Advances in Life Course Research最新文献

{"title":"Becoming a parent: Trajectories of family division of labor in Germany and the United States","authors":"Wen Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition to parenthood represents a turning point shaping couples’ arrangements for paid work and housework. Previous studies often examined these changes in isolation, rather than as interrelated trajectories reflecting diverse models of family division of labor. Drawing on data from different-sex couples from the 1984–2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the 1984–2020 German Socio-Economic Panel, this study uses multichannel sequence analysis to identify four and three patterned constellations of family division of labor in the United States and Germany, respectively. These constellations differ in women’s and men’s respective contributions to household earnings and their relative participation in housework, spanning from one year before to ten years after the birth of a first child. National differences are found in the identified constellations, their prevalence, and the role of couples’ conjoint education in shaping these constellations. In both countries, couples in which the husband has an educational advantage are most likely to transition to a traditional arrangement. However, only in the U.S. do couples with both partners holding a college degree also tend to enter a traditional arrangement. Furthermore, among U.S. couples in which the wife has an educational advantage, they are most likely to adopt a partly egalitarian arrangement (equal earnings but not housework) upon becoming parents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifecourse trajectories and cross-generational trends in social isolation: Findings from five successive British birth cohort studies","authors":"Rosie Mansfield ,&nbsp;Morag Henderson ,&nbsp;Marcus Richards ,&nbsp;George B. Ploubidis ,&nbsp;Praveetha Patalay","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite growing concerns in the UK about social isolation, there remains a lack of data on the extent and time trends of social isolation from longitudinal, population-based studies. There is also little research that assesses the multiple domains of social isolation across the lifecourse and between generations in a holistic way accounting for different contexts. By applying a multi-context, multi-domain framework of social isolation to 5 successive British birth cohorts, we provide conceptual and empirical understanding of social isolation trajectories across the lifecourse and identify potential generational and sex differences in trends. Where data were available, comparable social isolation indicators were generated to enable lifecourse trajectories and cross-generational trends to be explored. Information on isolation was available across the following relational contexts: household i.e., living alone; partnership, family and friends outside the household; education and employment networks; and community engagement. Trajectories were modelled stratified by sex using a multilevel growth curve framework. Data were analysed from 73,847 individuals (48.5% female), in 5 successive cohorts born in 1946 (N = 5,362), 1958 (N = 16,742), 1970 (N = 16,950), 1989-90 (N = 15,562), and 2000–01 (N = 19,231). Exploring a range of social isolation indicators across several contexts provided a nuanced picture of social isolation across the lifecourse and between generations in the UK, with no consistent pattern of increased or decreased isolation over time. For example, more people are living alone, less women are out of education and employment in midlife, more people are volunteering, but fewer people regularly engage in religious activity. It therefore highlights the need to focus on a range of social isolation indicators across contexts to understand how people compensate for specific types of isolation, and to understand structural differences in social configurations in the UK, which may not only define the timing and sequencing of life transitions but also social isolation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of parental job loss on psychotropic drug use in children: Long-term effects, timing, and cumulative exposure","authors":"Björn Högberg ,&nbsp;Anna Baranowska-Rataj","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intra-family crossover effects triggered by job losses have received growing attention across scientific disciplines, but existing research has reached discrepant conclusions concerning if, and if so how, parental job losses affect child mental health. Drawing on sociological models of stress and life course epidemiology, we ask if parental job losses have long-term effects on child mental health, and if these effects are conditional on the timing of, or the cumulative exposure to, job losses. We use intergenerationally linked Swedish register data combined with entropy balance and structural nested mean models for the analyses. The data allow us to track 400,000 children over 14 years and thereby test different life-course models of cross-over effects. We identify involuntary job losses using information on workplace closures, thus reducing the risk of confounding. Results show that paternal but not maternal job loss significantly increases the risk of psychotropic drug use among children, that the average effects are modest in size (less than 4% in relative terms), that they may persist for up to five years, and that they are driven by children aged 6–10 years. Moreover, cumulative exposure to multiple job losses are more harmful than zero or one job loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000182/pdfft?md5=c24ed983e7a55c41d8c8591b836ada77&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A crisis in the life course? Pregnancy loss impacts fertility desires and intentions","authors":"Samira Beringer,&nbsp;Nadja Milewski","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>An unintended spontaneous termination of a pregnancy can be a traumatic experience affecting the subsequent life course, but has received little attention in socio-demographic studies on fertility intentions or behavior. The theoretical background of our study draws on considerations from life course research, the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Traits-Desires-Intentions-Behavior framework.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study investigates whether the experience of pregnancy loss changes the fertility desires and intentions of women in their subsequent life course.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We use 11 waves of the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) with 5197 women in total, of which 281 women (5.4%) reported a miscarriage. Data have been collected annually in Germany since 2008. We investigate four dependent variables capturing different indicators of the ideational dimension of fertility: <em>Personal ideal number of children</em>, <em>realistic number of (additional) children</em>, <em>intention to have a(nother) child in the next two years</em> and <em>importance of having a(nother) child.</em> We study the intrapersonal changes in these items among women after a pregnancy loss, applying linear fixed effect regression models. Controls include parity, age, partnership status, pregnancy status and the interaction of pregnancy loss with whether the woman already had children before the pregnancy loss.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that the <em>importance of having a(nother) child</em> and <em>the intention to have a(nother) child in the next two years</em> increase after a pregnancy loss. These patterns can only partially be explained by control variables. By contrast, an effect on the <em>ideal number of children</em> as well as the <em>realistic number of children</em> could not be found. The patterns varied, however, across age and stage in the life course, most importantly between mothers and childless women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results demonstrate that the effect of pregnancy loss on the subsequent life course varies across the indicators used and by duration after the pregnancy loss. Overall, they suggest that specifically the younger women in our sample might perceive pregnancy loss as a temporary crisis in their transition to motherhood, or to having another child, and as an impetus to reinforce their fertility goals, while for older respondents this might mark the end of their fertility career. Against the backdrop of rising ages at childbirth, future research on fertility and reproductive health care should pay more attention to reproductive complications and how affected women can be supported in coping with them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparate benefits of higher childhood socioeconomic status on cognition in young adulthood by intersectional social positions","authors":"Addam Reynolds ,&nbsp;Emily A. Greenfield ,&nbsp;Lenna Nepomnyaschy","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Emerging evidence supports the protective effects of higher childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) on cognition over the life course. However, less understood is if higher cSES confers benefits equally across intersecting social positions. Guided by a situational intersectionality perspective and the theory of Minority Diminished Returns (MDR), this study examined the extent to which associations between cSES and cognition in young adulthood are jointly moderated by racialized identity and region of childhood residence.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we used multilevel modeling to test associations between cSES and delayed recall and working memory 14 years later when participants were ages 25–34. Further, we examined the influence of racialized identity and region of childhood residence on these associations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Higher cSES was associated with higher delayed recall and working memory scores across social positions. However, the strength of the association between higher cSES and working memory differed across racialized subgroups and region of childhood residence. We found a statistically significant three-way interaction between cSES, race and region of childhood residence. Of particular important, a small yet statistically robust association was found in all groups, but was especially strong among White Southerners and especially weak among Black participants from the South.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study contributes to a growing body of research indicating that the protective effects of higher cSES on cognition are not universal across subgroups of intersecting social positions, consistent with the theory of MDR. These findings provide evidence for the importance of considering the role of systemic racism across geographic contexts as part of initiatives to promote equity in life course cognitive aging and brain health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family structure transitions and educational outcomes: Explaining heterogeneity by parental education in Germany","authors":"Kristina Lindemann","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent research has documented that the effect of parental separation on children’s educational outcomes depends on socioeconomic background. Yet, parental separation could lead to a stable single-parent family or to a further transition to a stepfamily. Little is known about how the effect of family structure transitions on educational outcomes depends on the education of parents and stepparents, and there has been limited empirical research into the mechanisms that explain heterogeneity in the effects of family transitions. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and models with entropy balancing and sibling fixed effects, I explore the heterogeneous effects of family transitions during early and middle childhood on academic secondary school track attendance, grades and aspirations. I find that family transitions only reduce the academic school track attendance among children of less educated parents living in stepfamilies or with a single mother after parental separation, and among children of highly educated fathers living in single-mother families. The mechanisms that partly explain these effects relate to reduced income and exposure to poverty after parental separation. The findings underscore the importance of considering the stepparent's educational level, indicating that the adverse consequences of parental separation on educational outcomes are mitigated when a highly educated stepfather becomes part of the family. Overall, these findings align more closely with the resource perspective than the family stability perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000212/pdfft?md5=034495924fe29b646ef7b4f5e65f88d3&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140309078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development","authors":"Markus Vogelbacher ,&nbsp;Thorsten Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study examines whether parental emotional distress during the first pandemic-related school shutdown in 2020 in Germany affected the development of primary school students’ mathematical skills and investigates changes in parents’ working conditions as triggers of cascading stress processes.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Family Stress Model (FSM) explains the mechanisms that mediate between families’ structural conditions and children's developmental outcomes. Foundational works for this approach focus on historic events that instigate rapid structural changes which, in turn, undermine families' economic situation. The economic losses trigger stress processes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic reports heightened levels of parental stress and negative impacts on children's cognitive and socioemotional development. This study examines the role of parental emotional distress during the COVID-19 shutdown on children's cognitive development. Expanding on the classical FSM, we hypothesize that changes in parents' working situation, rather than economic changes, may have triggered family stress processes during the shutdown, as federal support largely cushioned economic cutbacks in Germany.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>For the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), interviews were conducted with parents, and primary school students in Starting Cohort 1 were tested after the first shutdown in 2020. The database provides rich information from survey waves prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing a longitudinal analysis of a sample of 1512 primary school students with ordinary least squares regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Parents’ emotional distress during the pandemic had a robust negative effect on students’ mathematical skills, even when controlling for prior parenting stress. Changes in parents’ working conditions also had an effect on children’s test scores, and the negative effect of working from home on the test scores was mediated by parents’ emotional distress.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic was a historic event which, at least in Germany, challenged the mental health of many parents and, in turn, impaired the skill development of primary school students. We introduce the role of changes in working conditions as triggers of such processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000200/pdfft?md5=3f881866d048398846f654879bfe5afb&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140328684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partner’s unemployment and subjective well-being: The mediating role of relationship functioning","authors":"Jonas Voßemer ,&nbsp;Anna Baranowska-Rataj ,&nbsp;Stefanie Heyne ,&nbsp;Katharina Loter","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unemployment affects not only the subjective well-being of the individual, but also that of the partner. Based on the life course perspective and the spillover-crossover-model, we examine the mediating role of relationship functioning for such crossover effects of partner’s unemployment on subjective well-being. We also test whether gender differences in the mechanism of relationship functioning can explain the larger overall crossover effects on women compared to men. We use data from the German Family Panel pairfam (2008/09–2018/19), which provide more direct and comprehensive measures of relationship functioning than previous research, and allow us to examine couples’ communication and interactions, their conflict styles and behaviors, relationship satisfaction, and perceived relationship instability as mediators. To analyze the impact of the partner’s transition to unemployment on subjective well-being, we use fixed effects panel regression models and the product method of mediation analysis to estimate the indirect effects of relationship functioning. The results show that a partner’s transition to unemployment has a negative impact on one’s own well-being. The effects are more pronounced for women than men which can be partly explained by gender-specific effects of the partner’s unemployment on various aspects of relationship functioning, rather than by differential effects of the latter on one’s own well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000170/pdfft?md5=e3f8681d1edeb48caa6f152b23e02800&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjust for non-ignorable panel attrition in the analysis of leaving the parental home","authors":"Yusi Luo ,&nbsp;Jamil Nur ,&nbsp;Ying Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leaving the parental home is an important life event that has received significant attention in the literature. Research on this topic relies heavily on panel data; however, panel data faces the issue of serious non-ignorable panel attrition associated with leaving the parental home. This paper addresses this issue using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) as a case study. It introduces an adjustment procedure that combines panel gap imputation via the next observation carried backward and inverse probability weighting based on the retrieved information about leaving the parental home. The results show that this adjustment method yields more precise model estimates for leaving the parental home, and after the adjustment, the positive marginal effects of age and living with non-biological parents, as well as the negative marginal effects of Asian ethnicity and regional house prices, become more pronounced. This adjustment method has the potential to be applied to address non-ignorable panel attrition associated with other events in different panel data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to retirement in West Germany: Does divorce matter?","authors":"Sarah Schmauk","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to explore how divorce is linked to pathways to retirement in West Germany and to understand whether and how patterns are gendered. Using German pension insurance data, I employ sequence and cluster analysis to map and group pathways to retirement of women and men who retired in 2018. Pathways to retirement are defined based on monthly pension insurance histories from age 50 to 65. I find nine distinct pathways to retirement, ranging from unemployment to stable low to high income pathways and to an early retirement pathway through the reduced-earnings-capacity pension, the latter representing 9.3% of the sample. Based on multinomial logistic regression models, I analyse how marital status, distinguishing between divorced and (re)married, was related to different pathways to retirement. The results show that divorced people were more likely than married people to retire through indirect and unstable pathways to retirement characterised by early exit from the labour market and receipt of reduced-earnings-capacity pensions and/or unemployment benefits. Whereas the relationship between divorce and pathways to retirement seemed to be overall unfavourable for men, the results for women are more ambiguous. Divorced women were also more likely to retire through a stable high-income pathway than married women. Nevertheless, the results suggest that divorce is associated with an early retirement pathway through the reduced-earnings-capacity pension for both women and men.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569490924000066/pdfft?md5=a62c90f6435f22b49e4b5534ad5bad84&pid=1-s2.0-S1569490924000066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}