AI & Society最新文献_第10页

Mental states and consciousness: a tribute to Daniel Dennett 精神状态和意识：向丹尼尔·丹尼特致敬

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02119-3

Derek Matravers

引用次数: 0

Imaginaries of humanoids and evolutions of technological visions of AI in Eastern and Western media 东西方媒体对类人的想象和人工智能技术愿景的演变

IF 4.7

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02117-5

Sunny Yoon

{"title":"Imaginaries of humanoids and evolutions of technological visions of AI in Eastern and Western media","authors":"Sunny Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-02117-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-024-02117-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To the extent of contesting visions of AI technology, both utopian and dystopian views of AI and humanoid technology resonate particular assumption of human subjectivity originated from modern enlightenment philosophy (i.e., Descartes, Kant). Accordingly, the series of transhumanism including Kurzweil, Moravec and Harrari envision evolution of human capability through the advancement of AI technology while assuming human subjectivities based on Cartesian dualism. As transhumanism is critically viewed by diverse perspectives including from philosophical, technological, cultural and religious stand points, post-humanism address issues of human subjectivities and human/environmental relations with regard to evolution of AI technology. This article delves into media representation of futurist vision of AI technology in different regions in the world. Em(dis)bodiment of AI and humanoids in Hollywood and Asian SF (science fiction) films, for example, resonates philosophical and cultural debates between transhumanism and posthumanism. This article addresses theoretical discussions in relation to the development of AI technology and design of humanoid by comparing liberal views of human subjectivities (i.e., Descartes and Kant) with critical views against it (i.e., Heidegger and Foucault). The issues of cultural diversity in relation to the development of AI technology is particularly highlighted by introducing theories of non-Western scholarship and examining distinctive media representation of AI in the East and the West.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 5","pages":"3663 - 3672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The human biological advantage over AI 人类相对于人工智能的生物学优势

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02112-w

William Stewart

{"title":"The human biological advantage over AI","authors":"William Stewart","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-02112-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-024-02112-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent advances in AI raise the possibility that AI systems will one day be able to do anything humans can do, only better. If artificial general intelligence (AGI) is achieved, AI systems may be able to understand, reason, problem solve, create, and evolve at a level and speed that humans will increasingly be unable to match, or even understand. These possibilities raise a natural question as to whether AI will eventually become superior to humans, a successor “digital species”, with a rightful claim to assume leadership of the universe. However, a deeper consideration suggests the overlooked differentiator between human beings and AI is not the brain, but the central nervous system (CNS), providing us with an immersive integration with physical reality. It is our CNS that enables us to experience emotion including pain, joy, suffering, and love, and therefore to fully appreciate the consequences of our actions on the world around us. And that emotional understanding of the consequences of our actions is what is required to be able to develop sustainable ethical systems, and so be fully qualified to be the leaders of the universe. A CNS cannot be manufactured or simulated; it must be grown as a biological construct. And so, even the development of consciousness will not be sufficient to make AI systems superior to humans. AI systems may become more capable than humans on almost every measure and transform our society. However, the best foundation for leadership of our universe will always be DNA, not silicon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 4","pages":"2181 - 2190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02112-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Democratizing AI in public administration: improving equity through maximum feasible participation 人工智能在公共行政中的民主化：通过最大可能的参与来提高公平

IF 4.7

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02120-w

Randon R. Taylor, John W. Murphy, William T. Hoston, Senthujan Senkaiahliyan

引用次数: 0

Finally, the death of the author! A ‘detournement’ strategy for decolonizing the artistic venue 最后，作者去世了！一种去殖民化艺术场所的“迂回”策略

IF 2.9

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02116-6

Filippo Fabrocini, Kostas Terzidis, De’en Chen

{"title":"Finally, the death of the author! A ‘detournement’ strategy for decolonizing the artistic venue","authors":"Filippo Fabrocini, Kostas Terzidis, De’en Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-02116-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-024-02116-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the famous ‘Fragment on Machines’ of the ‘Grundrisse’, Marx points out how social or collective knowledge (the ‘general intellect’) has become a ‘direct force of production’ through its embodiment into technical devices. The rhetorical wording ‘artificial intelligence’, with its own misleading anthropomorphic connotations, looks, from a Marxist perspective, the apex of this process in which knowledge becomes the core of the fixed capital that ideally must be re-appropriated by the workers. In this context, AI Art appears as one of the many expressions of the commodification of the collective knowledge in which, for using the expression of Guy Debord, ‘all that was once lived has moved into representation for being commodified’. However, the progressive availability of AI tools for generating art also opens the doors to a ‘detournement’ strategy by allowing a decolonization of the artistic scenario in which each of us becomes the ‘author’ without being the author. Maybe in future, rather than asking ‘who is the author?’ we will find ourselves asking ‘what is the author?’. A move of this kind achieves automatically the ‘death of the author’, with the corresponding subversion of the notions of artistic intention, authorship, and genius, while disrupting the present commodification process behind the artistic ecosystem, in a fashion beyond the best intentions of Walter Benjamin’s ‘Art in the age of mechanical reproduction’. This move is ultimately disruptive from a metaphysical point of view as well to the extent that the human centrality is dispossessed by the recognition of forms of creativity different from our own creativity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 4","pages":"2171 - 2179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The rise of the producer: generative AI will transform content creation into content production 生产者的崛起：生成式人工智能将把内容创作转变为内容生产

IF 4.7

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02115-7

Joel W. Hughes

引用次数: 0

Could a robot feel pain? 机器人能感觉到疼痛吗？

IF 4.7

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02110-y

Amanda Sharkey

{"title":"Could a robot feel pain?","authors":"Amanda Sharkey","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-02110-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-024-02110-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Questions about robots feeling pain are important because the experience of pain implies sentience and the ability to suffer. Pain is not the same as nociception, a reflex response to an aversive stimulus. The experience of pain in others has to be inferred. Danaher’s (Sci Eng Ethics 26(4):2023–2049, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00119-x) ‘ethical behaviourist’ account claims that if a robot behaves in the same way as an animal that is recognised to have moral status, then its moral status should also be assumed. Similarly, under a precautionary approach (Sebo in Harvard Rev Philos 25:51–70, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview20185913), entities from foetuses to plants and robots are given the benefit of the doubt and assumed to be sentient. However, there is a growing consensus about the scientific criteria used to indicate pain and the ability to suffer in animals (Birch in Anim Sentience, 2017. https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1200; Sneddon et al. in Anim Behav 97:201–212, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.09.007). These include the presence of a central nervous system, changed behaviour in response to pain, and the effects of analgesic pain relief. Few of these criteria are met by robots, and there are risks to assuming that they are sentient and capable of suffering pain. Since robots lack nervous systems and living bodies there is little reason to believe that future robots capable of feeling pain could (or should) be developed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 5","pages":"3641 - 3651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02110-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automating public policy: a comparative study of conversational artificial intelligence models and human expertise in crafting briefing notes 公共政策自动化：对话式人工智能模型与撰写简报笔记的人类专业知识的比较研究

IF 4.7

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02103-x

Stany Nzobonimpa, Jean-François Savard, Isabelle Caron, Justin Lawarée

{"title":"Automating public policy: a comparative study of conversational artificial intelligence models and human expertise in crafting briefing notes","authors":"Stany Nzobonimpa, Jean-François Savard, Isabelle Caron, Justin Lawarée","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-02103-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-024-02103-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) language models in writing policy briefing notes within the context of public administration by juxtaposing the technologies’ performance against the traditional reliance on human expertise. Briefing notes are pivotal in informing decision-making processes in government contexts, which generally require high accuracy, clarity, and issue-relevance. Given the increasing integration of AI across various sectors, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of AI-generated policy briefing notes. Using a structured evaluation-by-experts methodology, the research scrutinizes and compares the output of three leading AI language models—OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, and Mistral’s Le Chat—across ten critical dimensions reflective of policy briefing notes quality. These dimensions encompass both structural and content-related aspects, ranging from linguistic precision to the depth and applicability of the generated information. The discussion is anchored in the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory and its extensions, which offer a theoretical framework for understanding the factors influencing the adoption and usefulness of technology in public administration. Our comparative analysis reveals that while AI models exhibit notable competencies in meeting some structural and linguistic benchmarks, they fail to address the nuances and depth required by policy experts for undertaking informed decision-making adequately. This discrepancy underscores the enduring value of human expertise in synthesizing complex information and navigating ethical considerations, even as AI enhances efficiency in certain aspects of the policy briefing note crafting process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 5","pages":"3627 - 3639"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

We need better images of AI and better conversations about AI 我们需要更好的人工智能图像和更好的关于人工智能的对话。

IF 4.7

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02101-z

Marc Steen, Tjerk Timan, Jurriaan Van Diggelen, Steven Vethman

{"title":"We need better images of AI and better conversations about AI","authors":"Marc Steen, Tjerk Timan, Jurriaan Van Diggelen, Steven Vethman","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-02101-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00146-024-02101-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article, we critique the ways in which the people involved in the development and application of AI systems often visualize and talk about AI systems. Often, they visualize such systems as shiny humanoid robots or as free-floating electronic brains. Such images convey misleading messages; as if AI works independently of people and can reason in ways superior to people. Instead, we propose to visualize AI systems as parts of larger, sociotechnical systems. Here, we can learn, for example, from cybernetics. Similarly, we propose that the people involved in the design and deployment of an algorithm would need to extend their conversations beyond the four boxes of the <i>Error Matrix</i>, for example, to critically discuss <i>false positives</i> and <i>false negatives</i>. We present two thought experiments, with one practical example in each. We propose to understand, visualize, and talk about AI systems in relation to a larger, complex reality; this is the requirement of <i>requisite variety</i>. We also propose to enable people from diverse disciplines to collaborate around <i>boundary objects</i>, for example: a drawing of an AI system in its sociotechnical context; or an ‘extended’ Error Matrix. Such interventions can promote meaningful human control, transparency, and fairness in the design and deployment of AI systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47165,"journal":{"name":"AI & Society","volume":"40 5","pages":"3615 - 3626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is artificial about artificial intelligence? A provocation on a problematic prefix 人工智能的哪些方面是人工的？对有问题的前缀的挑衅

IF 4.7

AI & Society Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-024-02114-8

Thomas Dekeyser, Mark Whitehead

引用次数: 0