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Social and Genetic Relations in Neolithic Ireland: Re-evaluating Kinship
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774325000058
Neil Carlin, Jessica Smyth, Catherine J. Frieman, Daniela Hofmann, Penny Bickle, Kerri Cleary, Susan Greaney, Rachel Pope
{"title":"Social and Genetic Relations in Neolithic Ireland: Re-evaluating Kinship","authors":"Neil Carlin, Jessica Smyth, Catherine J. Frieman, Daniela Hofmann, Penny Bickle, Kerri Cleary, Susan Greaney, Rachel Pope","doi":"10.1017/s0959774325000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774325000058","url":null,"abstract":"This paper re-evaluates recent kinship studies in Neolithic Ireland through a close analysis of biomolecular and fine-grained archaeological data. It outlines the rich possibilities these datasets offer when interwoven to enhance our understanding of diverse webs of social relationships. We synthesize a range of archaeological and scientific data to form a new model of kinship and its relationship to shifting traditions of megalith building and funerary and cosmological practices. This model is put in dialogue with recently published genetic data and used to test a variety of explanations for the patterns of biological relatedness revealed using these methods. We argue that the detected genetic patterning is best interpreted as reflecting a reconfiguration of social relations after 3600 <jats:sc>bc</jats:sc> linked to the consolidation of emergent social and religious communities.","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143757897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reframing the Uruk Expansion: Glocalization and Local Dynamics in the Late Chalcolithic Adhaim-Sirwan Drainage Basin, Iraqi Kurdistan
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774324000404
Michael P. Lewis
{"title":"Reframing the Uruk Expansion: Glocalization and Local Dynamics in the Late Chalcolithic Adhaim-Sirwan Drainage Basin, Iraqi Kurdistan","authors":"Michael P. Lewis","doi":"10.1017/s0959774324000404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774324000404","url":null,"abstract":"Within this paper, glocalization is presented to explain the heterogeneity of the Uruk Expansion/Phenomenon, a process which saw extensive interactions and cultural integration across Mesopotamia during the fourth millennium <jats:sc>bce</jats:sc>, characterized by the spread of southern Mesopotamian material culture and cultural practices. Through close examination of archaeological data from the Adhaim-Sirwan Drainage Basin, southern Iraqi Kurdistan, a region which is emerging as a focus of intense culture-contact during the Uruk Phenomenon, I contend that a glocalized perspective of this phenomenon better illuminates its regional nuances and complexities, as well as the interactions between local and Uruk communities within the Adhaim-Sirwan. By employing a glocalizing framework, this paper demonstrates that cultural interactions led to varied adaptations of the Uruk Phenomenon and illustrates the dynamic interplay between global influences and local responses. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a nuanced understanding of the Uruk Phenomenon, highlighting its regional variability and the importance of local agency in shaping cultural outcomes, thereby framing it as a distinctly glocalized process rather than an expression of globalization.","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Queer Feminist Perspective on the Early Neolithic Urfa Region: The Ecstatic Agency of the Phallus
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774325000083
Emre Deniz Yurttaş
{"title":"A Queer Feminist Perspective on the Early Neolithic Urfa Region: The Ecstatic Agency of the Phallus","authors":"Emre Deniz Yurttaş","doi":"10.1017/s0959774325000083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774325000083","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeological settlements of the Early Neolithic Urfa region in Türkiye have garnered academic and public interest since the 1990s due to their large-scale stone architecture and rich iconography, particularly featuring phallic imagery. While mainstream narratives suggest a male-centred society in the region, feminist and queer theory approach such interpretations with a critical eye. By challenging traditional ‘male-centred society’ narratives through the lens of queer and feminist theories, this study offers a critique of existing methodologies that fail to historicize archaeological data. By recontextualizing the phallic iconography through the lens of sexuality, this study proposes a new interpretation: the phallus was not a symbol of male power, but an agent facilitating spiritual transcendence, enabling ecstatic experiences and serving as a conduit between the material and spiritual realms.","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transdisciplinary Theoretical Approaches to Migration Studies in Archaeology
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774325000046
Anders Högberg, Kristian Brink, Torbjörn Brorsson, Helena Malmström
{"title":"Transdisciplinary Theoretical Approaches to Migration Studies in Archaeology","authors":"Anders Högberg, Kristian Brink, Torbjörn Brorsson, Helena Malmström","doi":"10.1017/s0959774325000046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774325000046","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is an established topic in archaeology, approached by researchers in multiple ways. We argue, however, that new ways of thinking are needed to understand migration in new ways in relation to new results coming from ancient DNA studies and other archaeometric analysis. We apply a transdisciplinary approach and engage with (critical) migration studies, critical heritage studies and archaeology to unwrap essential theoretical aspects of migration. Based on our results, we propose a conceptual/theoretical framework as our contribution to migration studies in archaeology.","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
More Error than Minority: Gendered Burial Practices Align with Peptide-based Sex Identification in Early Bronze Age Burials in Central Europe
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/s095977432500006x
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Margit Berner, Karin Wiltschke-Schrotta, Ana Mercedes Herrero Corral, Michael Wolf, Fabian Kanz
{"title":"More Error than Minority: Gendered Burial Practices Align with Peptide-based Sex Identification in Early Bronze Age Burials in Central Europe","authors":"Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Margit Berner, Karin Wiltschke-Schrotta, Ana Mercedes Herrero Corral, Michael Wolf, Fabian Kanz","doi":"10.1017/s095977432500006x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s095977432500006x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (<span>c.</span> 2900–1600 <span>bc</span>) of Central Europe are characterized by burial practices that strongly differentiate between men and women through body placement and orientation in the grave, as well as through grave goods. The osteological sex estimation of the individuals from the cemeteries of Franzhausen I and Gemeinlebarn F corresponds to the gender expressed in the funerary practice in 98 per cent of cases. In this study, we investigate the remaining minority by applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to identify sex-specific peptides in the dental enamel of 34 individuals, for which the published osteological sex estimation did not fit the gendered burial practice. The results reveal sex estimation and transcription errors, demonstrating that the chromosomal sex of the individuals usually aligns with the gendered burial treatment. We found burials with internally inconsistent gendered patterns (‘mixed-message burials’), but there is no evidence to suggest that a biologically male individual was deliberately buried as a woman or a biologically female individual was buried as a man.</p>","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequality at the Dawn of the Bronze Age: The Case of Başur Höyük, a ‘Royal’ Cemetery at the Margins of the Mesopotamian World
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774324000398
David Wengrow, Brenna Hassett, Haluk Sağlamtimur, William Marsh, Selina Brace, Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch, Emma L. Baysal, Metin Batıhan, İnan Aydoğan, Öznur Özmen Batıhan, Ian Barnes
{"title":"Inequality at the Dawn of the Bronze Age: The Case of Başur Höyük, a ‘Royal’ Cemetery at the Margins of the Mesopotamian World","authors":"David Wengrow, Brenna Hassett, Haluk Sağlamtimur, William Marsh, Selina Brace, Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch, Emma L. Baysal, Metin Batıhan, İnan Aydoğan, Öznur Özmen Batıhan, Ian Barnes","doi":"10.1017/s0959774324000398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774324000398","url":null,"abstract":"On the upper reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates, archaeologists encounter evidence that challenges conventional understandings of early state formation as a transition from ‘small-scale, egalitarian’ to ‘large-scale, stratified’ societies. One such location is the Early Bronze Age cemetery of Başur Höyük, which presents evidence of grand funerary rituals—including ‘retainer burials’ and spectacular deposits of metallic wealth—in an otherwise small-scale, egalitarian setting. A further, puzzling feature of this cemetery is the preponderance of teenagers in the richest tombs. Here we describe the combined results of archaeological and anthropological analysis at Başur Höyük, including ancient DNA, and consider the challenges they pose to traditional accounts of early state formation.","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ties That Bind: Computational, Cross-cultural Analyses of Knots Reveal Their Cultural Evolutionary History and Significance
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774325000071
Roope O. Kaaronen, Allison K. Henrich, Mikael A. Manninen, Matthew J. Walsh, Isobel Wisher, Jussi T. Eronen, Felix Riede
{"title":"The Ties That Bind: Computational, Cross-cultural Analyses of Knots Reveal Their Cultural Evolutionary History and Significance","authors":"Roope O. Kaaronen, Allison K. Henrich, Mikael A. Manninen, Matthew J. Walsh, Isobel Wisher, Jussi T. Eronen, Felix Riede","doi":"10.1017/s0959774325000071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774325000071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Integral to the fabric of human technology, knots have shaped survival strategies since their first invention. As the ties that bind, their evolution and diversity have afforded human cultural change and expression. This study examines knotting traditions over time and space. We analyse a sample of 338 knots from 86 ethnographically or archaeologically documented societies over 12 millennia. Utilizing a novel approach that combines knot theory with computational string matching, we show that knotted structures can be precisely represented and compared across cultures. This methodology reveals a staple set of knots that occur cross-culturally, and our analysis offers insights into their cultural transmission and the reasons behind their ubiquity. We discuss knots in the context of cultural evolution, illustrating how the ethnographic and archaeological records suggest considerable know-how in knot-tying across societies spanning from the deep past to contemporary times. The study also highlights the potential of this methodology to extend beyond knots, proposing its applicability to a broader range of string and fibre technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Death and Depths: Exploring Early Fifth Millennium bce Ritual Performance in Har Sifsof Cave, Upper Galilee (Israel)
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774325000022
Micka Ullman, Hila May, Shemesh Ya'aran, Boaz Langford, Israel Hershkovitz, Liron Chavoinik, Nimrod Marom, Dariya Lokshin Gnezdilov, Amos Frumkin, Uri Davidovich
{"title":"Death and Depths: Exploring Early Fifth Millennium bce Ritual Performance in Har Sifsof Cave, Upper Galilee (Israel)","authors":"Micka Ullman, Hila May, Shemesh Ya'aran, Boaz Langford, Israel Hershkovitz, Liron Chavoinik, Nimrod Marom, Dariya Lokshin Gnezdilov, Amos Frumkin, Uri Davidovich","doi":"10.1017/s0959774325000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774325000022","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring and using remote segments of complex karst systems represents the incorporation of one of the wildest and most demanding natural environments into the cultural fabric of Neolithic-Chalcolithic village-based communities in the Levant. The unique preservation of an early fifth-millennium <jats:sc>bce</jats:sc> activity phase in Har Sifsof Cave in northern Israel allows for a detailed investigation of an early case of human interaction with the deep underground in this region. The study of archaeological assemblages, environmental and speleological data and spatial distribution of cultural remains form the basis for interpreting the activity inside the cave in the context of fertility cults. The rituals conducted in Har Sifsof Cave revolve around the agricultural cycle of cereal grains and include the interment of multiple individuals, some of whom were buried in remote cul-de-sac passages. The emergence of complex caves as favourable off-settlement arenas dedicated to ritual activity during the later stages of Neolithization marks a conscious effort of ‘domestication’ of these unique wildscapes, while sowing the seeds for the enduring connection observed in later Levantine societies between mortuary rituals, fertility and the underground.","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Codes in the Making. A New Appraisal of Neolithic Imagery in Southwest Asia
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774324000337
Mattia Cartolano, Silvia Ferrara
{"title":"Codes in the Making. A New Appraisal of Neolithic Imagery in Southwest Asia","authors":"Mattia Cartolano, Silvia Ferrara","doi":"10.1017/s0959774324000337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774324000337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marks and figurative representations have been recognized as crucial socio-cognitive components that contributed to the transition from foraging to farming of the Neolithic in southwest Asia, during a period in which communities adopted novel social interactions and economic strategies. This article investigates image production and the trajectories tied to the creation of visual codes. We show that since the early Neolithic phases (<span>c.</span> 9700–6600 cal. <span>bc</span>) societies in southwest Asia engaged with specific symbols and created narrative and operational semasiographies, intended to serve as key communicative devices that functioned as community ties and contributed to social interaction across distant groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unveiling Materiality: Investigating Cuneiform Tablet Production Tradition in Egypt through Amarna Tablets
IF 1.2 2区 历史学
CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1017/s0959774325000101
Jana Mynářová
{"title":"Unveiling Materiality: Investigating Cuneiform Tablet Production Tradition in Egypt through Amarna Tablets","authors":"Jana Mynářová","doi":"10.1017/s0959774325000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774325000101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines a frequently overlooked aspect of cuneiform writing in Egypt: the materiality and technology involved in the production of cuneiform tablets, with a particular focus on the process of tablet firing. It is argued that firing was an integral part of tablet production that required learning and practice by the Amarna scribes. The successful firing of tablets to temperatures around 800°C is attributed to the robust and longstanding tradition of tablet manufacture in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, northern Syria and Hazor. In contrast, the lower firing temperatures observed in tablets from Egypt, Alašiya and much of the Levant are associated with the production and firing of cuneiform tablets as a recent technological innovation that required thorough mastery.</p>","PeriodicalId":47164,"journal":{"name":"CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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