Advances in Life Course Research最新文献

{"title":"Selecting qualitative cases using sequence analysis: A mixed-method for in-depth understanding of life course trajectories","authors":"Guillaume Le Roux ,&nbsp;Matthias Studer ,&nbsp;Arnaud Bringé ,&nbsp;Catherine Bonvalet","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this paper, we propose a sequence analysis-based method for selecting qualitative cases depending on quantitative results. Inspired by tools developed for cross-sectional analyses, we propose indicators suitable for longitudinal study of the life course in a holistic perspective and a set of corresponding analysis guidelines. Two complementary indicators are introduced, </span><em>marginality</em> and <em>gain</em><span>, that allows labeling observations according to both their typicality within their group and their illustrativeness of a given quantitative relationship. These indicators allow selecting a diversity of cases depending on their contributions to a quantitative relationship between trajectories and a covariate or a typology. The computation of the indicators is made available in the TraMineRextras R package.</span></p><p><span>The method and its advantages are illustrated through an original study of the relationships between residential trajectories in the Paris region and residential socialization during childhood. Using the </span><em>Biographies et Entourage</em><span> [Event history and entourage] survey and qualitative interviews conducted with a subsample of respondents, the analysis shows the contributions of the method not only to improve the understanding of statistical associations, but also to identify their limitations. Extension and generalization of the method are finally proposed to cover a wider scope of situations.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous effects of emigration on labor market activity and investment decisions in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Rabia Arif ,&nbsp;Theresa Thompson Chaudhry","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the impacts of emigration on the labor market and investment decisions of migrant-sending households in Pakistan by constructing a large individual-level dataset, using several rounds of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted between 2003 and 2014. We add to the literature by introducing a new time-varying instrumental variable<span> to control for endogenous migration decisions, constructed as a composite of three variables that represent opportunities to work abroad: (i) the household’s number of adult males, (ii) historic diaspora rates, and (iii) deviations of nighttime light intensity from its trend in migrant-receiving countries. We find a significant shift in domestic labor market activity from lower-status employment categories (not working at all, unpaid family work and manual labor) toward higher-status activities and entrepreneurship such as self-employment and becoming an employer within migrant-sending households. We also find higher investment in property, bank deposits, agricultural land, livestock, poultry and fisheries by individuals in migrant-sending households. The results are stronger for vulnerable groups, implying that migration can be a force for good for rural development, the welfare of women, and less-educated individuals.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upwardly mobile biographies. An analysis of turning points in the careers of working-class faculty","authors":"Kamil Luczaj","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Building upon Bourdieusian sociology of education<span> and Randall Collins' theory of, interaction ritual chains, this paper contributes to the literature on the biographical life course by analyzing the biographies of upwardly mobile academics, i.e. those who, escaped the “collective fate of their class.” Based on the collection of 25 unstructured, narrative interviews (life story narratives) and additional individual in-depth interviews, (repeated interviews, interviews with families, and friends), a total of 75 qualitative, interviews, I trace the main biographical metamorphoses of upwardly mobile, academics. The meticulous analysis of the narrations brings about an answer to the, question “What was the role of a social class in their biographical metamorphoses?”, The analysis of the turning points in the under-researched context of the postcommunist, semi-peripheral, and yet neoliberal academic system enables the paper to, discuss social circumstances which play a crucial role in this kind of upward mobility, e.g. early discovered talent, presence of books at home, choice of high school, early contact with the legitimized culture, opportunity structure of the higher education system under transition and transnational experience.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and change of religiosity among baby boomers in adulthood: Associations with familism over time","authors":"Woosang Hwang ,&nbsp;Kent Jason Cheng ,&nbsp;Maria T. Brown ,&nbsp;Merril Silverstein","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>While it is commonly understood that familism<span> is influenced by religiosity, less is known about how religiosity between young adulthood and midlife is related to the trajectory of familism from midlife over the later life course. In this study, we identified a multidimensional typology of religiosity among baby boomers in young adulthood and midlife, explored how membership in this religious typology changed from young adulthood to midlife, and examined how transition patterns of religiosity were associated with familism over time. We used data from a sample of 471 baby boomers (mean age 19 years in 1971) from the </span></span>Longitudinal Study<span> of Generations (LSOG), Wave-1 (1971) through Wave-8 (2005). Using latent class and latent transition analysis, we identified three latent religiosity classes in Wave-1 (1971) and Wave-3 (1988): </span></span><em>strongly religious</em>, <em>weakly religious</em>, and <em>privately religious</em><span>, and identified nine transition patterns of religiosity from you between these waves from young adulthood to midlife. Using latent growth curve analysis (Wave-3 to Wave-8), we found that respondents who remained strongly or privately religious or whose religiosity increased had higher initial levels of familism (Wave-3) compared to those who stayed in the weakly religious class. However, the gap in familism across religiosity transition patterns decreased over time up to late middle age. Our findings indicate that while religiosity was positively associated with familism, its impact weakened over time possibly due to change in the centrality of family life and societal factors.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative life course perspective on covid-lockdowns and couples' division of unpaid labour","authors":"Jonas Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Covid-19 lockdowns in many countries were characterised by increases in unpaid labour (e.g. home-schooling), as well as changing working conditions (e.g. remote work). Consequently, a large body of research assesses changes in dual earner couples’ gender division of unpaid labour. However, despite the increasingly detailed picture of households’ division of labour before and after the onset of the pandemic, it remains unclear how dual earner parents themselves perceive their decision-making regarding labour divisions during lockdowns. Consequently, using data from 31 individual in-depth interviews in Belgium, this study adopts a biographical-interpretative method to assess variation in narratives regarding the household division of labour before and during lockdown. Results indicate five ideal type narratives which vary in the extent to which lockdown divisions of unpaid labour exhibit path-dependency or constitute new gender dynamics, but also regarding the balance between individual agency and societal factors as determinants of labour divisions. Taken together, narratives discussing new gender dynamics during lockdowns put forward sector-specific changes in working hours and remote work as external and exogenous determinants. However, most importantly, findings indicate that household decision-making regarding unpaid labour during lockdowns is mostly perceived as path-dependent on pre-covid decision-making (e.g. gender specialisation) in the context of structural (e.g. gendered leave schemes) and normative boundaries (e.g. gendered parenting norms). Such path-dependencies in the decision-making underlying quantitatively identifiable divisions of unpaid labour during lockdowns are likely to be neglected in the absence of a qualitative life course perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260823000187/pdfft?md5=e655d4e135d775f77667237d78b4f56d&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260823000187-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age integration in the social convoys of young and late midlife adults","authors":"Sara M. Moorman","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Homophily on the basis of age is a notable characteristic of social convoys across the life course. Ties to older and younger persons, therefore, are both unusual and potentially provide unique social support resources. This study examined relationships with older, younger, and same-aged non-kin ties among young and late midlife adults. Data came from the University of California Berkeley Social Networks Study (UCNets), a sample of 485 people aged 21–30 and 674 people aged 50–70. A majority of non-kin ties were to people whose age was within 5 years of the participant’s own age, although the majority was much larger for young adults (81 %) than late midlife adults (52 %). Younger and older ties often came from different </span>social settings (school, work, religious organizations, and neighborhoods) than same-aged ties, and there were also some cohort differences in the social settings that produced younger, older, and same-aged ties. Younger and older ties also provided different forms of social support than did ties to same-aged persons. Again, the functions of younger and older ties varied by cohort. Implications for life course studies are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic position and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood: Evidence from Santiago, Chile","authors":"Erin Delker ,&nbsp;Sheila Gahagan ,&nbsp;Raquel Burrows ,&nbsp;Paulina Burrows-Correa ,&nbsp;Patricia East ,&nbsp;Betsy Lozoff ,&nbsp;Estela Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Optimizing cognitive development through early adulthood has implications for population health. This study aims to understand how socioeconomic position (SEP) across development relates to executive functioning. We evaluate three frameworks in life-course epidemiology – the sensitive period, accumulation, and social mobility hypotheses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were young adults from Santiago, Chile who were studied from 6 months to 21 years. Family SEP was measured at ages 1 y, 10 y, and 16 y with the modified Graffar Index. Executive functioning was assessed at ages 16 y and 21 y by the Trail Making Test<span> Part B (Trails B). Analyses estimating 16 y and 21 y executive function involved 581 and 469 participants, respectively. Trails B scores were modeled as a function of SEP at 1 y, 10 y, and 16 y, as the total accumulation of disadvantage, and as change in SEP between 1 y and 10 y and between 10 y and 16 y.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants were low- to middle-income in infancy and, on average, experienced upwards mobility across childhood. Half of participants (58%) improved Trails B scores from 16 y and 21 y. Most (68%) experienced upward social mobility between infancy and 16 y. When examined independently, worse SEP measured at 10 y and 16 y related to worse (longer time to complete) Trails B scores at Age 21 but did not relate to the other outcomes. After mutual adjustment as a test of the sensitivity hypothesis, no SEP measure was independently related to any outcome. Testing the accumulation hypothesis, cumulative low SEP was associated with worse cognitive performance at 21 y (β = 3.6, p = 0.04). Results for the social mobility hypothesis showed no relation to cognitive scores or to change in cognitive scores. Comparing all hypotheses, SEP at 16 y explained the most variability in executive functioning at 21 y, providing support for the sensitive period hypothesis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Results indicate that experiencing cumulatively low socioeconomic position from infancy to adolescence can have a negative impact on cognitive functioning in young adulthood. Findings also provide evidence in support of adolescence as a key developmental period during which SEP can most strongly impact cognitive functioning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partnership dynamics and entry into parenthood: Comparison of Finnish birth cohorts 1969–2000","authors":"Leen Rahnu ,&nbsp;Marika Jalovaara","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the past decade, the stability of close-to-replacement-level fertility ended in all Nordic countries, with its decline to the lowest level in Finland. It is unclear whether and how partnership dynamics have changed, and whether they play a role in fertility developments. We focus on the patterns and associations between the formation and stability of co-residential partnerships and first birth among Finnish women and men, and on whether and how these associations have changed across birth cohorts. We utilise total population register data on persons born between 1969 and 2000 in Finland, and adopt the event history method. Our results indicate that half of the women formed their first co-residential partnerships by the age of 22 years. Cohorts born in the early 1990s were the first to delay the formation of non-marital first partnerships. In contrast, first births are increasingly postponed, and the proportion of women and men, who become parents, has declined across recent cohorts. Among men, we observe higher median ages for family formation events and higher likelihoods of not forming a family. As a result of fertility decline and increase in partnership instability, for the first time, the probability of separation is higher than that of first births among partnered women born in the 1990s. Our findings show that at a behavioural level, the once close link between partnership formation and parenthood has progressively eroded across consecutive birth cohorts. Together with the ongoing tendency to delay first births, decreasing partnership stability, and first indications of delaying partnership formation, the potential of witnessing a marked increase of fertility levels in the near future is delimited. Our study’s results contribute to a better understanding of the demographic mechanisms behind the decline in fertility in Finland, over the recent decade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260823000230/pdfft?md5=70410d005aee1f384785f6d87747a4a0&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260823000230-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does providing informal care in young adulthood impact educational attainment and employment in the UK?","authors":"Baowen Xue,&nbsp;Rebecca E. Lacey,&nbsp;Giorgio Di Gessa,&nbsp;Anne McMunn","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most research on the effects of caring has focused on older spouses or working-age carers providing care for older people, but providing care in early adulthood may have longer-term consequences, given the importance of this life stage for educational and employment transitions. This study aims to investigate the impact of informal care in early adulthood on educational attainment and employment in the UK and to test whether these associations differ by gender or socio-economic circumstances. Data are from young adults (age 16–29 at first interview, n = 27,209) in the UK Household Longitudinal Study wave 1 (2009/11) to wave 10 (2018/2020). Carers are those who provide informal care either inside or outside the household. We also considered six additional aspects of caring, including weekly hours spent caring, number of people cared for, relationship to care recipient, place of care, age at which caring is first observed, and duration of care. Cox regression was used to analyse the association between caring and educational qualifications and employment transitions. We found that young adult carers were less likely to obtain a university degree and enter employment compared to young adults who did not provide care. In terms of care characteristics, weekly hours spent caring were negatively associated with the likelihood of obtaining a university degree qualification and being employed. Providing care after full-time education age negatively influenced employment entry, but having a university degree buffered the negative influence of providing care on entering employment. The influence on unemployment may be stronger for female carers than for male carers. Our results highlight the importance of supporting the needs of young adults who are providing informal care while making key life course transitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260823000242/pdfft?md5=6dd7cc7069ef6e9ba138442e72ebb217&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260823000242-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Boomerang’ moves and young adults’ mental well-being in the United Kingdom","authors":"Jiawei Wu,&nbsp;Emily Grundy","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In the UK and many other contemporary Western populations, attaining and maintaining residential independence is an important marker of a young person’s successful transition to adulthood. However, employment precarity, partnership breakdown, and difficulties in affording housing may mean that some young adults are unable to maintain residential independence and ‘boomerang’ back to co-reside with their parents. Although a growing body of literature has explored how such counter-transitions affect parents’ mental well-being, little is known about effects on the mental health of the young returnees and whether any such effects vary by gender or socio-economic characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Data and methods</h3><p>We use data from 11 waves (2009–2020) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) and focus on young adults aged 21–35 (N = 9714). We estimate fixed-effects models to analyse the effect of returning to the parental home on changes in young adults’ mental well-being measured using scores on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Over the period of observation, 15% of young adults made one or more moves back to the parental home. The fixed-effects analysis showed that returning to the parental home was associated with a reduction (improvement) in GHQ score, although effects were small and did not vary by gender, employment status, partnership status, or presence of a co-resident biological child. No associations were found with changes in MCS score.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although cross-sectional results from the UK have shown that the mental health of young adults living with parents is worse than that of young adults living independently, we found no evidence that returnin<em>g</em> to the parental home was associated with a deterioration in young adults’ mental health. On the contrary, returns home were associated with a slight reduction in depressive symptoms suggesting that the benefits of parental support may outweigh possible negative impacts of inability to maintain residential independence. Further research in other settings is needed to assess the extent to which these findings reflect the UK context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260823000060/pdfft?md5=d66da56fac9b8a96c5d4d44ec64fc4d3&pid=1-s2.0-S1040260823000060-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}