{"title":"Continuing Education Needs of Music Therapists: Views of Practitioners From Developing Countries.","authors":"Samta P Pandya","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuing education is important to enhance the efficacy and effectiveness of music therapy practice. Literature on continuing education needs of music therapists in developing country contexts in particular, is needed. This article reports a cross-sectional survey of music therapists' perspectives from select developing countries to explore their continuing education needs. Music therapists (N = 331) were recruited from six developing countries. One online questionnaire was used with open-ended questions on what they seek in terms of on-the-job professional development and continuing education. Respondents suggested the need for continuing education programs on cultural reflexivity, improvisations, and new methods and techniques. In particular, they needed refresher training on ways of taking into account cultural and contextual factors in practice and ways to engage with indigenous or native and ethnic music. Therapists' gender and core practice expertise or main clientele with whom they practiced contributed to variations in continuing education needs. This survey adds to the growing domain of research on regional differences in music and music-making, and how that would impact music therapists' continuing education requirements. Evolving new theoretical approaches through culturally-reflexive music therapy practice, improvisations through the use of indigenous or native art forms, and building organic music therapy models using indigenous music, may be the focus of investing in continuing education of developing country practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wendy L Magee, Varshika M Bhana-Pema, Catherine E Carr, Mark Ettenberger, Daisy Fancourt, Sandra Garrido, Melanie Kwan, Marcela Lichtensztejn, Valeska Marinho, Teppo Särkämö, Sumathy Sundar, Ga Eul Yoo, Jingwen Zhang
{"title":"An International Interdisciplinary Commentary on the Revised Guidelines for Music-based Interventions Checklist, Elaboration Guide and Validation Study.","authors":"Wendy L Magee, Varshika M Bhana-Pema, Catherine E Carr, Mark Ettenberger, Daisy Fancourt, Sandra Garrido, Melanie Kwan, Marcela Lichtensztejn, Valeska Marinho, Teppo Särkämö, Sumathy Sundar, Ga Eul Yoo, Jingwen Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thaf019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimberly Sena Moore, A Blythe LaGasse, Elizabeth Stegemöller
{"title":"Navigating Change and Moving Knowledge Forward.","authors":"Kimberly Sena Moore, A Blythe LaGasse, Elizabeth Stegemöller","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kate Myers-Coffman, Guy Weissinger, Gabrielle Banzon, Em Meisel, Laura Parra Acosta
{"title":"Music Therapists' Training and Education on Suicide Prevention in the United States.","authors":"Kate Myers-Coffman, Guy Weissinger, Gabrielle Banzon, Em Meisel, Laura Parra Acosta","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of death for individuals across the lifespan. This study explored (a) what settings music therapists are working in to support individuals navigating suicidality; (b) their training and education on suicide prevention; and (c) how prepared, knowledgeable, and comfortable they feel implementing suicide-related care. Using a convergent mixed methods design, 458 credentialed music therapists working in the United States completed a survey, 19 of whom worked with people navigating suicidality and completed a qualitative interview. Survey results found 81.7% of the sample reported providing suicide-related care to therapy participants in almost all clinical settings. Most did not receive suicide prevention education in their degree program at the bachelor's (74.4%) or master's (59.6%) levels. Qualitative themes, identified via thematic analysis, on the topic of education and training highlighted minimal, missing, or inadequate training; training that occurred through workplaces, independent research, or professional development; and learning by witnessing, dialoguing, and personal experiences. Themes on areas of strength and confidence from training included conducting informal risk assessments and holding the weight of suicidal thoughts and related emotions in a nonjudgmental way. More training was desired for verbal skills (e.g., acute crisis, de-escalation, verbal processing), setting- and community-specific trainings, music therapy methods, and holistic, systemic, and contextual supports of suicide. Results highlight how critical it is for undergraduate and graduate music therapy degree programs to integrate suicide prevention education and training into their curricula to better and more ethically prepare students for clinical realities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Music Therapy Survey 2025: Developments and Trends a Decade Later.","authors":"Petra Kern, Daniel B Tague","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2025 Global Music Therapy Survey offers a long-term examination on the profession's evolution, a decade after the inaugural 2016/2017 study. Designed to track developments in demographic characteristics, professional practice and processes as well as emerging trends, the survey gathered responses from 1,183 current practitioners (67.6% response rate) across 8 World Federation of Music Therapy regions. Quantitative and qualitative analyses provide insight into both consolidation and transformation within the field. The profession remains predominantly female, though gender plurality is rising, and educational attainment remains high. Since 2016, entrepreneurial role creation has more than doubled, reflecting professional adaptation to persistent gaps in regulation and systemic support. Practice patterns reveal a shift toward healthcare and private practice alongside sustained work in education and community programs. Music therapists serve clients across the lifespan, with developmental disabilities, mental health, and neurological conditions most frequently addressed. In-person delivery continues to dominate, yet telepractice and digital tools-largely absent a decade ago-have emerged as supplemental models, offering expanded access but also professional ambivalence regarding their integration. Respondents emphasized music therapy's contributions to resilience, social connection, prevention, and global health, yet identified enduring barriers of insufficient policy recognition, inequitable compensation, and fragile infrastructures that constrain sustainability. Overall, the survey portrays a profession that is increasingly confident, globally relevant, yet structurally vulnerable. Advancing its potential as a vital contributor to international health agendas, the field must now progress through coordinated policy advocacy, accessible education, equitable labor protections, ethical use of technology, and sustained research to strengthen legitimacy, and global impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John D Hogue, Kimberly N Walter, Rebecca Vaudreuil, Lori F Gooding
{"title":"The Song and Dance … and Art of Informatics: Creating a Productivity Measurement Tool for Creative Arts Therapists.","authors":"John D Hogue, Kimberly N Walter, Rebecca Vaudreuil, Lori F Gooding","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many therapeutic disciplines have increased research into using healthcare informatics for monitoring workload productivity, but informatics research in the creative arts therapies is still emerging. This paper discusses the development of a healthcare informatics tool to capture workload data within a multisite network of creative arts therapists within the military and veteran healthcare systems: art therapists, dance/movement therapists, and music therapists. In this paper, we describe the development of a workload performance measurement tool (PMT) through agile project management and a participatory evaluation approach. Developing this tool revealed that providers from the three creative arts therapies engaged in similar types of work. User testimonials also revealed the PMT provided benefits to the network beyond tracking time in multiple categories, and analyses on these themes revealed clinical creative arts therapists, administrative creative arts therapists and personnel, and noncreative arts therapists thought about the data differently. Challenges with developing the tool, solutions for the challenges, and the benefits that the tool provides are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiří Kantor, Anna Neuwirthová, Zuzana Svobodová, Jana Marečková, Lua P Lewis, Tereza Vrbová
{"title":"Analysis of Unconventional Musical Notations and Conditions Affecting Cognition: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jiří Kantor, Anna Neuwirthová, Zuzana Svobodová, Jana Marečková, Lua P Lewis, Tereza Vrbová","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with neurodevelopmental and acquired conditions affecting cognition (NACAC) who learn to play a musical instrument or learn to sing may benefit from unconventional musical notations (UMN). Unconventional musical notations are mostly used in the education and music therapy of people with dyslexia and developmental disabilities. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify existing UMN for people with NACAC, (2) to analyze how the UMN represent different features of musical material, and (3) to summarize the available research evidence. This scoping review was conducted following the JBI (formerly Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology. Out of the 1,527 documents, 50 complied with the eligibility criteria. Unconventional musical notations found in these relevant documents were classified into visually adapted conventional notation, UMN based on different types of coding, standardized UMN, and multisensory/computer-based notations. The results of this review were used to create a comprehensive framework for understanding the applications of diverse types of UMN across music education and music therapy. This framework may help practitioners to identify an appropriate notation for people with NACAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147291413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Singing-Based Interventions for Treating Hypokinetic Dysarthria in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Cristian Jovan Rojas Romero, Yeison Guerrero","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) progressively affects motor functions, often resulting in hypokinetic dysarthria, characterized by reduced speech articulation and vocal intensity. Over the last few decades, singing-based interventions have demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits for treating neurological speech disorders. To review the effectiveness of singing-based interventions in treating hypokinetic dysarthria, articles were identified based on a search across MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. After being independently screened by the authors, the information was reviewed and extracted from articles written in English and Spanish investigating the potential benefits of music interventions in people living with PD. A total of 23 studies, out of 742 screened, involving 381 participants, were included. The majority of the studies were deemed of low quality due to the risk of bias from small sample sizes, lack of randomization, absence of control groups, and heterogeneous samples resulting from the progression of the disease. Overall, the review revealed that singing-based interventions improve phonation, prosody, and respiratory control, particularly those that incorporate group singing and vocal exercises based on speech-language pathology principles and techniques, such as the Lee Silverman voice treatment (LSVT). Findings suggest that singing-based interventions, when combined with and guided by LSVT principles, may maximize therapeutic benefits on speech quality in people living with PD. Additionally, several studies reported positive effects on emotional well-being and quality of life, reinforcing their potential psychosocial benefits. However, more studies with greater methodological rigor and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these effects and establish more standardized intervention protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Camilla P Estelle, Allison N Marino, Rina Tabuchi, Erin Kang, Joshua Sandry
{"title":"The Impact of Music Therapy and Music-Based Interventions on the Psychiatric and Psychological Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Maria Camilla P Estelle, Allison N Marino, Rina Tabuchi, Erin Kang, Joshua Sandry","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an external force to the head, which disrupts brain functioning and is associated with psychiatric and neurobehavioral issues, engendering a need for rehabilitative care. Recent literature has discussed the effectiveness of applying music therapy (MT) and music-based interventions (MBIs) for a range of psychopathologies, noting the capacity for music to induce feelings of pleasure and its relationship to brain reward circuitry. However, whether music can be used to effectively mitigate the social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties of TBI is currently unclear. This systematic review investigates the impact of MBIs (including MT) on psychiatric and psychological outcomes of TBI. We conducted a search for studies examining the effect of MBIs on psychological symptoms, mental health disorders, and behavior in individuals with a TBI history. Eight studies were included. Outcomes consisted of stress, mood, anxiety, depression, social interaction, agitation, inertia, and sleep quality. Included articles were evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. The studies included in this review have implications that MBIs may improve agitation, stress, and depression in adult TBI patients. MT studies reported improvements in mood and inertia, and more often used active music engagement. Music-based intervention studies reported increased social interaction and sleep quality. Our risk of bias assessment suggests that design limitations limit strong conclusions about MBI efficacy in TBI. Increasing the methodological rigor in future studies is necessary to reduce the risk of bias and support evidence-based MBI approaches for TBI rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147291434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan Turry, Anna Palumbo, Ming Yuan Low, Jacqueline C Birnbaum, Helene Turry, Mark Spellmann
{"title":"The Music Engagement Scale: An Instrument to Measure Engagement in Music Making.","authors":"Alan Turry, Anna Palumbo, Ming Yuan Low, Jacqueline C Birnbaum, Helene Turry, Mark Spellmann","doi":"10.1093/jmt/thag003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thag003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Music engagement is a central process of music therapy, but there remains a need for a feasible instrument to measure it. The Music Engagement Scale (MES) addresses this need with a single-item process measure of music engagement. This study evaluated the sensitivity to change and inter-rater reliability of the MES using a convenience sample of 20 clients (ages 1-69 years) receiving individual sessions in Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy (NRMT). The majority of clients were autistic children. Three independent raters with graduate training in music therapy, but no advanced NRMT training, rated the 1st, 8th, and 15th sessions. Results showed sensitivity to change in MES scores across sessions. Inter-rater reliability was acceptable-to-strong at the 1st and 15th sessions, while reliability was lower at the study midpoint. These findings suggest that the MES may be used to measure changes in music engagement over the course of music therapy, and that inter-rater reliability may vary over the course of treatment, potentially increasing when music engagement levels are more stable. The MES may be applied in future research to test whether music engagement functions as a moderator or mediator of music therapy outcomes. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided. The complete scale is included at the end of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":47143,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Music Therapy","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}