AI & Society最新文献_第10页

Willingness of sharing facial data for emotion recognition: a case study in the insurance market 共享面部数据用于情绪识别的意愿：保险市场案例研究

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01690-5

Giulio Mangano, Andrea Ferrari, Carlo Rafele, Enrico Vezzetti, Federica Marcolin

引用次数: 0

Human-centric AI: philosophical and community-centric considerations 以人为本的人工智能：以哲学和社区为中心的思考

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01694-1

Randon R. Taylor, Bessie O’Dell, John W. Murphy

引用次数: 0

Beyond ideals: why the (medical) AI industry needs to motivate behavioural change in line with fairness and transparency values, and how it can do it 超越理想：（医疗）人工智能行业为何需要根据公平和透明的价值观来推动行为改变，以及如何做到这一点

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01684-3

Alice Liefgreen, Netta Weinstein, Sandra Wachter, Brent Mittelstadt

{"title":"Beyond ideals: why the (medical) AI industry needs to motivate behavioural change in line with fairness and transparency values, and how it can do it","authors":"Alice Liefgreen, Netta Weinstein, Sandra Wachter, Brent Mittelstadt","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01684-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01684-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly relied upon by clinicians for making diagnostic and treatment decisions, playing an important role in imaging, diagnosis, risk analysis, lifestyle monitoring, and health information management. While research has identified biases in healthcare AI systems and proposed technical solutions to address these, we argue that effective solutions require human engagement. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on how to motivate the adoption of these solutions and promote investment in designing AI systems that align with values such as transparency and fairness from the outset. Drawing on insights from psychological theories, we assert the need to understand the values that underlie decisions made by individuals involved in creating and deploying AI systems. We describe how this understanding can be leveraged to increase engagement with de-biasing and fairness-enhancing practices within the AI healthcare industry, ultimately leading to sustained behavioral change via autonomy-supportive communication strategies rooted in motivational and social psychology theories. In developing these pathways to engagement, we consider the norms and needs that govern the AI healthcare domain, and we evaluate incentives for maintaining the status quo against economic, legal, and social incentives for behavior change in line with transparency and fairness values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"39 5","pages":"2183 - 2199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01684-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114626433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI and Swedish Heritage Organisations: challenges and opportunities 人工智能与瑞典遗产组织：挑战与机遇

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01689-y

Gabriele Griffin, Elisabeth Wennerström, Anna Foka

{"title":"AI and Swedish Heritage Organisations: challenges and opportunities","authors":"Gabriele Griffin, Elisabeth Wennerström, Anna Foka","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01689-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01689-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines the challenges and opportunities that arise with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods and tools when implemented within cultural heritage institutions (CHIs), focusing on three selected Swedish case studies. The article centres on the perspectives of the CHI professionals who deliver that implementation. Its purpose is to elucidate how CHI professionals respond to the opportunities and challenges AI/ML provides. The three Swedish CHIs discussed here represent different organizational frameworks and have different types of collections, while sharing, to some extent, a similar position in terms of the use of AI/ML tools and methodologies. The overarching question of this article is what is the state of knowledge about AI/ML among Swedish CHI professionals, and what are the related issues? To answer this question, we draw on (1) semi-structured interviews with CHI professionals, (2) individual CHI website information, and (3) CHI-internal digitization protocols and digitalization strategies, to provide a nuanced analysis of both professional and organisational processes concerning the implementation of AI/ML methods and tools. Our study indicates that AI/ML implementation is in many ways at the very early stages of implementation in Swedish CHIs. The CHI professionals are affected in their AI/ML engagement by four key issues that emerged in the interviews: their institutional and professional knowledge regarding AI/ML; the specificities of their collections and associated digitization and digitalization issues; issues around personnel; and issues around AI/ML resources. The article suggests that a national CHI strategy for AI/ML might be helpful as would be knowledge-, expertise-, and potentially personnel- and resource-sharing to move beyond the constraints that the CHIs face in implementing AI/ML.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"39 5","pages":"2359 - 2372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01689-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133956947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Algorithmic discrimination in the credit domain: what do we know about it? 信贷领域的算法歧视：我们对此了解多少？

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01676-3

Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia, Marcio Gomes Pinto Garcia, Roberto Rigobon

{"title":"Algorithmic discrimination in the credit domain: what do we know about it?","authors":"Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia, Marcio Gomes Pinto Garcia, Roberto Rigobon","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01676-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01676-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The widespread usage of machine learning systems and econometric methods in the credit domain has transformed the decision-making process for evaluating loan applications. Automated analysis of credit applications diminishes the subjectivity of the decision-making process. On the other hand, since machine learning is based on past decisions recorded in the financial institutions’ datasets, the process very often consolidates existing bias and prejudice against groups defined by race, sex, sexual orientation, and other attributes. Therefore, the interest in identifying, preventing, and mitigating algorithmic discrimination has grown exponentially in many areas, such as Computer Science, Economics, Law, and Social Science. We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review to understand (1) the research settings, including the discrimination theory foundation, the legal framework, and the applicable fairness metric; (2) the addressed issues and solutions; and (3) the open challenges for potential future research. We explored five sources: ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar, IEEE Digital Library, Springer Link, and Scopus. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 78 papers written in English and published between 2017 and 2022. According to the meta-analysis of this literature survey, algorithmic discrimination has been addressed mainly by looking at the CS, Law, and Economics perspectives. There has been great interest in this topic in the financial area, especially the discrimination in providing access to the mortgage market and differential treatment (different fees, number of parcels, and interest rates). Most attention has been devoted to the potential discrimination due to bias in the dataset. Researchers are still only dealing with direct discrimination, addressed by algorithmic fairness, while indirect discrimination (structural discrimination) has not received the same attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"39 4","pages":"2059 - 2098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01676-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132289250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The unwitting labourer: extracting humanness in AI training 不知情的劳动者：在人工智能训练中提取人性

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01692-3

Fabio Morreale, Elham Bahmanteymouri, Brent Burmester, Andrew Chen, Michelle Thorp

引用次数: 0

Art, technology and the Internet of Living Things. 艺术、技术和物联网。

IF 3

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01667-4

Vibeke Sørensen, J Stephen Lansing

{"title":"Art, technology and the Internet of Living Things.","authors":"Vibeke Sørensen, J Stephen Lansing","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01667-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01667-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intelligence augmentation was one of the original goals of computing. Artificial Intelligence (AI) inherits this project and is at the leading edge of computing today. Computing can be considered an extension of brain and body, with mathematical prowess and logic fundamental to the infrastructure of computing. Multimedia computing-sensing, analyzing, and translating data to and from visual images, animation, sound and music, touch and haptics, as well as smell-is based on our human senses and is now commonplace. We use data visualization and sonification, as well as data mining and analysis, to sort through the complexity and vast volume of data coming from the world inside and around us. It helps us 'see' in new ways. We can think of this capacity as a new kind of \"digital glasses\". The Internet of Living Things (IOLT) is potentially an even more profound extension of ourselves to the world: a network of electronic devices embedded into objects, but now with subcutaneous, ingestible devices, and embedded sensors that include people and other living things. Like the Internet of Things (IOT), living things are connected; we call those connections \"ecology\". As the IOT becomes increasingly synonymous with the IOLT, the question of ethics that is at the centre of aesthetics and the arts will move to the forefront of our experience of and regard for the world in and around us.</p>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10187521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9713370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking “digital”: a genealogical enquiry into the meaning of digital and its impact on individuals and society 反思 "数字"：对数字的含义及其对个人和社会的影响的系谱学探究

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01687-0

Luca Capone, Marta Rocchi, Marta Bertolaso

{"title":"Rethinking “digital”: a genealogical enquiry into the meaning of digital and its impact on individuals and society","authors":"Luca Capone, Marta Rocchi, Marta Bertolaso","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01687-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01687-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current social and technological scenario, the term <i>digital</i> is abundantly used with an apparently transparent and unambiguous meaning. This article aims to unveil the complexity of this concept, retracing its historical and cultural origin. This genealogical overview allows to understand the reason why an <i>instrumental conception</i> of digital media has prevailed, considering the digital as a mere tool to convey a message, as opposed to a <i>constitutive conception</i>. The constitutive conception places the digital phenomenon in the broader ground of media studies, and it considers digital technologies as an interface between the subject and the world. In this perspective, the media is not added to the experience of the person, but it shapes it from within on a cognitive, expressive and communicative level. The article makes use of two powerful examples to show the shortcomings of an instrumental conception of the digital, and to affirm the value of a constitutive conception for current media studies regarding digital interfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"39 5","pages":"2285 - 2295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01687-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86310330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence as the new fire and its geopolitics 人工智能作为新火及其地缘政治

IF 3

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01678-1

Manh-Tung Ho, H. Nguyen

引用次数: 1

Adopting AI: how familiarity breeds both trust and contempt 采用人工智能：熟悉如何滋生信任和蔑视。

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01666-5

Michael C. Horowitz, Lauren Kahn, Julia Macdonald, Jacquelyn Schneider

{"title":"Adopting AI: how familiarity breeds both trust and contempt","authors":"Michael C. Horowitz, Lauren Kahn, Julia Macdonald, Jacquelyn Schneider","doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01666-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-023-01666-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite pronouncements about the inevitable diffusion of artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies, in practice, it is human behavior, not technology in a vacuum, that dictates how technology seeps into—and changes—societies. To better understand how human preferences shape technological adoption and the spread of AI-enabled autonomous technologies, we look at representative adult samples of US public opinion in 2018 and 2020 on the use of four types of autonomous technologies: vehicles, surgery, weapons, and cyber defense. By focusing on these four diverse uses of AI-enabled autonomy that span transportation, medicine, and national security, we exploit the inherent variation between these AI-enabled autonomous use cases. We find that those with familiarity and expertise with AI and similar technologies were more likely to support all of the autonomous applications we tested (except weapons) than those with a limited understanding of the technology. Individuals that had already delegated the act of driving using ride-share apps were also more positive about autonomous vehicles. However, familiarity cut both ways; individuals are also less likely to support AI-enabled technologies when applied directly to their life, especially if technology automates tasks they are already familiar with operating. Finally, we find that familiarity plays little role in support for AI-enabled military applications, for which opposition has slightly increased over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"39 4","pages":"1721 - 1735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10090776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0