Advances in Life Course Research最新文献

{"title":"Timing and duration of work-family experiences and mental health in young adulthood: Applying feature selection","authors":"Vendula Machů , Iris Arends , Karin Veldman , Ute Bültmann","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Little is known about whether and how the timing and duration of work-family experiences are associated with subsequent mental health outcomes in the current generation of young adults. Such information may inform the development of timely interventions to promote better mental health. In this study, we use two complementary approaches to examine the complex relationship between work, family and mental health in young Dutch adults born around 1990. First, we examine the association between work-family trajectories and mental health. Second, we examine which timing and duration features of work-family trajectories are related to subsequent mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sequences of monthly work-family states from ages 18 to 28 years were constructed in a sample of Dutch young adults participating in the TRAILS cohort study (N = 992). Mental health was operationalised as experiencing internalising or externalising problems at age 29. We created a typology of work-family trajectories by clustering individual sequences and used regression analysis to examine the association between work-family trajectories and mental health. Next, we used the Boruta feature selection algorithm to identify timing and duration features of work-family trajectories related to mental health at age 29 and conducted a regression analysis to examine the associations between the identified features and mental health. All regression analyses were controlled for mental health problems between ages 11 and 16.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women in the work-family trajectories <em>long education</em> and <em>inactive</em> were most likely to experience internalising problems at age 29. Women in the work-family trajectory <em>inactive</em> were also most likely to experience externalising problems. In line, the feature selection analysis showed that both being inactive and being in education in the first stage of young adulthood, being a parent and in work in the last stage of young adulthood and the total duration of inactivity were associated with internalising problems. Being inactive in the first and the last stages of young adulthood and being inactive and a parent in the third stage of young adulthood were associated with externalising problems. Men in the work-family trajectory <em>inactive</em> were most likely to experience both internalising and externalising problems. Additionally, men in the work-family trajectory <em>continuous education and work</em> were most likely to report externalising problems. The feature selection analysis showed that being in education in the last stage of young adulthood was associated with internalising problems. Similar to women, inactivity in the first stage of young adulthood was associated with internalising and externalising problems at age 29.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Work-family trajectories in young adulthood are associated with mental health problems at age 2","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impressionable years: How life course transitions shape gender ideologies across adolescence and young adulthood","authors":"Janna Wilhelm","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how life course transitions unique to adolescence and young adulthood affect gender ideologies of men and women. After childhood, young people are exposed to new contexts that shape their beliefs in different ways than parents. By integrating a life course perspective with the conceptualisation of gender as a social structure and interest- and exposure-based explanations, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of change mechanisms. It extends the literature by examining the role of age-specific transitions: into vocational training, university, employment, romantic relationships, and cohabitation. Using representative data from the German Family Panel <em>pairfam</em>, I conducted fixed-effects regression analyses with gender interaction terms (n = 2888 individuals; ages 15–27). To account for the multidimensionality of gender ideologies, I used separate attitude items. Results show that attending university is associated with increased support for gender equality in the public and private sphere, particularly for young men. Transitions into vocational training are related to an increase in public sphere egalitarianism, while transitions into employment mostly did not have an additional effect. When they enter heterosexual relationships, results are gender-specific: Women become more traditional regarding maternal employment, while men increase their support for equal housework sharing and both women’s and men’s caretaking roles. With cohabitation, women decrease their support for equal housework sharing. Overall, the findings suggest that young people’s gender ideologies can be subject to persistent change beyond early formative years and that life course transitions may be crucial in shaping them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily health and well-being among caregivers with multiple adverse childhood experiences: The role of family support and strain","authors":"Jooyoung Kong ,&nbsp;Yin Liu ,&nbsp;David M. Almeida ,&nbsp;Stephanie Robert","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Caregiving for aging parents is a prevalent experience for middle- and older adults in the US. Utilizing a life course perspective to family caregiving, this study examined the associations between providing care to parents and four daily well-being outcomes while also testing the moderating roles of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and current family support or strain.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Using data from the National Study of Daily Experiences 3, a daily diary project of the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS), we analyzed a sample of 434 caregivers and their 1123 daily diary records. A multilevel modeling approach was used to examine intra-individual patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For caregivers who reported three or more ACEs, daily negative affect was higher on days they provided care compared to days they did not. For these caregivers, positive family support buffered the associations between daily caregiving to parents and higher negative affect, lower positive affect, and poorer sleep quality. Family strain exacerbated the effects of daily caregiving to parents on higher negative affect, lower positive affect, more physical symptoms, and poorer sleep quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ACEs may play a crucial role in contextualizing caregivers’ daily health outcomes. The findings of the current study enhance our understanding of adult-child caregivers who experienced multiple ACEs and highlight their need for trauma-informed support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity or disadvantage? Partnership, childbearing, and employment trajectories of the descendants of immigrants in the United Kingdom","authors":"Júlia Mikolai,&nbsp;Hill Kulu","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate how partnership, fertility, and employment changes interact in the lives of immigrants’ descendants in the UK. Although these domains are intertwined in individuals’ lives, most studies on migrants and minorities have examined them separately. We apply multi-channel sequence analysis to data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study to establish the main types of joint partnership, fertility, and employment trajectories among the native population and the descendants of immigrants (i.e., 1.5 and second generation). We analyse women and men separately. We find first that the descendants of European/Western immigrants exhibit family and employment trajectories similar to those of the native British population. Second, the descendants of Caribbean immigrants have diverse partnership and fertility patterns, but their employment outcomes are similar or even better compared to those of native women and men. Third, among women of South Asian descent, conservative partnership and family formation patterns are coupled with low labour market attachment. It is not the heterogeneity in partnership and family formation patterns which poses a challenge, rather that these patterns co-exist with low labour market participation. This is likely to have serious long-term implications for the wellbeing of second-generation women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in intergenerational coresidence in Taiwan: Age, period, and cohort analysis, 2000–2020","authors":"Yung-Han Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of ongoing social and demographic changes, eldercare and living arrangements have become increasingly challenging in many aging societies, including Taiwan. Historically, high levels of coresidence between parents and adult children were largely upheld by filial piety in Taiwan. However, the declining influence of filial traditions has been accompanied by shifts in intergenerational coresidence (IC) patterns. Although tracing how coresidence has evolved is key to understanding family dynamics in East Asian contexts, studies have produced mixed results, largely due to the age-period-cohort (APC) identification problem. To address this gap, this study draws on longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics Survey (2000–2020) and applies an adapted hierarchical APC (HAPC) model to disentangle patterns of parents' coresidence with children across APC trends within a multilevel framework. The analysis reveals that the age effect follows a U-shaped pattern with notable gender differences—women experience a milder decline and an earlier resurgence in IC, along with cohort variations. Among the pre-boomer cohort (1935–1945), coresidence tends to decline, specifically among women, without a clear U-shape, whereas the boomer cohort (1946–1963) sees a rise in IC around age 60. These findings elucidate the complex interplay between time-varying factors and IC as it unfolds across individual life courses within the broader family life cycle. While filial traditions remain influential, deviations from traditional coresidence patterns suggest changes in intergenerational reciprocity and highlight the growing importance of children’s circumstances on IC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labor supply response of women across the divorce process and the moderating role of children","authors":"Matthias Klingler","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employment is widely considered a key coping strategy for women against the economic burden of divorce. However, few studies have explored how women adjust their labor supply across the divorce process, particularly considering the moderating role of children’s presence and age. This study uses longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from 1984 to 2021 in an event-study approach with fixed effects regressions and an extended control group design. This design allows group-specific age trends to be controlled for in moderation analyses. The findings show that women increase their labor supply in anticipation of divorce, intensify it during the transition period, and subsequently stabilize at a higher level. Whereas childless women show minimal changes in their labor supply, all groups of mothers experience an increase, which is sustained after divorce. Mothers of children aged six years and above tend to increase their labor supply primarily by working more hours, whereas there is some indication that mothers of children aged five years and below mainly enter or re-enter employment. Overall, the results suggest that increased economic activity is an important coping strategy for women during the divorce process, with mothers showing the most pronounced increase in labor supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting destinations? Emerging intention trajectories of latent family size","authors":"Dávid Erát ,&nbsp;Zsolt Spéder","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although fertility levels in European countries, including Hungary, have long been well below the two children per woman required for reproduction, the two-child family ideal has dominated views about the ideal number of children for decades. Our aim was to identify potential alternative trajectories regarding the intended number of children, specifically deliberate childlessness or a preference for large families. Using group-based trajectory analysis, we explored trajectories and several demographic, socioeconomic and attitudinal characteristics associated with them using a subsample of people aged 18–33 from five waves (2001–2016) of the Hungarian Generations and Genders Survey. Our findings reveal that among young people without children at age 18–33, approximately one in ten follow a trajectory of deliberate childlessness, with over a quarter of 18–33-year-olds are on a trajectory towards a large family. The associated criteria largely align with our expectations: age, partnership status, socialisation, educational attainment and support for career orientation significantly influence trajectory selection. However, some unexpected effects emerged, particularly with regard to the effect of education in the case of the voluntary childlessness trajectory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How conflict shapes the impact of infant and child mortality on fertility in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Guerschom Mugisho","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of infant or child mortality and its interaction with conflict exposure on fertility in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Birth histories of 13,859 married women from the 2007 and 2013/2014 Demographic and Health Surveys were analyzed alongside conflict data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. A series of conditional frailty survival models were estimated. Results showed that women who lost an index or non-index child during or before the birth interval were at higher risk of giving birth. These findings provide evidence for an immediate volitional replacement effect, i.e., a deliberate or psychological effort to replace a lost child as soon as possible, as well as a long-term replacement effect reflecting the desire to achieve an ideal family size. The immediate replacement effect was more pronounced among women exposed to conflict, while the long-term effect was weaker. These results, which are robust to alternative measures of conflict, reflect how families respond to infant mortality and conflict. In the short run, conflict increases the urgency to replace deceased children, supporting the fast life history or bereavement theories. By contrast, in the long term, conflict disrupts reproductive planning—likely due to resource scarcity, uncertainty about the future, and other constraints—thereby supporting the economic theory of fertility. Short-term interventions should prioritize improving child health through nutrition and immunization, providing mental health support, and offering culturally sensitive reproductive counseling. In contrast, long-term interventions must focus on economic support and family planning programs to empower women in conflict zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hustling over the life course: Reconciling cultural norms and socio-economic realities for young mothers in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"Seung Wan Kim ,&nbsp;Kirsten Stoebenau ,&nbsp;Milka Omuya ,&nbsp;Ann Muthoni ,&nbsp;Raphael Musyoki ,&nbsp;Rukia Nyambura ,&nbsp;Victor Ambula","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper draws on qualitative interviews with 50 mothers and 31 fathers from the <em>Jamaa na Afya ya Mtoto</em> (JAMO) project to examine the role of “hustling” in romantic relationships and motherhood in low-income communities in Nairobi, Kenya. Using a life-course lens and grounded in the “doing gender” framework, we explore how young mothers engage in hustling to pursue socially recognized adulthood. Thematic analysis reveals two key forms: hustling in motherhood—balancing caregiving with income generation—and hustling in marriage—legitimizing unions through bridewealth involvement and endurance. In a context of economic precarity and limited institutional support, hustling becomes not only a survival strategy but also a gendered practice through which adulthood is performed, reinforced, and at times subtly contested. This study highlights how young adults navigate fragmented life-course trajectories amid shifting gender expectations and material conditions, ultimately reshaping emerging norms around gender, work, and family in low-income urban settings in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverging trends in the age of social and biological transitions to adulthood","authors":"Vegard Skirbekk ,&nbsp;Christian K. Tamnes ,&nbsp;Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson ,&nbsp;Astanand Jugessur ,&nbsp;Tilmann von Soest","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We discuss how different disciplines vary in their definitions of what constitutes the transition to <em>adulthood</em> and the age at which this transition is attained. This review synthesizes diverse perspectives on conceptualizing adulthood, exploring markers from demographic, economic, legal, cultural, subjective, psychological, and biological domains―each offering unique insights. We discuss how this life transition has changed over time and across different contexts. We find that while socioeconomic markers such as entering the labor market and first childbirth are increasingly being delayed in contemporary societies, biological markers like puberty occur earlier, while institutional and legal markers of the transition are often constant. Consequently, individuals now experience extended periods of biological maturity before achieving social adulthood. This review highlights the complexities of defining adulthood and underscores the need for an updated and multidisciplinary examination of this significant life stage transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}