Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Surface and fracture properties of lithium disilicate and resin-Matrix CAD/CAM ceramics.","authors":"Ayat G Montaser, Sara Tamimi, Shimaa A El Saeed, Ahmed D Abogabal, Ahmed Y Allam, Suad M Hassan, Sally N El Adawy, Amany H Elzoka","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00225-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00225-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between smile arc curvature and skeletal pattern in orthodontic patients: a retrospective cross-sectional analytical study.","authors":"Atheer Ganem, Meelaf Alshahrani, Noura Abumelha, Nahar Alqahtani, Rima Albishri, Lina Hafiz, Wajd AlDhafer, Norah Alamri","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00236-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00236-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the association between smile arc curvature, skeletal pattern, and maxillary incisor display among orthodontic patients attending King Khalid University College of Dentistry. This retrospective cross-sectional analytical study included 150 eligible orthodontic patients. Standardized pretreatment posed smile photographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed. Smile arc curvature was classified as consonant, flat, or reverse. Associations with sagittal skeletal pattern (ANB), vertical skeletal pattern (SN-MP), and maxillary incisor display were evaluated using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore adjusted associations. Consonant smile arc was the most prevalent pattern (63.3%). No significant associations were observed with sagittal skeletal pattern or maxillary incisor display. A significant association with vertical skeletal pattern was identified in the unadjusted analysis; however, this association was not maintained after multivariable adjustment. Smile arc morphology appears to be multifactorial. Although an unadjusted association with vertical skeletal patterns was observed, no independent statistically significant associations were identified after adjustment. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the factors influencing smile arc morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Dimensional and cross-sectional compatibility of contemporary nickel-titanium files and their corresponding gutta-percha cones: A micro-computed tomography study.","authors":"Cem Şarkan, Faruk Haznedaroğlu, Ali Keleş","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00224-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00224-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical assessment of patient-centered outcomes of diode laser ablation, electrocautery, blade scalpel surgery, and tissue punch for second-stage uncovering: a randomized controlled trial study.","authors":"Nzar Abdulqadr Muhammed Amin","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00228-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00228-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are multiple ways to modify soft tissue to reveal dental implants and start the prosthetic phase of treatment. A critical step in implant therapy is the implant uncovering procedure, which exposes the implant fixture and allows for proper prosthetic restoration. To assess and compare the clinical outcomes of different surgical techniques used to uncover dental implants in the second stage of surgery. In this prospective, randomized, comparative study, a total of 120 implants from 80 participants were evaluated using four uncovering techniques (cold surgery, diode laser, electrocautery, and tissue punch; n = 30 per technique), and they were followed up for 7 days. Then, associations between categorical variables, such as age, gender, implant site, operative efficiency, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, swelling, wound healing, comfort, satisfaction, and complication profiles, were examined and compared. The groups were comparable in terms of age and gender distribution (p > 0.05). The diode laser and tissue punch achieved the shortest procedure times (1.6 ± 0.4 and 2.5 ± 0.5 min, respectively), the least intraoperative bleeding (p < 0.001), markedly lower postoperative pain/swelling, and the highest patient satisfaction/comfort (p < 0.001). By day 7, all patients were pain-free (p < 0.001), with excellent wound healing using the diode laser (83.3%) and satisfactory with the tissue punch (10% excellent and 50% good). However, the blade scalpel technique resulted in more bleeding, discomfort, and delayed healing, while electrocautery showed increased thermal effects. The diode laser and tissue punch techniques demonstrated the most efficient, minimally invasive, and patient-friendly outcomes for dental implant uncovering. Both provided superior healing, reduced postoperative complications, and higher satisfaction compared to other methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of immediate and delayed composite restoration on shear bond strength to remineralized initial enamel lesions: an in vitro study.","authors":"Mays Alrefai, Marwa M Alnsour, Alperen Değirmenci","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00229-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00229-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental caries weakens enamel, and remineralizing agents may help restore its structure; however, their effect on bonding to composite resin and the optimal timing of bonding after remineralization remain unclear. This study evaluated the effect of hydroxyapatite (Karex gel) and fluoride-containing hydroxyapatite (Remin Pro) as well as post-remineralization bonding timing on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to enamel. Eighty extracted human premolars and molars were divided into four groups: non-demineralized enamel (CI), demineralized enamel (CD), hydroxyapatite-treated enamel (KP), and fluoride-containing hydroxyapatite-treated enamel (RP). Except for the CI group, all teeth were demineralized. The RP and KP groups were treated with remineralizing agents for 28 days, while the CI and CD groups were stored in artificial saliva during this period. Each group was further divided based on the timing of composite bonding after remineralization: immediate (24 h) and delayed (7 days). SBS was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and failure modes were evaluated under microscopy. Data were analyzed using two-way robust ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Bonferroni post hoc analysis. Failure modes were compared using Fisher-Freeman-Halton and McNemar tests (p < 0.05). The group and time interaction was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Immediate bonding (24 h) showed similar SBS values across all groups (n = 40). At 7 days (n = 40), the fluoride-containing hydroxyapatite group (RP) demonstrated significantly higher SBS than the other groups (9.4 MPa), followed by KP group (7.45 MPa), while the lowest values were observed in the demineralized (CD) and control (CI) groups (3.25 MPa and 4.55 MPa, respectively). Most failures were adhesive, while mixed and cohesive failures were more frequent in remineralized groups. These findings suggest that fluoride-containing hydroxyapatite may enhance enamel composite bond strength after adequate post-remineralization time. The observed SBS values are more suitable for orthodontic/low-stress applications, and further maturation or surface conditioning may be required for load-bearing restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital infrastructure and readiness for artificial intelligence (AI) - enabled dentistry: technology adoption and barriers among dental practitioners in Bengaluru, India.","authors":"Ramesh Nagarajappa, Sowbhagyalakshmi Kariyappa, Deepa Bullappa, Mehak Batra","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00204-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00204-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess digital readiness for AI-enabled dentistry by evaluating the uptake of digital technologies, patterns of use, and implementation barriers among dentists in Bengaluru, India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 138 practising dentists using quota-based purposive sampling across predefined practice strata to include private practitioners, government or private academic institutions, and those engaged in both. A pretested structured questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, availability, utilisation, and perceived barriers to digital technologies. Descriptive statistics summarised prevalence and usage, while chi-square and regression analyses explored associations with professional characteristics. Digital radiography (91.3%) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) (68.84%) were the most widely available technologies, whereas intraoral cameras (52.17%) and Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems (34.06%) were less accessible. Higher age of the practitioners and higher years of clinical experience were positively associated with digital technology adoption. High cost, inadequate training, and maintenance expenses emerged as the most common barriers. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that greater clinical experience, male sex, and higher perceived implementation barriers were independently associated with greater digital technology uptake. Adoption of advanced digital technologies remains uneven across Bengaluru's dental sector, with disparities linked to experience, sex, and implementation barriers. Strengthening training, infrastructure, and implementation support is essential for equitable AI-readiness in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception and accuracy of an AI-based contactless wellness screening system in dental setting; a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Normaliza Ab Malik, Abdul Azim Asy Abdul Aziz, Nur Faraheen Abdul Rahman, Muneer Gohar Babar, Juliza Jamaludin, Mohamed Hisham Mohamed Jali","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00222-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00222-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the reliability and participants' responses to a contactless artificial intelligence (AI) device powered by Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) technology for screening vital signs. The contactless AI-based device was compared with automated devices and the manual method as part of its validation for potential healthcare screening applications in dental clinics. A survey was conducted to assess the participants' perception. The Bland-Altman analysis was performed to assess agreement between methods. A total of 499 patients were recruited for this study. There were no significant differences between the contactless AI-based device system and automated or manual measurements for respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (p > 0.05). Significant differences were observed in heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the automated device (p < 0.05). Bland-Altman analysis revealed wide limits of agreement for blood pressure (± 30 mmHg for SBP, ± 20 mmHg for DBP) with proportional bias, indicating that BP measurement requires substantial algorithmic refinement before clinical implementation. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation demonstrated excellent agreement with reference methods. Participants demonstrated high acceptance and positive perceptions of the AI-based system (all mean scores > 4.0) on a 5-point Likert scale. Participants also perceived that people and patients were generally optimistic about the potential of a contactless AI-based device used in dentistry. This study demonstrates that contactless rPPG technology shows validated clinical accuracy for respiratory rate and oxygen saturation monitoring in dental settings. However, blood pressure measurement algorithms require substantial refinement and further validation before clinical deployment. (250 words).</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of artificial intelligence in public health dentistry: applications, challenges, and future directions - a scoping review.","authors":"S Madhumitha, H M Thippeswamy, Vaishnavi Chandrashekar Gade","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00221-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00221-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare delivery globally, with increasing applications in public health dentistry. This scoping review maps and synthesises the current state of AI integration in public health dentistry practice, education, research, and surveillance. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (with Google Scholar used as a supplementary source) from database inception to December 31, 2024. Thirteen studies were included to map the range of evidence on AI applications, performance metrics, and implementation challenges using PRISMA-ScR guidelines and a structured narrative synthesis. Consistent with scoping review methodology, this study aimed to map existing evidence and identify research gaps rather than evaluate or establish the effectiveness of AI interventions. In preliminary studies conducted under varied and predominantly controlled or pilot conditions, AI applications were reported across multiple public health dentistry domains: (1) disease surveillance, with reported machine learning accuracy of 82-94% for caries prediction in individual studies; (2) community screening, with reported sensitivity of 85-92%; (3) health education, with reported 18-23% improvements in knowledge scores; (4) tele-dentistry, with reported diagnostic concordance of 81-87%; and (5) policy planning, with reported utilisation prediction accuracy of 76-82%. These figures are derived from heterogeneous, predominantly pilot studies and should not be interpreted as indicators of real-world effectiveness. Major implementation challenges included data quality issues (9/13 studies, 69%), algorithmic bias concerns (8/13, 62%), privacy and security barriers (7/13, 54%), and AI literacy gaps (10/13, 77%). Included studies suggest that AI may support several functions within public health dentistry; however, these conclusions are drawn from a small and heterogeneous evidence base dominated by pilot studies and narrative reviews, limiting generalisability to routine public health dental settings. Successful implementation will require addressing data quality, algorithmic transparency, workforce training, and ethical considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical effects of varying intrusion-to-retraction ratios on anterior tooth displacement during extraction space closure with clear aligners: an iterative finite element analysis.","authors":"Chanho Bae, Youn-Kyung Choi, Sung-Hun Kim, Seong-Sik Kim, Yong-Il Kim","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00227-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00227-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using finite element analysis, the present work examined the three-dimensional biomechanical responses of anterior and posterior teeth to a range of intrusion-to-retraction ratios during anterior space closure with clear aligners after extraction of a maxillary first premolar. A three-dimensional model of a maxillary first premolar extraction case was built, comprising the upper dentition, periodontal ligament, aligner, and attachments. The intrusion-to-retraction ratio was altered in a stepwise manner to define seven groups (C0-R6), and movement was reproduced through an iterative simulation of alveolar bone remodeling. For anterior and posterior teeth alike, three-dimensional displacement, change in tooth angulation, and the torque-loss-per-posterior-displacement (TL/PD) ratio were quantified. As the ratio rose, anterior crown displacement generally shifted from extrusion toward intrusion. Compared with C0, the 1:1 intrusion-to-retraction ratio reduced crown extrusion by 59.5% in the central incisors and 81.4% in the lateral incisors while maintaining distal displacement of all anterior teeth. The central incisors shifted to mesial displacement in the R3, R5, and R6 groups, indicating reduced retraction efficiency, and began to tip labially at R5. In contrast, distal displacement was maintained in the lateral incisors up to R5 and the canines across all groups. In the posterior segment, mesial crown movement shifted to distal movement from R2 onward, although the associated vertical responses differed among the posterior teeth. Variability in the TL/PD ratio was greatest for the central incisors, whereas the lateral incisors and canines remained comparatively stable. Under the constraints of this finite element study, overly high intrusion-to-retraction ratios lowered retraction efficiency and produced labial tipping, chiefly in the central incisors. Among the evaluated conditions, a 1:1 ratio (the R2 group) showed a comparatively balanced combination of anterior vertical control and space-closure efficiency while maintaining distal displacement of all anterior teeth. This ratio may serve as a biomechanical reference for digital treatment planning during extraction space closure with clear aligners, although clinical validation is required before routine application.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DentalEdu-AI graph: mapping evidence-grounded and knowledge-structured AI for dental education, assessment, and accuracy.","authors":"Pradeep Kumar Yadalam, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00230-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00230-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-2022 increase of large language models (LLMs) in dental education has generated a expansive heterogeneous literature spanning MCQ benchmarking, OSCE support, curriculum mapping. Despite significant increase, there is no evidence map showing where knowledge is robust or where methodological investment is needed. The function of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and knowledge graphs (KGs) in minimizing hallucinations is unexplored. The DentalEdu-AI Graph was created from 667 records: PubMed (549), Scopus (20), and web sources (98). After screening, 447 studies were chosen. Multi-label extraction identified AI type, dental specialty, assessment format, study design, and four quality flags was identified. A 37-node/49-edge knowledge graph of the dental AI ecosystem was constructed and validated with TF-IDF RAG-lite retrieval across 10 curriculum queries. Publication output risen considerably from 2 in 2022 to 203 in 2025 (+ 10,050%). ChatGPT/GPT-3.5 tops with 77.6%, followed by Gemini/Bard at 42.1% and Claude at 16.3%. Accuracy accounts for 80.5% of studies, but hallucination is only focused in 7.8%, revealing a major critical gap. RAG appears in 2.9%, and KG in 0.4%, despite being key hallucination-suppression strategies. The RAG-lite demo accomplished 80% top-1 accuracy, 90% top-3 accuracy, and Cohen's κ = 0.640. Dentistry LLM education literature is obsessed with precision and lacks infrastructure. Quality-first system design using RAG pipelines and KG limitations must replace accuracy-focused benchmarks. A KG (37 nodes, 49 edges, 21 typed relations) and TF-IDF demo are publically available in DentalEdu-AI Graph, the first open evidence map and infrastructure blueprint.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}