Advances in Life Course Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of parental job loss on psychotropic drug use in children: Long-term effects, timing, and cumulative exposure","authors":"Björn Högberg ,&nbsp;Anna Baranowska-Rataj","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intra-family crossover effects triggered by job losses have received growing attention across scientific disciplines, but existing research has reached discrepant conclusions concerning if, and if so how, parental job losses affect child mental health. Drawing on sociological models of stress and life course epidemiology, we ask if parental job losses have long-term effects on child mental health, and if these effects are conditional on the timing of, or the cumulative exposure to, job losses. We use intergenerationally linked Swedish register data combined with entropy balance and structural nested mean models for the analyses. The data allow us to track 400,000 children over 14 years and thereby test different life-course models of cross-over effects. We identify involuntary job losses using information on workplace closures, thus reducing the risk of confounding. Results show that paternal but not maternal job loss significantly increases the risk of psychotropic drug use among children, that the average effects are modest in size (less than 4% in relative terms), that they may persist for up to five years, and that they are driven by children aged 6–10 years. Moreover, cumulative exposure to multiple job losses are more harmful than zero or one job loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000182/pdfft?md5=c24ed983e7a55c41d8c8591b836ada77&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carry that weight: Parental separation and children’s Body Mass Index from childhood to young adulthood","authors":"Marco Tosi","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has shown that parental separation is associated with worse physical health and unhealthy weight gains during childhood. However, limited empirical attention has been given to the evolution of child health before, upon and following parental union dissolution. Drawing on data from the Child Development Supplement and the Transition to Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1997–2017), I investigate whether parental union dissolution during childhood is associated with children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) and the risk of developing overweight/obesity in the short and long run (n = 2675 children aged 0–12 in 1997). The results from a combination of propensity score matching and fixed-effects linear regression models show that union dissolution is associated with increases in child BMI and an increased risk of developing overweight/obesity. These changes in children’s weight status persist for at least ten years after parental separation. Unhealthy weight gains following parental separation are more pronounced among female children and those with lower-educated and non-White parents. The findings suggest that in the United States parental union dissolution contributes to increase socioeconomic inequalities in child health. Therefore, children with separated parents and lower socioeconomic backgrounds have greater risks of developing overweight/obesity and other obesity-related morbidities over their life courses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000261/pdfft?md5=b578b004b6828cfce5e9034da8d037e8&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to retirement in West Germany: Does divorce matter?","authors":"Sarah Schmauk","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to explore how divorce is linked to pathways to retirement in West Germany and to understand whether and how patterns are gendered. Using German pension insurance data, I employ sequence and cluster analysis to map and group pathways to retirement of women and men who retired in 2018. Pathways to retirement are defined based on monthly pension insurance histories from age 50 to 65. I find nine distinct pathways to retirement, ranging from unemployment to stable low to high income pathways and to an early retirement pathway through the reduced-earnings-capacity pension, the latter representing 9.3% of the sample. Based on multinomial logistic regression models, I analyse how marital status, distinguishing between divorced and (re)married, was related to different pathways to retirement. The results show that divorced people were more likely than married people to retire through indirect and unstable pathways to retirement characterised by early exit from the labour market and receipt of reduced-earnings-capacity pensions and/or unemployment benefits. Whereas the relationship between divorce and pathways to retirement seemed to be overall unfavourable for men, the results for women are more ambiguous. Divorced women were also more likely to retire through a stable high-income pathway than married women. Nevertheless, the results suggest that divorce is associated with an early retirement pathway through the reduced-earnings-capacity pension for both women and men.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000066/pdfft?md5=a62c90f6435f22b49e4b5534ad5bad84&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development","authors":"Markus Vogelbacher ,&nbsp;Thorsten Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study examines whether parental emotional distress during the first pandemic-related school shutdown in 2020 in Germany affected the development of primary school students’ mathematical skills and investigates changes in parents’ working conditions as triggers of cascading stress processes.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Family Stress Model (FSM) explains the mechanisms that mediate between families’ structural conditions and children's developmental outcomes. Foundational works for this approach focus on historic events that instigate rapid structural changes which, in turn, undermine families' economic situation. The economic losses trigger stress processes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic reports heightened levels of parental stress and negative impacts on children's cognitive and socioemotional development. This study examines the role of parental emotional distress during the COVID-19 shutdown on children's cognitive development. Expanding on the classical FSM, we hypothesize that changes in parents' working situation, rather than economic changes, may have triggered family stress processes during the shutdown, as federal support largely cushioned economic cutbacks in Germany.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>For the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), interviews were conducted with parents, and primary school students in Starting Cohort 1 were tested after the first shutdown in 2020. The database provides rich information from survey waves prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing a longitudinal analysis of a sample of 1512 primary school students with ordinary least squares regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Parents’ emotional distress during the pandemic had a robust negative effect on students’ mathematical skills, even when controlling for prior parenting stress. Changes in parents’ working conditions also had an effect on children’s test scores, and the negative effect of working from home on the test scores was mediated by parents’ emotional distress.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic was a historic event which, at least in Germany, challenged the mental health of many parents and, in turn, impaired the skill development of primary school students. We introduce the role of changes in working conditions as triggers of such processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000200/pdfft?md5=3f881866d048398846f654879bfe5afb&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140328684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On integrating life course and social network research","authors":"Peter V. Marsden","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000030/pdfft?md5=a667147e6989329406e5119e062f94ee&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000030-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139583201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging social network and life course research: Unlocking the analytical potential","authors":"Marlis Buchmann","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000029/pdfft?md5=72754b4b3e852825e0f260b67655ec3e&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000029-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaving the parental home during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Southern Europe","authors":"Valeria Ferraretto ,&nbsp;Agnese Vitali ,&nbsp;Francesco C. Billari","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2020, COVID-19-related governmental restrictions forced individuals to radically change their habits, possibly impacting on their living arrangements. Whether COVID-19 affected young adults’ propensity to leave the parental home is still unknown; Southern Europe is of particular interest, as youth experience the “latest-late” transition to adulthood, face uncertainty in the labor market, and receive low welfare support. Using EU-SILC longitudinal data from Greece, Spain, Italy, and Portugal, this study examines how home-leaving rates evolved in the short-term and explores the relationship between governmental restrictions, economic characteristics of households and young adults, and leaving home behaviors. Descriptive analyses reveal that the share of young adults leaving the parental home in Southern Europe between 2019 and 2020 slightly increased compared to previous years. Discrete-time event history models show that the propensity to leave the parental home increases with the stringency of policy measures. Young adults with the highest likelihood to leave home are employed individuals whose households are in the lowest income quintile as well as students from the highest income quintile, suggesting that, in these countries, residential independence is associated with either the acquisition of economic resources in the labor market or the availability of family resources. We interpret this result in favor of an “independence effect” exerted by COVID-19-related restrictions on young adults; future research might establish whether this trend is temporary or persistent over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000054/pdfft?md5=82938fd8be422be31250ea462a266066&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000054-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Networked lives: Probing the influence of social networks on the life course","authors":"Mattia Vacchiano ,&nbsp;Betina Hollstein ,&nbsp;Richard A. Settersten Jr ,&nbsp;Dario Spini","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social network research is well-equipped to help life course scholars produce a deeper and more nuanced approach to the principle of “linked lives,” one of the cornerstones of the field. In this issue on <em>Networked Lives</em>, nine original articles and two commentaries generate new theories, empirical findings and methodological applications at the intersection of the fields of social networks and life course research. In this introduction, we reflect on these advances, highlighting key findings and challenges that await scholars in building more robust synergy between the two fields. Social networks emerge as key structural forces in life courses, yet there is much to learn about the mechanisms through which their effects on people’s lives come about. There is a need to study further how networks evolve through the rhythm of life events, and to analyze broader and more complex networks that capture the roles and influences of relations beyond intimate or family ties. These papers demonstrate that there is much to be gained in probing how individuals are linked to and unlinked from others over time, and in carrying conceptual and methodological advances across social network and life course studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000017/pdfft?md5=b6424be053736064c3f6c411dd5e5afd&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000017-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139517969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal analysis of health inequalities from adolescence to young adulthood and their underlying causes","authors":"Marvin Reuter ,&nbsp;Katharina Diehl ,&nbsp;Matthias Richter ,&nbsp;Leonie Sundmacher ,&nbsp;Claudia Hövener ,&nbsp;Jacob Spallek ,&nbsp;Nico Dragano","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research suggests that children of low-educated parents face greater health burdens during the passage from adolescence to young adulthood, as they are more likely to become low-educated themselves, establish behavioural and psychosocial disadvantages, or being exposed to unhealthy working conditions. However, studies examining the development and drivers of health inequalities during this particular life stage are limited in number and have produced varied results. This study investigates trajectories of self-rated health and overweight from 14 to 25 years of age, stratified by parental education, and explores the role of potential mediators (educational achievement, health behaviours, psychosocial factors, working conditions). We rely on prospective cohort data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), a representative sample of 14,981 German ninth graders interviewed yearly from 2011 to 2021 (<em>n</em> = 90,096 person-years). First, we estimated random-effects growth curves for self-rated health and overweight over participants’ age and calculated the average marginal effect of high versus low parental education. Second, a series of simulation-based mediation analyses were performed to test how much of health inequalities were explained by children’s educational attainment (years of school education, years in university), health behaviours (smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity), psychosocial factors (number of grade repetitions, years in unemployment, chronic stress, self-esteem) and working conditions (physical and psychosocial job demands). We accounted for potential confounding by controlling for age, sex, migration background, residential area, household composition, and interview mode. Results show that higher parental education was related to higher self-rated health and lower probabilities of being overweight. Interaction between parental education and age indicated that, after some equalisation in late adolescence, health inequalities increased in young adulthood. Furthermore, educational attainment, health behaviours, psychosocial factors, and early-career working conditions played a significant role in mediating health inequalities. Of the variables examined, the level of school education and years spent in university were particular strong mediating factors. School education accounted for around one-third of the inequalities in self-rated health and one-fifth of the differences in overweight among individuals. Results support the idea that the transition to adulthood is a sensitive period in life and that early socio-economic adversity increases the likelihood to accumulate health disadvantages in multiple dimensions. In Germany, a country with comparatively low educational mobility, intergenerational continuities in class location seem to play a key role in the explanation of health inequalities in youth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000042/pdfft?md5=c70b8b3a0bdf4f6a35f8ac125171ceda&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000042-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Unlinked lives”: Elaboration of a concept and its significance for the life course","authors":"Richard A. Settersten Jr. ,&nbsp;Betina Hollstein ,&nbsp;Kara K. McElvaine","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article introduces the concept of “unlinked lives” and illustrates its significance for scholarship on the life course. There are many lessons to be learned about human interdependence by focusing not on relationships that are formed and then maintained, but instead on relationships that are lost or ended by choice or circumstance, such as through changes in institutional affiliations, social status and positions or places. Unlinked lives carry important social meanings, are embedded in complex social processes, and bring consequences for the wellbeing of individuals, families, and societies. To develop this concept, we put forward nine key propositions related to when and how unlinkings happen as processes, as well as some of the consequences of being unlinked as a status or outcome. The coupling of “unlinked lives” with “linked lives” offers a crucial avenue for advancing life course theories and research, integrating scholarship across multiple life periods and transitions, and bridging the two now-distinct traditions of intellectual inquiry on the life course and on social networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260823000588/pdfft?md5=e89848fc5ffd60aa486cc0fb3d931622&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260823000588-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135564804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}