儿童时期较高的社会经济地位对青年时期认知能力的不同益处取决于社会地位的交叉性

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100608

Addam Reynolds , Emily A. Greenfield , Lenna Nepomnyaschy

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的越来越多的证据表明，较高的童年社会经济地位（cSES）对人一生的认知具有保护作用。然而，人们对较高的社会经济地位是否能为不同社会地位的人带来同样的益处却知之甚少。本研究以情境交叉性视角和少数群体收益递减理论（MDR）为指导，考察了种族化身份和童年居住地区在多大程度上共同调节了 cSES 与青年期认知之间的关联。方法利用全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究（Add Health）的数据，我们使用多层次建模来检验 14 年后参与者 25-34 岁时 cSES 与延迟回忆和工作记忆之间的关联。此外，我们还研究了种族化身份和童年居住地区对这些关联的影响。结果在不同的社会地位中，较高的 cSES 与较高的延迟回忆和工作记忆得分相关。然而，在不同的种族亚群和童年居住地区，较高的 cSES 与工作记忆之间的关联强度有所不同。我们发现，cSES、种族和童年居住地区三者之间存在统计学意义上的交互作用。尤其重要的是，我们在所有群体中都发现了一种微小但在统计上稳健的关联，但这种关联在南方白人中尤为明显，而在来自南方的黑人参与者中则尤为微弱。结论这项研究为越来越多的研究做出了贡献，这些研究表明，较高的社会经济地位对认知的保护作用在社会地位交叉的亚群体中并不具有普遍性，这与 MDR 理论是一致的。这些发现证明，在促进生命过程中认知老化和大脑健康的公平性的过程中，必须考虑不同地域背景下系统性种族主义的作用。

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Disparate benefits of higher childhood socioeconomic status on cognition in young adulthood by intersectional social positions

Objectives

Emerging evidence supports the protective effects of higher childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) on cognition over the life course. However, less understood is if higher cSES confers benefits equally across intersecting social positions. Guided by a situational intersectionality perspective and the theory of Minority Diminished Returns (MDR), this study examined the extent to which associations between cSES and cognition in young adulthood are jointly moderated by racialized identity and region of childhood residence.

Methods

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we used multilevel modeling to test associations between cSES and delayed recall and working memory 14 years later when participants were ages 25–34. Further, we examined the influence of racialized identity and region of childhood residence on these associations.

Results

Higher cSES was associated with higher delayed recall and working memory scores across social positions. However, the strength of the association between higher cSES and working memory differed across racialized subgroups and region of childhood residence. We found a statistically significant three-way interaction between cSES, race and region of childhood residence. Of particular important, a small yet statistically robust association was found in all groups, but was especially strong among White Southerners and especially weak among Black participants from the South.

Conclusions

This study contributes to a growing body of research indicating that the protective effects of higher cSES on cognition are not universal across subgroups of intersecting social positions, consistent with the theory of MDR. These findings provide evidence for the importance of considering the role of systemic racism across geographic contexts as part of initiatives to promote equity in life course cognitive aging and brain health.

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来源期刊

Advances in Life Course Research SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

2.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： Advances in Life Course Research publishes articles dealing with various aspects of the human life course. Seeing life course research as an essentially interdisciplinary field of study, it invites and welcomes contributions from anthropology, biosocial science, demography, epidemiology and statistics, gerontology, economics, management and organisation science, policy studies, psychology, research methodology and sociology. Original empirical analyses, theoretical contributions, methodological studies and reviews accessible to a broad set of readers are welcome.