screening (women aged 25-65). Of these, 142 (74%) had ever received an invitation; of those who received an invitation, 125 (89%) attended at least once. Over 73% of those attending cervical screening advised they attended all screening appointments. 37 (19.4%) reported HPV self-sampling as acceptable, 87 (45.5%) as unacceptable to them and 31 (16.2%) were unsure and would like more information. Of the 37 who reported HPV self-sampling as acceptable, 18 (50%) were non (7) or irregular (11) attenders at screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HPV self-sampling has the potential to overcome, for some Traveller women, the practical and personal barriers which may prevent them from responding to standard cervical cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251412200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The systems evaluation network: building capability and capacity in the use of systems science across public health.","authors":"J Nobles, J Murphy, D Radley, A Potts","doi":"10.1177/17579139251403525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251403525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Systems Evaluation Network (SEN) aims to build capability and capacity regarding the use of systems science in public health evaluation. The SEN was established in June 2021 and 3 years from its inception, we undertook a member survey to understand the engagement with, and impact of, the SEN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An 18-item cross-sectional survey captured quantitative and qualitative responses regarding SEN member perspectives, centring around their experience of the SEN, associated impacts, and future requirements. We analysed quantitative data descriptively and qualitative data through content analysis. Sub-group analyses explored differences between those working in academia vs practice/policy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-three participants completed the survey, with 60% working in academia and 40% in practice/policy. Considering experiences of the SEN, participants felt the SEN has shared information about innovative methods and evaluation approaches (94.0% agreed), has provided the opportunity to share and learn with other members (86.0% agreed), and has improved knowledge of systems evaluation methods (86.2% agreed). Regarding impacts of the SEN, participants stated that the SEN has increased their capability to apply systems-oriented methods and evaluation of systems approaches (76% agreed) and has facilitated relationships with others (56.9% agreed). Participants shared future capability requirements for evaluation, which focused on methods (e.g. systems dynamics modelling and ripple effects mapping), approaches (e.g. developmental evaluation and embedded researchers), and other ways in which capability could be increased (e.g. by using case studies).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This paper illustrates the experiences and impacts of the SEN, identifying its strengths such as the wide range of topics/content and the flexible and accessible delivery format, but contrast against the difficulties of fostering new relationships in an online setting. These findings can help inform the future direction of the SEN and provide insight to other online communities of practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251403525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pacific's response to non-communicable diseases: progress and the path forward.","authors":"Stw Tin, A Ravuvu, E Na'ati, I Kubuabola","doi":"10.1177/17579139251342752","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139251342752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Pacific Island Countries and Territories' (PICTs) progress in tackling non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as the strategic priorities needed for sustained and transformative change. It outlines successes in tobacco and alcohol taxation, improved physical activity levels, and enhanced governance and accountability frameworks. It also candidly addresses persistent challenges, such as policy enforcement gaps, emerging threats like e-cigarettes, and the need for more robust surveillance systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"8-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}