I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-04-27eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695261437638
Yang Gao, Charles Spence
{"title":"Assessing the role(s) of human touch in immersive entertainment.","authors":"Yang Gao, Charles Spence","doi":"10.1177/20416695261437638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695261437638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical touch plays an important role in various forms of immersive entertainment, influencing emotional engagement, presence, and narrative immersion. In this narrative historical review, we explore the significance of direct interpersonal (social) touch in entertainment contexts. This includes theme parks, immersive theater, participatory performance art, and digitally mediated touch (e.g., haptic feedback in virtual reality [VR], gaming, and film). By analyzing examples such as Disneyland character interactions, Sleep No More, and audience participation in The Rocky Horror Picture Show, we examine how physical touch enhances immersion by helping to break the fourth wall and by fostering audience agency. Additionally, we compare direct human touch with digitally mediated touch (e.g., haptic feedback in VR) and discuss their respective advantages and limitations. While digital touch offers flexibility and scalability, it often lacks the warmth (both literally and metaphorically), texture, and emotional nuance of actual human interaction and can struggle to reproduce the social meaning and attribution that shape affective touch. The review also highlights a number of the key challenges and boundary conditions in implementing physical touch in the context of entertainment, such as cultural variations in norms and comfort around interpersonal touch, privacy/consent concerns, hygiene concerns, and technical constraints. Future research directions include the integration of physical touch with emerging technologies, personalization of touch-based experiences, and the role of multisensory interactions in enhancing immersive storytelling. Understanding the mechanisms and impact of physical touch in entertainment can inform the design of future multisensory experiences, increasing audience engagement and emotional connectivity while minimizing harm and exclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695261437638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-04-24eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695261444892
Kazuyoshi Chikamura, Wakaba Yoshida, Shuma Tsurumi, Jun Kawahara
{"title":"Rightward shift of self-face representation.","authors":"Kazuyoshi Chikamura, Wakaba Yoshida, Shuma Tsurumi, Jun Kawahara","doi":"10.1177/20416695261444892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695261444892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-face representation refers to an internal image of one's own face that does not necessarily match its physical properties. A previous study showed that remembered facial features located centrally or on the right side, such as the nose and right eye, tend to shift rightward. However, this rightward bias may result from using the right index finger to report locations. The present study examined whether the bias would occur when participants used the left index finger, following Mora et al.'s procedure in which participants, with their eyes closed, pointed to locations on a transparent acrylic board as if the designated facial features were projected in parallel in front of the board. Twenty-eight participants pointed to designated facial features using either their right or left index finger. The reported locations were recorded digitally and compared with the actual feature locations. When using the right finger, a rightward bias appeared for all central and right-side facial features. When using the left finger, all left-side facial features shifted leftward, indicating a leftward bias. Importantly, the rightward bias remained for all right-side facial features. These results suggest that the bias reflects both a general tendency toward rightward shifting and an artifact related to the side of the reporting finger.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695261444892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-04-16eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695261441454
Tzu-Yu Chen, Li-Hsun Peng
{"title":"The influence of striped clothing on visual body perception: A study on pattern spacing design.","authors":"Tzu-Yu Chen, Li-Hsun Peng","doi":"10.1177/20416695261441454","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20416695261441454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The slimming effect of striped clothing has long been a research topic in the field of visual perception. Some studies have supported the Helmholtz illusion, which suggests that clothing with horizontal lines makes a person appear thinner than clothing with vertical lines. However, other studies argued that these experiments lacked ecological validity, as it seemed unlikely that stimuli with vertical and horizontal stripes were present concurrently. Therefore, perceptual anchoring should be incorporated into the experimental procedure. While previous studies used only pencil stripes as the research object, this study employed both pencil and equidistant stripes, introducing five different stripe spacing types. This study conducted three comparisons regarding the perception of body image in striped clothing using a survey (n = 214): Experiment 1 identified the horizontal style that appears the slimmest; Experiment 2 identified the vertical style that appears the slimmest; Experiment 3 compared the effects of horizontal and vertical stripes across five garment styles on body image perception, including which style makes the body look slimmer, enhances the figure more effectively, and is more visually appealing. The results show that the horizontally pencil-striped dress (1 × 2 h in our nomenclature) is perceived as the slimmest. Second, while a pencil stripe pattern may make the body appear slimmer when oriented horizontally, an equidistant stripe pattern may do this when oriented vertically instead (1 × 1 v from back). Third, there are slight differences between the perceptions of males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695261441454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-04-09eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695261435363
Sabrina Hansmann-Roth
{"title":"The influence of specular reflectance, albedo, and shape on perceived gloss: A case for three-dimensional maximum likelihood conjoint measurement (MLCM).","authors":"Sabrina Hansmann-Roth","doi":"10.1177/20416695261435363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695261435363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gloss perception depends on several surface properties, but most studies measure these effects only one or two at a time. Here, we test whether a three-dimensional version of maximum likelihood conjoint measurement (3D-MLCM) can be used to capture the combined influence of multiple cues on gloss. Observers judged which of two surfaces looked glossier while specular reflectance, albedo, and bumpiness were varied together. The additive model showed clear and reliable contributions of both albedo and bumpiness in addition to specular reflectance, and model comparisons confirmed that these cues significantly affected gloss judgments. The full model further revealed that these effects change with gloss level: bumpiness strongly influenced perceived gloss at low specular reflectance but had little effect at high gloss levels. These results show that 3D-MLCM provides stable, interpretable measurements and is a practical method for studying complex interactions between visual features that influence visual appearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695261435363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13070151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-04-08eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695261434802
Brian Rogers, Patrick Hughes
{"title":"<i>\"Solid Hollows\"</i> and \"<i>Reverspectives\"</i>: Similarities and differences.","authors":"Brian Rogers, Patrick Hughes","doi":"10.1177/20416695261434802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695261434802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patrick Hughes' <i>\"Reverspectives\"</i> typically have a three-dimensional structure consisting of <i>protruding</i>, truncated pyramids but they appear to <i>recede</i> into the distance because of the perspective images on the sides of the pyramids. More recently, PH has created \"Solid Hollows\" which have a receding (hollow) three-dimensional structure but they appear to protrude. In this paper, we have attempted to describe both the similarities and differences between \"Reverspectives\" and \"Solid Hollows\". We conclude that perspective is not a mere \"secondary cue\" (Helmholtz, 1910) in the perception of Reverspectives but instead perspective dominates over binocular disparity when the viewing distances are greater than 50-100 cm. For \"Solid Hollows\", perspective also plays a role in the (perceived) reversed depth, as does the visual system's inherent bias for seeing objects as convex.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695261434802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-04-07eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695261435451
Jiaotao Cai, Yanmei Wang
{"title":"Negative emotion alignment: The assimilation effect of facial emotion perception in a negative emotional crowd.","authors":"Jiaotao Cai, Yanmei Wang","doi":"10.1177/20416695261435451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695261435451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion perception of the target face within an emotional crowd is influenced by the intensity of surrounding emotional faces. The present study investigated whether participants perceived the target face's emotional intensity as more aligned with the crowd's emotional intensity (i.e., assimilation effect of facial emotion perception in an emotional crowd). Participants estimated the emotional intensity of the target face within a crowd consisting of multiple emotional faces (angry/happy crowd in Experiment 1 and Experiment 3; angry/happy/fearful crowd in Experiment 2). Results across the first two experiments established a consistent assimilation effect: when embedded within a low-intensity angry or fearful crowd, negative target faces were perceived as less intense than their objective baseline. After accounting for potential confounds related to facial morphological features, Experiment 3 replicated these findings, confirming the stability of this perceptual bias. Notably, this assimilation effect was valence-specific, appearing consistently for negative emotions but failing to emerge for happy faces. Additionally, we found that individuals with a higher level of depression tended to underestimate the happy intensity of the happy face within a happy crowd. Across three experiments, the present study revealed that the negative face's emotional intensity perception within a negative crowd exhibited an assimilation effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695261435451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-03-17eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695251411826
Tommaso Poscoliero, Massimo Girelli
{"title":"Kanizsa-like illusory figures shorten simple manual reaction time.","authors":"Tommaso Poscoliero, Massimo Girelli","doi":"10.1177/20416695251411826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20416695251411826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study provides evidence that simple manual reaction time (RT) can be shortened by task irrelevant Kanizsa-like illusory figures emerging as completed perceptual units in the observer's visual system. This type of behavioral effect allows to evaluate the role of a perceived figure constituted by brightness enhancement, illusory contours and depth stratification by maintaining constant retinal size and average luminance of the inducers in modulating RT. Using two different versions of the inducers, with the same retinal size and different average luminance, we found that simple RT was shortened by the presence vs absence of the figure with significant faster response in the illusory condition than no-illusory condition in the two versions of the inducers. These results confirm previous works that provide evidence on the relationship between simple RT and perceptual/phenomenal features.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695251411826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-03-16eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695251394612
Davide Esposito, Jessica Bertolasi, Andrea Escelsior, Maria Bianca Amadeo, Alberto Inuggi, Margherita Perucco, Ambra Alvano, Martina Marcenaro, Alessio Zizzi, Beatriz Pereira Da Silva, Gianluca Serafini, Mario Amore, Monica Gori
{"title":"Differentiating bipolar disorder from schizophrenia: The role of the induced Roelofs illusion.","authors":"Davide Esposito, Jessica Bertolasi, Andrea Escelsior, Maria Bianca Amadeo, Alberto Inuggi, Margherita Perucco, Ambra Alvano, Martina Marcenaro, Alessio Zizzi, Beatriz Pereira Da Silva, Gianluca Serafini, Mario Amore, Monica Gori","doi":"10.1177/20416695251394612","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20416695251394612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual illusions serve as a window into the altered perceptual experiences of individuals with psychiatric disorders. One such is the induced Roelofs effect, where the perceived position of a small stimulus is shifted toward the midline of a distractor frame surrounding the stimulus, as the shift is more pronounced in individuals with schizophrenia. The present work extends the induced Roelofs effect assessment to bipolar disorder. Healthy controls, patients with bipolar disorder, and patients with schizophrenia were shown a dot stimulus placed inside a frame whose horizontal position could vary, and they were asked to determine whether the dot position was to their left or to their right. The induced Roelofs effect was minimal in healthy controls, large in schizophrenia, and intermediate in bipolar disorder. No association between the effect size and psychotic symptomatology or cognitive abilities was found. Yet, a nonlinear, concave association was found between the total pharmacological load and the illusion size. The results suggest that the illusion is related to alterations in sensory processing, which are common to both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, hence showing their potential utility in clinical evaluations, which currently tend to overlook the sensory domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695251394612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-03-12eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695261432329
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Rapid biasing effect of prior auditory contexts on bistable tritone perception\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/20416695261432329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695261432329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/20416695251409272.].</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695261432329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2026-03-09eCollection Date: 2026-03-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695251410119
Bence Szaszkó, Mark Andrej Loebus
{"title":"Context shapes evaluation of emotional valence, not emotional categorization: A fresh look at the Kuleshov effect.","authors":"Bence Szaszkó, Mark Andrej Loebus","doi":"10.1177/20416695251410119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695251410119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In filmmaking, a neutral face paired with an emotional context can convey a congruent emotion-a phenomenon known as the Kuleshov effect. However, past research has yielded mixed findings on the existence of the Kuleshov effect, possibly due to methodological variability; we therefore implemented a boundary-test paradigm that combined normed static context images with dynamic facial stimuli separated by an explicit context-rating step to examine how visual context shapes the evaluation and categorization of faces under such conditions. We hypothesized that positive context would elevate facial valence ratings (and vice versa), while evoking different-than-neutral emotions in a neutral face when categorized. Thirty-two participants first rated the valence of a context image on a 7-point Likert scale. They then viewed a video of a neutral face, evaluated its valence on the same scale, and explicitly categorized the expression by selecting one of five predefined emotion labels (neutral, angry, happy, sad, disgusted). Analyses using linear mixed-effects models confirmed that positive contexts led to higher facial valence ratings, while negative contexts led to lower ones; by contrast, multinomial regression revealed no effect of context on emotional categorization. Our findings suggest that while visual context can bias evaluative judgments of facial expressions, it does not necessarily alter their emotional categorization under conditions where cinematic continuity is absent, highlighting the boundaries of the Kuleshov effect in line with previous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"17 2","pages":"20416695251410119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12972553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}