I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-10-13eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241286413
Dirk Kerzel, Nicolas Prigoda, Olivier Renaud
{"title":"Do you look longer at attractive faces? It depends on what you are looking for.","authors":"Dirk Kerzel, Nicolas Prigoda, Olivier Renaud","doi":"10.1177/20416695241286413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695241286413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolutionary psychology suggests that we are attuned to relevant information in the environment. For example, attention may be attracted by physical beauty because it is important for finding a partner with good reproductive health. Consistently, previous studies found that attention stayed longer on attractive than unattractive faces. We asked whether this tendency was automatic and varied participants' implicit search intentions to be either consistent or inconsistent with the presumably automatic tendency to attend to attractive faces. To create an implicit intention to look at attractive faces, participants searched for a happy face in an array of neutral faces because happy faces are rated as more attractive than neutral faces. To create the opposite intention to look at unattractive faces, participants searched for a disgusted or sad face because disgusted or sad faces are rated as less attractive than neutral faces. We found longer fixation durations on attractive faces when participants searched for happy faces. When participants searched for disgusted or sad faces, however, fixation durations were longer on unattractive faces. Thus, the search task determined whether attractive faces were looked at longer. The tendency to attend to attractive faces is therefore not automatic but can be overruled by search intentions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 5","pages":"20416695241286413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-10-09eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241285911
Frédéric Devinck, Christophe Quaireau
{"title":"The face-cube illusion by Jean Beuchet.","authors":"Frédéric Devinck, Christophe Quaireau","doi":"10.1177/20416695241285911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695241285911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The face-cube illusion was made by Jean Beuchet in 1966 (as indicated in the device) and this effect was not published. For this reason, it seems important to present this visual phenomenon. The effect is obtained from connected curved wire construction presented in three-dimensional space. The orientation of wires can be modified, and it can be perceived as either a cube or a face depending on one's viewing point.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 5","pages":"20416695241285911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-10-09eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241287486
Machi Sugai, Fumiya Yonemitsu, Atsunori Ariga
{"title":"Romantic bias in judging the attractiveness of faces wearing masks.","authors":"Machi Sugai, Fumiya Yonemitsu, Atsunori Ariga","doi":"10.1177/20416695241287486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695241287486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spread of COVID-19 has drastically increased the number of people wearing masks in public areas and the opportunities to evaluate others' faces based on limited information. This study investigates the cognitive bias in judging the attractiveness of faces partially hidden by sanitary masks. Experiment 1 revealed that men rated women's faces as more attractive when wearing masks, specifically in the context of rating women as romantic partners; however, this mask bias was absent when men rated women as friends. On the other hand, women did not show the mask bias irrespective of the assumed social relationship. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the mask bias among elderly men was less affected by the assumed social relationship (or the possibility of reproduction), compared to young men, though they showed the bias itself. These results suggest that the cognitive strategies related to reproduction underlie the attractiveness judgment of the partial faces.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 5","pages":"20416695241287486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-09-30eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241279929
James T Todd
{"title":"A tutorial on the physics of light and image shading.","authors":"James T Todd","doi":"10.1177/20416695241279929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695241279929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides an overview of the many different ways that light interacts with surfaces in the natural environment to provide useful information for visual perception. It begins with a discussion of how the concept of light has evolved over the course of human history. It then considers a wide variety of optical phenomena including Lambert's laws of illumination, the effects of microscopic surface structure on patterns of reflection, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function, the refraction of transmitted light, chromatic dispersion, thin film interference, sub-surface scattering, the Fresnel effects, indirect illumination from multiple reflections, caustics, and the structure of the light field. The primary goal of this discussion is to provide the necessary background information to help students and young researchers more easily understand the scientific literature on the perception of 3D shape and material properties from patterns of image shading.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 5","pages":"20416695241279929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-09-29eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241281172
Yumiko Fujii, Hiromi Morita
{"title":"Encoding of object location in a scrolling display.","authors":"Yumiko Fujii, Hiromi Morita","doi":"10.1177/20416695241281172","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20416695241281172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are two main characteristics of visual information processing when viewing an image by scrolling on a small screen: viewing the image sequentially, section by section, owing to the limited visible area, and moving the image to view the desired section of the image. In this study, we investigated the effects of these characteristics on the encoding of object location. The participants were required to observe an image containing 10 objects under three viewing conditions without a time limit and to recall the location of the target object. The viewing conditions were a scrolling condition, a moving-window condition in which a fixed image was viewed by moving the window, and a no-window condition in which the entire image was viewed without a window. The results showed that although the recall accuracy did not differ among the conditions, the observation time increased in the order of scrolling, moving-window, and no-window conditions. These results indicate that in a scrolling view, the object location can be encoded with the same accuracy as that in a full view; however, more time is required for encoding. This finding suggests that viewing the image sequentially and moving the image degrade the encoding of object location.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 5","pages":"20416695241281172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241274662
Devin Reynolds, Vijay Singh
{"title":"Characterization of human lightness discrimination thresholds for independent spectral variations.","authors":"Devin Reynolds, Vijay Singh","doi":"10.1177/20416695241274662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695241274662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lightness of an object is an intrinsic property that depends on its surface reflectance spectrum. The visual system estimates an object's lightness from the light reflected off its surface. However, the reflected light also depends on object extrinsic properties of the scene, such as the light source. For stable perception, the visual system needs to discount the variations due to the object extrinsic properties. We characterize this perceptual stability for variation in two spectral properties of the scene: the reflectance spectra of background objects and the intensity of light sources. We measure human observers' thresholds of discriminating computer-generated images of 3D scenes based on the lightness of a spherical target object in the scene. We measured change in discrimination thresholds as we varied the reflectance spectra of the objects and the intensity of the light sources in the scene, both individually and simultaneously. For small amounts of extrinsic variations, the discrimination thresholds remained nearly constant indicating that the thresholds were dominated by observers' intrinsic representation of lightness. As extrinsic variation increased, it started affecting observers' lightness judgment and the thresholds increased. We estimated that the effects of extrinsic variations were comparable to observers' intrinsic variation in the representation of object lightness. Moreover, for simultaneous variation of these spectral properties, the increase in threshold squared compared to the no-variation condition was a linear sum of the corresponding increase in threshold squared for the individual properties, indicating that the variations from these independent sources combine linearly.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 5","pages":"20416695241274662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11475098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/20416695241278562
Déborah Epicoco, Domicele Jonauskaite, Christine Mohr, C. Alejandro Parraga
{"title":"Can we estimate which colors our participants see? Comparing results from different gamma correction methods","authors":"Déborah Epicoco, Domicele Jonauskaite, Christine Mohr, C. Alejandro Parraga","doi":"10.1177/20416695241278562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695241278562","url":null,"abstract":"In experimental color research, one must ensure that color is displayed and described reliably. When monitors are involved, colors are displayed through device-dependent color systems. However, these values must be translated into device-independent color systems to interpret what people perceive, often involving techniques such as gamma correction. We sought to explore the feasibility of estimating gamma instead of relying on direct gamma measurements, which typically require specialized equipment like a chromameter. Potential solutions include a computerized perception-based gamma estimation task or adopting the industry-standard gamma value of 2.2. We compared these two solutions against the chromameter measurements in the context of a color-matching task. Thirty-nine participants visually matched red, yellow, green, and blue physical objects using a computerized color picker. Starting from these color choices, we applied two RGB-to-CIE Lab color conversion methods: one using a perception-based gamma estimation and another using the industry-standard gamma. Color values obtained with the chromameter differed from the other two methods by 6–15 JNDs. Small differences existed between the results obtained using the perception-based task and the industry-standard gamma. Thus, we conclude that when standard viewing conditions cannot be assumed, adopting a gamma value of 2.2 should suffice.","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-09-02eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241267371
Jan Koenderink, Andrea van Doorn, Johan Wagemans
{"title":"Varieties of pictorial vision.","authors":"Jan Koenderink, Andrea van Doorn, Johan Wagemans","doi":"10.1177/20416695241267371","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20416695241267371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pictorial awareness is addressed through experimental phenomenology involving over 90 naïve participants. Since one can't look at the \"same\" picture twice the study uses one-shot trials. The participant's fascination for the duration of a session is held through the artistic principle of theme and variation. Six variations focus on the theme of pictorial geometry, both two-dimensional and three-dimensional. Major findings are: Idiosyncratic deviations from veridical are huge as compared to common textbook \"effects.\" Observers wield arbitrary heuristics for tasks that are \"formally related.\" The assumption of a common formal framework is apparently unsound. The notion of \"inverse optics\" is misleading. A fair fraction of the population appears to lack monocular stereopsis as intuitive awareness. It suggests an as-yet unrecognized, but perhaps common variety of aphantasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 5","pages":"20416695241267371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-09-02eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241278277
Shinya Yamamoto
{"title":"Bilateral rubber hand illusion induced by unilateral visuotactile stimulation.","authors":"Shinya Yamamoto","doi":"10.1177/20416695241278277","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20416695241278277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rubber hand illusion involves the sense of body ownership of a fake hand. We showed that concurrent visuotactile stimuli to <i>unilateral</i> rubber and real hands can induce the embodiment of <i>bilateral</i> rubber hands when both rubber hands are positioned on the table. This phenomenon indicates that the brain has an integrated representation of the sense of body ownership for both hands.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 5","pages":"20416695241278277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-PerceptionPub Date : 2024-08-22eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/20416695241269314
Jan J Koenderink, Andrea J van Doorn, Doris I Braun
{"title":"The well-tempered color circle: A chromatic Gestalt.","authors":"Jan J Koenderink, Andrea J van Doorn, Doris I Braun","doi":"10.1177/20416695241269314","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20416695241269314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"Color Circle\" is an important chromatic Gestalt in the visual arts. There is not really a formal equivalent in conventional colorimetry. The fact that the hues can be linearly ordered and that such an order is necessarily periodic was intuited by artists in the early 19th century, but only formally explained by Ostwald and later Schrödinger a century later. As with musical keys, various metrical orders are in common use. Is there such a thing as a \"well tempered\" order? We consider this an issue for experimental phenomenology. We discuss an attempt based on observations by 30 (nonartist) observers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47194,"journal":{"name":"I-Perception","volume":"15 4","pages":"20416695241269314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}