AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-01867-6
Erez Firt
{"title":"What makes full artificial agents morally different","authors":"Erez Firt","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-01867-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-024-01867-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the research field of machine ethics, we commonly categorize artificial moral agents into four types, with the most advanced referred to as a full ethical agent, or sometimes a full-blown Artificial Moral Agent (AMA). This type has three main characteristics: autonomy, moral understanding and a certain level of consciousness, including intentional mental states, moral emotions such as compassion, the ability to praise and condemn, and a conscience. This paper aims to discuss various aspects of full-blown AMAs and presents the following argument: the creation of full-blown artificial moral agents, endowed with intentional mental states and moral emotions, and trained to align with human values, does not, by itself, guarantee that these systems will have <i>human</i> morality. Therefore, it is questionable whether they will be inclined to honor and follow what they perceive as incorrect moral values. we do not intend to claim that there is such a thing as a universally shared human morality, only that as there are different human communities holding different sets of moral values, the moral systems or values of the discussed artificial agents would be different from those held by human communities, for reasons we discuss in the paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"175 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-01867-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01856-1
Noel Carroll
{"title":"Are we inventing ourselves out of our own usefulness? Striking a balance between creativity and AI","authors":"Noel Carroll","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01856-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01856-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"249 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01828-5
Lucas Scripter
{"title":"The achievement gap thesis reconsidered: artificial intelligence, automation, and meaningful work","authors":"Lucas Scripter","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01828-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01828-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>John Danaher and Sven Nyholm have argued that automation, especially of the sort powered by artificial intelligence, poses a threat to meaningful work by diminishing the chances for meaning-conferring workplace achievement, what they call “achievement gaps”. In this paper, I argue that Danaher and Nyholm’s achievement gap thesis suffers from an ambiguity. The weak version of the thesis holds that automation may result in the appearance of achievement gaps, whereas the strong version holds that automation may result on balance loss in possibilities for workplace achievements, i.e., in the appearance of an overall gappier work landscape. Against the strong version of the achievement gap thesis, I characterize situations where automation may result in boons to meaning-conferring workplace achievements: the appearance of what I call achievement spread and achievement swaps. Nevertheless, Danaher and Nyholm are right to worry about some uses of automation whereby human workers become subservient to AI. But these situations are better framed, I argue, as autonomy gaps rather than achievement gaps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"89 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01828-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01860-5
Max Tretter
{"title":"When discussing the desirability of religious robots: courage for theology!","authors":"Max Tretter","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01860-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01860-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"245 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01860-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01848-1
Mamun Rashid
{"title":"Architect, AI and the maximiser scenario","authors":"Mamun Rashid","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01848-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01848-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"241 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0
Yoshija Walter
{"title":"Artificial influencers and the dead internet theory","authors":"Yoshija Walter","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"239 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01861-4
Ariel Guersenzvaig, Javier Sánchez-Monedero
{"title":"AI research assistants, intrinsic values, and the science we want","authors":"Ariel Guersenzvaig, Javier Sánchez-Monedero","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01861-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01861-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"235 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139821355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01853-4
Rayyan Dabbous
{"title":"Why we should design less privileged AI systems","authors":"Rayyan Dabbous","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01853-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01853-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"233 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139886602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AI & SocietyPub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01850-7
Rebecca Raper
{"title":"A comment on the pursuit to align AI: we do not need value-aligned AI, we need AI that is risk-averse","authors":"Rebecca Raper","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01850-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01850-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"229 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}