{"title":"Update on musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging, dedicated to the first honourable member of the Polish Medical Radiological Society Madame Maria Sklodowska-Curie.","authors":"Mihra S Taljanovic","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.98684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.98684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e394-e395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/42/PJR-85-41708.PMC7509683.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38441048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Babalola I Afolabi, Bukunmi M Idowu, Stephen O Onigbinde
{"title":"Multimodality imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial essay.","authors":"Babalola I Afolabi, Bukunmi M Idowu, Stephen O Onigbinde","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97957","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97957","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or new coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) is now a global pandemic with attendant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic disruption. Its features have been described on plain chest radiography, chest computed tomography (CT), chest ultrasonography, brain CT, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Based on current evidence, imaging plays an ancillary role in the management of those with severe illness. This essay illustrates the imaging manifestations of COVID-19 pictorially.","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e387-e393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ea/19/PJR-85-41530.PMC7425226.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38281702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Steinhof-Radwańska, Anna Grażyńska, Anna Barczyk-Gutkowska, Maciej Kajor, Piotr Powązka, Andrzej Lorek, Ewa Szlachta-Świątkowska, Irmina Morawska, Karolina Okas, Zuzanna Lelek, Magdalena Bielińska, Iwona Gisterek, Beata Casańas, Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk
{"title":"The new method, the old problem - role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer among Polish women.","authors":"Katarzyna Steinhof-Radwańska, Anna Grażyńska, Anna Barczyk-Gutkowska, Maciej Kajor, Piotr Powązka, Andrzej Lorek, Ewa Szlachta-Świątkowska, Irmina Morawska, Karolina Okas, Zuzanna Lelek, Magdalena Bielińska, Iwona Gisterek, Beata Casańas, Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.97941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate spectral mammography (CESM) in diagnosing breast cancer, which is based on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included a group of 547 women who underwent spectral mammography and histopathological verification of the lesion, previously seen in mammography and/or ultrasound. In the group of 547 women, 593 focal lesions were diagnosed. All CESM examinations were carried-out with a digital mammography device dedicated to performing dual-energy CESM acquisitions. An intravenous injection of 1.5 ml/kg of body mass of non-ionic contrast agent was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis includes 593 breast lesions, in this group cancer was detected in 327 (55.14%) lesions, and in 256 (43.17%) cases benign lesions were confirmed by histopathological examination and at least 12 months of observation. The method shows differentiation of benign and malignant lesions in the breast: sensitivity of 97.86%, specificity of 59.4%, PPV - 74.76%, NPV - 95.76%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spectral mammography could be an ideal method to detect breast cancer. Thanks to the high NPV (95.76%), it facilitates the exclusion of cancer in situations where pathological contrast enhancement is not observed. The unsatisfactory specificity of the study (59.4%) would not make it safe to avoid a core needle biopsy of lesions that undergo contrast enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e381-e386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/a2/PJR-85-41524.PMC7425219.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38281701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of plantar fascia using high-resolution ultrasonography in clinically diagnosed cases of plantar fasciitis.","authors":"Purnima Aggarwal, Vivek Jirankali, Sudhir K Garg","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.97955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of high-resolution ultrasonography in the assessment of plantar fascia in individuals with heel pain, before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was conducted from 2016 to 2019, during which time 44 clinically diagnosed patients of plantar fasciitis were compared to 50 normal volunteers. There were 25 males and 25 females in the control group and 42 females and two males in the study group. Thirty-eight patients had unilateral disease, and six patients had bilateral disease. The thickness of the plantar fascia was measured just anterior to its calcaneal attachment using ultrasonography. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The plantar fascia was 2-4 mm thick in the control group whereas it was > 4 mm thick in 48 heels in the study group. With cut-off of > 4 mm as diagnostic of plantar fasciitis, this study had a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 98%. BMI was increased in 60% of female patients. All patients were treated with local infiltration of corticosteroid. In 37/42 patients (43 heels) who had improved clinically, the thickness of plantar fascia was reduced to < 4 mm when assessed after six weeks of corticosteroid injection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diagnosis of plantar fasciitis can be easily verified by ultrasonography with plantar fascia thickness > 4 mm being suggestive of plantar fasciitis. Ultrasound can also be used to evaluate treatment response. Ultrasono-graphy helps the clinician in confirming the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and also in assessing the response to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e375-e380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/9e/PJR-85-41528.PMC7425221.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38281700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breast artery calcification as a predictor of coronary artery calcification: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Batool Seifi, Reza Javadrashid, Fatemeh Seifi, Jhila Khamanian, Armin Zarrintan, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97932","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coronary artery disease is the main cause of burden of disease in the world. Coronary calcification is seen as an aetiopathological event in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that breast artery calcification, which is routinely found in mammography of elderly women, could be predictive of coronary artery calcification.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 60 women over 40 years of age were included. All of these patients had undergone mammography after having an indication to undergo a computed tomography-angiography. Breast arterial calcification and calcium scores were determined for each patient, and the paired-<i>t</i> test was used to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 49.52 ± 8.83 years. Of these 60 women, 50% were postmenopausal and 50% were not. In 37 (61.7%) cases, mild to severe coronary calcification was observed, and 50 (83.3%) had mild to severe breast arterial calcification. There was a significant correlation between coronary calcification and breast artery calcification (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and there was also a significant relationship between coronary calcification and postmenopausal calcification (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Breast artery calcification can be a suitable predictor for coronary artery calcification and is a valid method for predicting cardiovascular disease probability in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e369-e374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/50/PJR-85-41522.PMC7425222.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38281699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piotr G Wasilewski, Bartosz Mruk, Samuel Mazur, Gabriela Półtorak-Szymczak, Katarzyna Sklinda, Jerzy Walecki
{"title":"COVID-19 severity scoring systems in radiological imaging - a review.","authors":"Piotr G Wasilewski, Bartosz Mruk, Samuel Mazur, Gabriela Półtorak-Szymczak, Katarzyna Sklinda, Jerzy Walecki","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.98009","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr.2020.98009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current reference standard to make a definitive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-PCR). However, radiological imaging plays a crucial role in evaluating the course of COVID-19 and in choosing proper management of infected patients. Chest X-ray (CXR) is generally considered not to be sensitive for the detection of pulmonary abnormalities in the early stage of the disease. However, in the emergency setting CXR can be a useful diagnostic tool for monitoring the rapid progression of lung involvement in COVID-19, especially in patients admitted to intensive care units. The rapid course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity and progression of lung aberrations require a method of radiological evaluation to implement and manage the appropriate treatment for infected patients. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is considered to be the most effective method for the detection of lung abnormalities, especially in the early stage of the disease. Moreover, serial chest CT imaging with different time intervals is also effective in estimating the evolution of the disease from initial diagnosis to discharge from hospital. Despite having low specificity in distinguishing abnormalities in viral infections, the high sensitivity of CT makes this method ideal for assessing the severity of the disease in patients with confirmed COVID-19. In this review, we present and discuss currently available scales that can be used to assess the severity of lung involvement in COVID-19 patients in everyday work, both for CXR and CT imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e361-e368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/b0/PJR-85-41547.PMC7425223.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38281698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How can additional ultrasonography screening improve the detection of occult breast cancer in women with dense breasts?","authors":"Parisa Pishdad, Ameneh Moosavi, Reza Jalli, Fariba Zarei, Mahdi Saeedi-Moghadam, Banafsheh Zeinali-Rafsanjani","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.97944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although mammography is a gold standard for breast cancer screening, the number of cancers that cannot be detected with mammography is substantial, especially in dense-breast (DB) women. Breast sonography can be a useful and powerful screening tool in these cases. The aim of this study is to assess the application of whole-breast sonography in the evaluation of breast lesions in women with DB tissue and estimate its accuracy in comparison with mammography.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 207 asymptomatic DB women participated in this study. The breast tissue density was assessed using ACR BI-RADS. Patients underwent high-resolution ultrasonography of the breast in addition to physical examination and mammography. Different risk factors were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>152 of 207 (73.4%) cases who had mammography performed had DB, and 55 (26.6%) cases had very dense breasts (very DBs). None of the cases had a positive history of malignancy, while 19% of them had a positive history of breast cancer in first- or second-degree relatives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All findings were higher in cases with DB compared to very DBs except for fibroadenoma, which was detected more in cases with very DBs. Our study showed that the prevalence of different breast lesions had a significant relationship with the density of the breast. In our study, 48.3% of the cases were diagnosed with a lesion in their sonography result, although 81.0% of them were benign lesions, and the other 19.0% needed follow-up or biopsy evaluation. A substantial number of mammographically occult breast lesions, either benign or malignant, could be detected by ultrasound in DB tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e353-e360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/ae/PJR-85-41525.PMC7425225.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38281697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cone beam computed tomography - extending its arm to explore new possibilities.","authors":"Prajakta P Chaudhari, Chetan Bhadage, Ajay Bhoosreddy, Pragati Bramhe, Prutha Rathod, Shreya Dange","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.97656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether the greyscale value depicted in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) differentiates different benign osseous lesions of jaws and to measure the greyscale value of various osseous lesions of jaws and to find the correlation (if any) of these greyscale values to that of histopathological diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of the Dental Institute after obtaining approval from the Ethical Committee. CBCT scans of osseous lesions of jaws confirmed with histopathological reports depicting cystic or tumour-like lesions were included in the study. Greyscale values depicted in CBCT scans of osseous lesions were measured. The greyscale values were grouped as per the histopathological diagnosis, and these ranges were then tabulated and statistically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean value with standard deviation of greyscale values for cystic lesions was 1208.375 ± 93 and for that of the tumour group was 1603 ± 425.5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The greyscale value is a useful tool in differentiating between different groups of osseous lesions of jaws.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e348-e352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/91/PJR-85-41424.PMC7425220.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38281696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parisa Hajalioghli, Mohammad Hossein Daghighi, Jaber Ghaffari, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Jhila Khamanian, Payam Ghaderi, Iman Yazdaninia, Shadi Daghighi, Armin Zarrintan
{"title":"Accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging in discriminating atypical vertebral haemangiomas from malignant masses in patients with vertebral lesions: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Parisa Hajalioghli, Mohammad Hossein Daghighi, Jaber Ghaffari, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Jhila Khamanian, Payam Ghaderi, Iman Yazdaninia, Shadi Daghighi, Armin Zarrintan","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.97602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vertebral haemangiomas are incidental findings in imaging modalities. Atypical haemangiomas are haeman-giomas rich in vascular tissue, and they are found to be hypointense in T1 sequences and hyperintense in T2 sequences, mimicking the findings of metastatic lesions. In the present study we aim to evaluate the ability of diffusion- weighted imaging to differentiate these two groups of vertebral lesions.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 23 lesions were included, including 10 haemangiomas and 13 malignant lesions. Diffusion-weighted imaging was used to compare atypical haemangiomas and metastatic lesions. The apparent diffusion co-efficient was determined for each lesion, and then the mean of each group was calculated. The means were then compared. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine a cut-off ADC value to differentiate these lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The difference between the mean age of the two groups was not significant. The mean ADC value for atypical haemangiomas was 1884 ± 74 × 10<sup>-6</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s and 1008 ± 81 × 10<sup>-6</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s for the malignant lesions. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 10<sup>-3</sup>). ROC curve analysis determined an ADC value of 958 × 10<sup>-6</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s to be able to differentiate between atypical haemangiomas and malignant lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diffusion-weighted MRI could be used to differentiate between atypical haemangiomas and malignant metastatic lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e340-e347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f2/36/PJR-85-41409.PMC7425224.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38283676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-bronchial causes of haemoptysis: imaging and interventions.","authors":"Manphool Singhal, Anupam Lal, Nidhi Prabhakar, Mukesh K Yadav, Rajesh Vijayvergiya, Digamber Behra, Niranjan Khandelwal","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2020.97014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.97014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe non-bronchial causes of haemoptysis on imaging and the role of interventional radiology in their management from cases of haemoptysis archived from our database at a tertiary care, federally funded institution.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of cases that presented with haemoptysis in our institution from 2008 to 2013 was done, and details of cases in which the bleeding was from a non-bronchial source were archived and details of imaging and treatment were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retrospective analysis of patients presenting with haemoptysis yielded 24 (<i>n</i> = 24) patients having haemoptysis from non-bronchial sources. Causes of haemoptysis were: Rasmussen aneurysms (n = 12/24), costocervical trunk pseudoaneurysm (<i>n</i> = 1/24), left internal mammillary artery pseudoaneurysm (<i>n</i> = 1/24), left ventricular aneurysms (<i>n</i> = 3/24), pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) (<i>n</i> = 5/24), and proximal interruption of pulmonary artery (<i>n</i> = 2/24). Imaging and interventional radiology management are described in detail.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Haemoptysis can be from non-bronchial sources, which may be either from systemic or pulmonary arteries or cardio-pulmonary fistulas. Bronchial computed tomography angiography (CTBA), if feasible, must always be considered before bronchial artery embolisation because it precisely identifies the source of haemorrhage and vascular anatomy that helps the interventional radiologist in pre-procedural planning. This circumvents chances of re-bleed if standard bronchial artery embolisation is done without CTBA.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e328-e339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/e8/PJR-85-41200.PMC7361373.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38176982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}