Advances in Life Course Research最新文献

{"title":"The gender division of paid work over family formation: Variation by couples’ migration background","authors":"Julie Maes,&nbsp;Jonas Wood,&nbsp;Leen Marynissen,&nbsp;Karel Neels","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the gender gap in labour force participation has narrowed considerably in many European countries, life course scholars have shown that the transition to parenthood exacerbates gender inequality in couples’ division of paid work. Hitherto, variation by migration background has received limited attention in research on the effect of parenthood on couples’ gender division of paid work. This is remarkable given that such heterogeneity is theoretically informative on differential interconnectedness of life course events, but may also inform policy makers on the life course transitions that induce migrant-native differentials in women’s labour force participation. This study adopts a life course perspective and uses longitudinal microdata from Belgian social security registers to examine variation in couples’ gender division of paid work around family formation by migration background. Taking into account couples’ migration background – by considering the origin group and migrant generation of both partners – we identify four patterns of gender dynamics around family formation in couples where at least one partner is of migrant origin. These four patterns emerge from (dis)similarities with native couples with respect to their pre-birth division of paid work on the one hand and their changes in this division around family formation on the other hand. These results highlight that combining an account of couples’ division of paid work prior to the birth of a first child with a perspective focussing on how the division of paid work changes around family formation is necessary for a thorough understanding of variation by migration background.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260822000375/pdfft?md5=707f2dcc8afa31647efdbe23e1b06e51&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260822000375-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9164342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding up risks: Sexual debut and substance use among Italian university students","authors":"Fausta Ongaro ,&nbsp;Valentina Tocchioni","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adolescence and youth are periods of great changes in an individual’s life, during which experiencing first events of the transition to adulthood and, sometimes, violating social norms. Literature has identified an association of risk behaviours with timing of first sexual intercourse, but scant information is available about their relationship with the use of protection or the choice of a casual partner. This study focuses on the relation between initiation of risk behaviours (get drunk and drug use) and initiation of intercourse. Using event history analysis – also in their competing risk form - on data on Italian university students collected in 2000–2001 and in 2017, we intend to verify to what extent the initiation and the timing to risk behaviours is associated with the circumstances of first intercourse (timing, use of protection, type of partner), and if and how initiation to risk behaviours interacts differently with age at sexual debut. Our results show that in a country such as Italy, where family and sexual norms are relatively traditional, young people who got drunk, used marijuana or ecstasy at least one time in their life are more likely to experience risky sexual intercourse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Past experiences and anticipated futures in the lives of transgender and nonbinary people","authors":"Mieke Beth Thomeer ,&nbsp;Allen J. LeBlanc ,&nbsp;Emily Allen Paine ,&nbsp;David M. Frost ,&nbsp;Anneliese Singh ,&nbsp;Walter O. Bockting","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transgender and nonbinary people’s life experiences are highly heterogenous and shaped by broader structural and cultural forces. We analyze experiences identified in lifeline interviews from 87 transgender and nonbinary adults in Atlanta, New York City, and San Francisco. We find that the type, timing, and relative importance of these experiences varied across categories. For example, experiences related to “Rejection and violence” were more often identified in childhood and in the past, whereas experiences related to “Gender-affirming medical interventions” were more common in adulthood and anticipated futures. Experiences related to “Community involvement,” “Extracurriculars,” “Gender exploration and revelation,” and “Gender-affirming medical interventions” were labeled by respondents as relatively more important compared to other experiences, whereas experiences related to “Family of origin relationships,” “Place of residence,” “Rejection and violence,” and “Sexuality” less important. These experiences were patterned according to the respondents’ gender, birth cohort, race/ethnicity, and geographic location. In analyzing these lifeline data, we advance theoretical understandings of the salience of a variety of key experiences for transgender and nonbinary people at different points in the life course. Our life course approach provides empirical analyses of intra-individual processes over time for transgender and nonbinary people and provides insight into the usefulness of a lifeline method for life course studies more generally as it draws attention to within-person assessments of the distribution and importance of experiences over a lifetime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10608114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The wage penalty for informal caregivers from a life course perspective","authors":"Klara Raiber,&nbsp;Mark Visser,&nbsp;Ellen Verbakel","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Caring for a friend or family member in need of care has been found to have negative consequences for wages. This study contributes to the literature by studying how three major life course factors, namely timing of first caregiving, duration of caregiving, and the number of caregiving episodes, help to explain the (hourly) wage penalty for informal caregivers (i.e., providers of health-related care to older or disabled people in the personal network). We used unique retrospective data of 1417 informal caregivers in the Netherlands that map start and end dates of up to seven caregiving episodes. Findings showed that a higher number of caregiving episodes was related to a stronger wage penalty, whereas timing of first caregiving was not associated with a wage penalty. Opposite to our expectation, we found that the wage penalty decreased the longer someone cared, potentially even resulting in a wage premium for long-time caregivers. We conclude that applying a life course perspective is relevant when examining employment consequences of informal caregiving and that caregiving possibly fosters skills that are beneficial for employment careers in the long run.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260822000302/pdfft?md5=65eae577f1a3936988127f8ef34a7f96&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260822000302-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9164339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gendered work-family life courses and late-life physical functioning: A comparative analysis from 28 European countries","authors":"Damiano Uccheddu ,&nbsp;Tom Emery ,&nbsp;Anne H. Gauthier ,&nbsp;Nardi Steverink","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combining work and family roles can have beneficial consequences on health but could also result in chronic stress and adverse health outcomes at older ages. This study aimed to examine combined employment, parenthood, and partnership histories of men and women during the childbearing period (ages 15-49), and to investigate the links of these work and family roles with physical functioning later in life. We used data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with retrospective information on employment, parenthood, and partnership histories for 18,057 men and 20,072 women (n = 38,129) living in 28 different countries belonging to six European welfare clusters. We applied multichannel sequence analysis (MCSQA) and hierarchical clustering to group work-family trajectories into 12 clusters for men and 15 clusters for women. We assessed the association between work-family life courses and grip strength by estimating multivariable linear regression models. Delayed work and family transitions, unstable employment, and the absence of combinations of work and family roles between age 15 and 49 were associated with weaker grip strength in later life for both men and women. Results differed by gender and were framed by the welfare context in which gendered work and family responsibilities unfold across individual life courses. The findings make an important contribution to the domain of gender and health in later life and stress the need to engage more with issues related to the mechanisms linking work and family trajectories to poor health in later life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260822000351/pdfft?md5=4e1ea8f1473e3bf32615cb4f31f581ca&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260822000351-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9164340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Birds of a feather' - forever? Homogeneity in adult friendship networks through the life course","authors":"Beate Völker","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the changes in the homogeneity of friendship networks in terms of gender, age, and educational diversity. It is argued that through the life course, both an individual’s demand and the structural supply of similar others change. This should be reflected in the composition of friendship relations in personal networks. Rich network panel data that cover a period of 19 years are employed (The Social Survey of the Dutch, SSND). Results show that gender and educational homogeneity in friendships increases when people age, while age homogeneity remains unchanged. Notably, friendship as a relational category remains important throughout a person’s life and only few respondents report that they have no friends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260822000387/pdfft?md5=531968f132be91ada960b7fedd91e65f&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260822000387-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9164341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fading family lines- women and men without children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren in 19th, 20th and 21st Century Northern Sweden","authors":"Martin Kolk ,&nbsp;Vegard Skirbekk","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We studied to what extent family lines die out over the course of 122 years based on Swedish population-level data. Our data included demographic and socioeconomic information for four generations in the Skellefteå region of northern Sweden from 1885 to 2007. The first generation in our sample consisted of men and women born between 1885 and 1899 (N = 5850), and we observed their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. We found that 48% of the first generation did not have any living descendants (great-grandchildren) by 2007. The risk of a family line dying out within the four-generational framework was highest among those who had relatively low fertility in the first generation. Mortality during reproductive years was also a leading reason why individuals in the first generation ended up with a greater risk of not leaving descendants. We identified socioeconomic differences: both the highest-status and the lowest-status occupational groups saw an increased risk of not leaving any descendants. Almost all lineages that made it to the third generation also made it to the fourth generation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260822000211/pdfft?md5=2e6a259a488ecf4ed75599ba33ea69f9&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260822000211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9181156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term changes in sense of coherence and mortality among middle-aged men: A population -based follow-up study","authors":"Ilkka Piiroinen ,&nbsp;Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ,&nbsp;Tommi Tolmunen ,&nbsp;Jussi Kauhanen ,&nbsp;Sudhir Kurl ,&nbsp;Charlotta Nilsen ,&nbsp;Sakari Suominen ,&nbsp;Tarja Välimäki ,&nbsp;Ari Voutilainen","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sense of coherence (SOC) scale measures one’s orientation to life. SOC is the core construct in Antonovsky's salutogenic model of health. It has been shown that weak SOC correlates with poor perceived health, low quality of life, and increased mortality. Some studies have indicated that SOC is not stable across life, but there are no previous studies on how a change of SOC is reflected in mortality. However, there is some evidence that a change in perceived quality of life is associated with mortality. The study explores the association between the change in SOC and mortality using longitudinal data from a cohort of middle-aged Finnish men recruited between 1986 and 1989. Approximately 11 years after the baseline examinations, between 1998 and 2001, 854 men returned the SOC questionnaire a second time. The baseline SOC was adjusted for the regression to the mean phenomenon between the two measurements. The hazard ratios of the SOC difference scores were adjusted for initial SOC age and 12 somatic risk factors of mortality (alcohol consumption, blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol concentration, physical activity, education, smoking, marital status, employment status, history of cancer, history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes). SOC was not stable among middle-aged Finnish men and a decline in SOC was associated with an increased hazard of all-cause mortality. In the fully adjusted model, a decrease of one standard deviation (<em>SD</em>) of the SOC mean difference increased the mortality hazard by about 35 %, two <em>SD</em>s decrease about 70 %, and 2.5 <em>SD</em>s about 100 %. Strengthening SOC showed a limited association with decreasing mortality hazards in the age-adjusted model. Policies, strategies, or plans, supporting SOC in the middle-age may help to decrease mortality and increase quality of life in later years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104026082200034X/pdfft?md5=72630c8e09c3f6549df662d3d9444626&pid=1-s2.0-S104026082200034X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10611838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Better together: Advancing life course research through multi-cohort analytic approaches","authors":"Meredith O’Connor ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Spry ,&nbsp;George Patton ,&nbsp;Margarita Moreno-Betancur ,&nbsp;Sarah Arnup ,&nbsp;Marnie Downes ,&nbsp;Sharon Goldfeld ,&nbsp;David Burgner ,&nbsp;Craig A. Olsson","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Longitudinal cohorts can provide timely and cost-efficient evidence about the best points of health service and preventive interventions over the life course. Working systematically across cohorts has the potential to further exploit these valuable data assets, such as by improving the precision of estimates, enhancing (or appropriately reducing) confidence in the replicability of findings, and investigating interrelated questions within a broader theoretical model. In this conceptual review, we explore the opportunities and challenges presented by multi-cohort approaches in life course research. Specifically, we: 1) describe key motivations for multi-cohort work and the analytic approaches that are commonly used in each case; 2) flag some of the scientific and pragmatic challenges that arise when adopting these approaches; and 3) outline emerging directions for multi-cohort work in life course research. Harnessing their potential while thoughtfully considering limitations of multi-cohort approaches can contribute to the robust and granular evidence base needed to promote health and wellbeing over the life span.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260822000399/pdfft?md5=620bf2fab2b6f651d5c8a3b79501d288&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260822000399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First union formation among the children of immigrants: A population-wide study in Norway","authors":"Kenneth Aarskaug Wiik","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using Norwegian register data on the total population of individuals who were native-born or who immigrated prior to age 18, this study investigated differences in first union formation across migrant generations, global regions of origin, and gender. Cohabitation was the preferred route into partnerships for all groups, but it was most common among those with either one or two native-born parents. Results provided evidence of a generational gradient in marriage, whereby the native-born children of two immigrants and those immigrating in ages below 13 were less likely to marry than immigrants arriving as teens. Those native born with one native and one immigrant parent were least likely to marry, but most likely to cohabit. The children of immigrants originating from Asia, MENA and Eastern Europe were more marriage prone, whereas those of South-American and European origins were more cohabitation prone, than those originating from elsewhere. Women of most origins and generations more often married compared with men, and this gender gap was largest among those originating from MENA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104026082200020X/pdfft?md5=9129b3803767ac49c621b1b440a0a0af&pid=1-s2.0-S104026082200020X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10617775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}