Cross-Cultural Research最新文献_第7页

Implications of Culturally Implicit Perspective of Emotional Intelligence 情商的文化内隐视角及其启示

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1069397120938690

Saurav Pathak, Etayankara Muralidharan

引用次数: 8

Sex Difference on the Importance of Veiling: A Cross-Cultural Investigation 面纱重要性的性别差异:一项跨文化调查

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/1069397120931031

F. Pazhoohi, A. Kingstone

{"title":"Sex Difference on the Importance of Veiling: A Cross-Cultural Investigation","authors":"F. Pazhoohi, A. Kingstone","doi":"10.1177/1069397120931031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397120931031","url":null,"abstract":"Veiling is an ancient cultural practice endorsed by religion, social institutions, and laws. Recently, there have been adaptive arguments to explain its function and existence. Specifically, it is argued that veiling women is a form of male mate guarding strategy, which aims to increase sexual fidelity by decreasing overt displays of his mate’s physical attractiveness, thereby helping to secure his reproductive success. Furthermore, it is suggested that such mate retention strategies (veiling) should be more important when child survival is more precarious, as cues to sexual fidelity support higher paternal investment. Using publicly available data from the PEW Research Center encompassing 26,282 individuals from 25 countries, we tested the hypotheses that men should be more supportive of women’s veiling and this support should be more important in harsher environments, particularly those with poor health and high mortality rates, where paternal care is presumably more important. Our results show that men were more supportive of veiling than women, and this support increased as the environments became harsher. Overall, these findings support the male mate retention argument as well as the idea that the practice of veiling is sensitive to environmental differences.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"486 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397120931031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48150604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Gender Role Attitudes in the International Social Survey Programme: Cross-National Comparability and Relationships to Cultural Values 国际社会调查方案中的性别角色态度:跨国可比性和与文化价值的关系

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/1069397120915454

Vera Lomazzi, Daniel Seddig

{"title":"Gender Role Attitudes in the International Social Survey Programme: Cross-National Comparability and Relationships to Cultural Values","authors":"Vera Lomazzi, Daniel Seddig","doi":"10.1177/1069397120915454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397120915454","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in societal views on the roles of men and women have been addressed in many large-scale comparative studies by employing indicators of gender roles attitudes from cross-sectional surveys. Assuming that cross-country differences in gender role attitudes are linked to the prevailing cultural value orientations in each society, this study aims at investigating the association between societal views on gender roles, as measured by the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and the prevailing cultural values, as defined by Schwartz’s theory. However, to carry out meaningful comparisons, we first assessed the prerequisite of measurement equivalence between countries. The comparability of gender role attitudes is limited when using traditional methods based on the concept of exact equivalence (multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis). However, the recently established alignment optimization procedure reveals approximate measurement equivalence and suggests that the mean comparison is trustworthy. Based on these results, we correlate the national mean levels of gender role attitudes with the cultural values of embeddedness, hierarchy and egalitarianism, showing that traditional gender roles are displayed in societies emphasizing hierarchy and embeddedness while progressive views are more expressed in egalitarian societies.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"398 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397120915454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46968319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Factors Predicting the Scientific Wealth of Nations 科学国富的预测因素

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/1069397120910982

J. Allik, K. Lauk, A. Realo

{"title":"Factors Predicting the Scientific Wealth of Nations","authors":"J. Allik, K. Lauk, A. Realo","doi":"10.1177/1069397120910982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397120910982","url":null,"abstract":"It has been repeatedly demonstrated that economic affluence is one of the main predictors of the scientific wealth of nations. Yet, the link is not as straightforward as is often presented. First, only a limited set of relatively affluent countries is usually studied. Second, there are differences between equally rich countries in their scientific success. The main aim of the present study is to find out which factors can enhance or suppress the effect of the economic wealth of countries on their scientific success, as measured by the High Quality Science Index (HQSI). The HQSI is a composite indicator of scientific wealth, which in equal parts considers the mean citation rate per paper and the percentage of papers that have reached the top 1% of citations in the Essential Science Indicators (ESI; Clarivate Analytics) database during the 11-year period from 2008 to 2018. Our results show that a high position in the ranking of countries on the HQSI can be achieved not only by increasing the number of high-quality papers but also by reducing the number of papers that are able to pass ESI thresholds but are of lower quality. The HQSI was positively and significantly correlated with the countries’ economic indicators (as measured by gross national income and Research and Development expenditure as a percentage from GDP), but these correlations became insignificant when other societal factors were controlled for. Overall, our findings indicate that it is small and well-governed countries with a long-standing democratic past that seem to be more efficient in translating economic wealth into high-quality science.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"364 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397120910982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46059990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Culture Moderates the Normative and Distinctive Impact of Parents and Similarity on Young Adults’ Partner Preferences 文化调节父母和相似性对年轻人伴侣偏好的规范性和独特性影响

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/1069397120909380

K. Locke, D. Barni, Hiroaki Morio, Geoff Macdonald, K. Mastor, José de Jesús Vargas-Flores, Joselina Ibáñez-Reyes, J. A. Reyes, S. Kamble, F. Ortiz

{"title":"Culture Moderates the Normative and Distinctive Impact of Parents and Similarity on Young Adults’ Partner Preferences","authors":"K. Locke, D. Barni, Hiroaki Morio, Geoff Macdonald, K. Mastor, José de Jesús Vargas-Flores, Joselina Ibáñez-Reyes, J. A. Reyes, S. Kamble, F. Ortiz","doi":"10.1177/1069397120909380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397120909380","url":null,"abstract":"To examine cultural, parental, and personal sources of young adults’ long-term romantic partner preferences, we had undergraduates (n = 2,071) and their parents (n = 1,851) in eight countries (Canada, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Malaysia, Philippines, the United States) rate or rank qualities they would want in the student’s partner. We introduce and use a method for separating preference patterns into normative patterns (shared across families and generations) and distinctive patterns (that characterized particular families or individuals). We found that youth everywhere wanted partners who aligned with both their own dispositions and their parents’ preferences, and these alignments reflected both culturally normative preferences and preferences distinctive to specific individuals or families. Students also predicted their parents’ responses: Their predictions were reasonably accurate reflections of what a typical parent prefers, but also reflected distinctive assumed agreement (i.e., they overestimated the degree to which their particular parents shared their particular preferences for qualities that diverged from culturally normative ideals). Culturally normative patterns exerted a stronger influence on actual or assumed parent–child agreement and accuracy in relatively collectivistic Southeast Asia (Philippines and Malaysia) than in relatively individualistic English-speaking North America (the United States and Canada). Conversely, preferences for partners who shared one’s distinctive personal dispositions were stronger in Western than Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"435 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397120909380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43489120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Linguistic Equivalence, Construct Validity, But Lack Measurement Invariance: An Illustration of Challenges in Cross-Cultural Research on Adolescent Adjustment 语言对等、结构有效但缺乏测量不变性——跨文化青少年适应研究面临的挑战

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/1069397120914875

T. Tan, Zhiyao Yi, Eunsook Kim, Zhengjie Li, Ke Cheng

{"title":"Linguistic Equivalence, Construct Validity, But Lack Measurement Invariance: An Illustration of Challenges in Cross-Cultural Research on Adolescent Adjustment","authors":"T. Tan, Zhiyao Yi, Eunsook Kim, Zhengjie Li, Ke Cheng","doi":"10.1177/1069397120914875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397120914875","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we illustrated issues related to measure invariance in cross-cultural research involving instrument translation between Chinese and English. We translated and back-translated the third edition of the Behavioral Assessment for Children-Self Report of Personality (BASC-3-SRP) and administered it to 1,574 youth in China and 512 youth in the United States. We found that despite a rigorous approach to achieving linguistic equivalence, statistically demonstrating acceptable internal consistency and construct validity, measurement invariance tests revealed that six of the 16 BASC-3-SRP subscales lacked measurement invariance. Constructs for the first three of the six subscales that lacked measurement invariance (i.e., Negative Attitude toward School, Negative Attitude toward Teachers, and Self-Esteem) are known to be conceptualized differently in collectivistic societies, while constructs for the second three subscales (i.e., Atypicality, Sense of Inadequacy, and Hyperactivity) lacked measurement invariance without known cultural reasons. These results highlight instrument development issues and measurement variance issues that cross-cultural researchers must grapple with.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"323 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397120914875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47148190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Tracking Cross-Cultural Gender Bias in Reputations 追踪声誉中的跨文化性别偏见

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/1069397120910429

E. Post, S. Macfarlan

{"title":"Tracking Cross-Cultural Gender Bias in Reputations","authors":"E. Post, S. Macfarlan","doi":"10.1177/1069397120910429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397120910429","url":null,"abstract":"While ethnologists have long noted that females lack access to social capital across cultures, the magnitude of this effect is rarely examined. Here, we investigate the nature of gender bias in one dimension of social capital, reputation. We extract data on reputations from the electronic Human Relations Area Files (eHRAF) database, specifically the societies in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, and analyze whether there are fewer instances of feminine reputation relative to masculine reputation. In addition, we assess whether aspects of social structure or institutional biases in the production of ethnography affect the rate at which feminine reputations occur. We find that (a) most reputations are gendered male; (b) patrilocality and matriliny increase the rate at which feminine reputations occur, while patriliny decreases their occurrence; and (c) as female authorship increases over time, inclusion of feminine subject matter increases, which resulted in a greater incidence of feminine reputations. Ultimately, our analyses highlight the need for increased focus on feminine subject matters and gendered social capital in the discipline of anthropology.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"346 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397120910429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45419621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Relative Deprivation as a Factor of Sociopolitical Destabilization: Toward a Quantitative Comparative Analysis of the Arab Spring Events 相对剥夺是社会政治失稳的一个因素——对阿拉伯之春事件的定量比较分析

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1069397119882364

Andrey Korotayev, A. Shishkina

{"title":"Relative Deprivation as a Factor of Sociopolitical Destabilization: Toward a Quantitative Comparative Analysis of the Arab Spring Events","authors":"Andrey Korotayev, A. Shishkina","doi":"10.1177/1069397119882364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397119882364","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes relative deprivation as a possible factor of sociopolitical instability during the Arab Spring events using the methods of correlation and multiple regression analysis. In this case, relative deprivation is operationalized in two ways: (a) through the indicator of subjective feeling of happiness on the eve of the events of the Arab Spring, and (b) through the scale of decrease of the subjective feeling of happiness on the eve of the events of Arab Spring. It is shown that the change in the level of subjective feeling of happiness between 2009 and 2010 is a powerful, statistically significant predictor of the level of destabilization in Arab countries in 2011. The next most powerful predictor is the mean value of the subjective feeling of happiness in the corresponding country for 2010. At the same time, the fundamental economic indicators we tested, while controlling for them, have turned out to be extremely weak and at the same time statistically insignificant predictors of the level of sociopolitical instability in the Arab countries in 2011.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"296 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397119882364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45286647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Societal Ethics and Social Entrepreneurship: A Cross-Cultural Comparison 社会伦理与社会创业：跨文化比较

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1069397119865523

Saurav Pathak, Etayankara Muralidharan

{"title":"Societal Ethics and Social Entrepreneurship: A Cross-Cultural Comparison","authors":"Saurav Pathak, Etayankara Muralidharan","doi":"10.1177/1069397119865523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397119865523","url":null,"abstract":"Using multilevel modeling and data from 26 countries that include 93,439 individual-level responses on social entrepreneurship for the year 2015, we seek to understand how societal-level ethical orientations impact the likelihood of individuals engaging in social entrepreneurship. We develop a multidimensional representation of societal ethics, in that we draw close parallels between the three institutional pillars—normative, cognitive, and regulatory—with three forms of ethics and use this understanding to predict their effects on the demand for and supply of social entrepreneurs. We find that low behavioral ethics (normative ethics) at the societal level provides opportunities for individuals to become social entrepreneurs. Furthermore, while unselfishness (cognitive ethics) motivates individuals to become social entrepreneurs, high public-sector ethics (regulatory ethics) provides the institutional support for such entrepreneurs to thrive. We contribute to cross-cultural comparative entrepreneurship by providing ethical antecedents of social entrepreneurship through a deeper understanding of the influence of ethics as national-level institutions.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"180 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397119865523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43733264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Cost and Family Obligation in Everyday Sacrifice to Parents Among European American and Chinese Emerging Adults 欧美和中国新兴成人对父母日常牺牲的成本与家庭义务

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1069397119863422

Zhenlan Wang, Joan G. Miller

引用次数: 4