Population最新文献

{"title":"Impact of labor migration on human capital and GRP of Russian regions","authors":"E. Tukhtarova","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analysis of the impact of external labor migration on human capital and GRP that indirectly reflects the labor demand in Russian regions. The results of the study showed the contradictions that have developed in the Russian regions: demand for skilled labor and shortage of labor resources, which is covered by low-skilled labor migration. As a result, a negative trend is developing — segmentation of labor markets in regions where two parallel demands for skilled and low-skilled labor are formed. The study recorded a positive relationship between the number of migrant workers and GRP, which indicates a steady demand for foreign labor force (FLF). Along with this, the impact of migrant workers on human capital in the Russian regions has undergone significant changes, and not all regions have received and receive a positive contribution from foreign labor force. Also, the results of the study confirmed not only the important role of labor migration for human capital, but also confirmed the hypothesis that labor migration has a positive impact on human capital by enhancing its qualitative characteristics in difficult or critical moments of the development of Russian regions, and therefore the demand for labor migration will continue in the medium term. In essence, labor migration, human capital and GRP are communicating vessels. The conclusion is made about underestimation of the program of voluntary compatriots' resettlement, which had a positive effect on the development of regional economies in 2014. In view of this, the author believes that the program needs a serious revision in order to attract skilled labor migration and increase the human potential of the country.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer behavior of Russians: opportunities and priorities","authors":"S. Makar, A. Yarasheva","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the dynamics of changes in the volume of monetary income as a means for life of Russians, including implementation of their consumption priorities. It shows distribution of the population's expenditures on consumption of food and non-food products, alcoholic beverages and payment for services. The analysis is based on government statistics on 20 percent income groups, it covers a four-year period, including two years on the eve of the coronavirus pandemic and two years of its development. In the structure of the use of monetary income of the entire (without breakdown into groups) population (2018-2021) are analyzed indicators characterizing changes not only in the purchase of goods and services, but also in the increase/decrease in savings, which act as a reserve for future consumer opportunities. There are identified differences in the change in the share of household spending on food and services in the overall structure of consumer spending by macro-regions of Russia — Federal districts. From the standpoint of macro-regional differentiation in the structure of the use of monetary income for a ten-year period, the emphasis is placed on the purchase of goods and payment for services in Russia as a whole, and especially on the active growth in the Far Eastern and North Caucasus macro-regions. The share of expenses for the purchase of a number of the most important food products in household consumer spending is considered by decile income groups. A comparative analysis of the least and most affluent groups of the population is carried out within the frames of the specified directions reflecting priorities in the consumer behavior of the Russian population.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical tourism as a factor in the effective use of the regional health care potential","authors":"N. Krivenko, A. Tsvetkov, D. Kicha","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"The growing importance of inbound medical tourism worldwide requires an examination of its effective organisation. The author's position based on the need to assess the existing potential of regional health care for development of medical tourism is substantiated. The concepts of system economics, organisational development, marketing, benchmarking were used as a theoretical and methodological basis for this research. Integrative and multilevel approaches, statistical review, comparative analysis and the method of economic parameters were applied for analysing foreign and Russian experience in the development of medical tourism, as well as for creating the authors' own approach. In order to develop medical tourism, as well as high-tech medical and health resort services in Russia, the study proposes a versatile approach to assessing the effective use of the regional health care potential. It includes methods of economic parameters and rapid analysis for examining the population satisfaction with provided services and determining their export volume. Analysis of health care in Sverdlovsk oblast revealed potential opportunities for exporting high-tech medical services at the regional level. The authors' approach was tested on health care data of Sverdlovsk oblast for 2018-2020. The obtained indicators of the use of the regional health care potential have not reached the target values in both pre-pandemic and pandemic periods: 75% in 2018, 74% in 2019, 53% in 2020. Therefore, on the one hand, effective use of the regional health care potential will contribute to increased satisfaction of the population with high-tech medical and health resort services. On the other hand, it will develop medical tourism as an additional source of income. The proposed author's approach makes it possible at the regional level to objectively assess the effectiveness of using the health care potential, population satisfaction with the provision of high-tech medical care, sanatorium and resort services, and to predict export of medical services.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45266186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interaction between Life expectancy and gross domestic product by countries","authors":"M. Bedanokov, E. Morgunov, S. Chernyavsky","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article puts forward a hypothesis about the resultant nature of the indicator \"life expectancy\"; all other socio-economic indicators of the country's development are significant or insignificant factors. In order to test this hypothesis, the methodology of analysis of the countries of the world was described, an analytical and statistical analysis of life expectancy, gross domestic product per capita for the countries of the world was carried out; and on this basis, an assessment of the impact of real per capita GDP on life expectancy is given using the method of grouping, correlation and regression analysis. It is established that, in general, the relationship between them is positive and has a moderate character. It can be stated that real GDP per capita is an important, but most likely far from the most significant factor in ensuring high life expectancy, and further studies of the factors influencing life expectancy are required. At the same time, it was found that it is worth considering separately countries with high and very high levels and countries with medium and low levels of life expectancy and real GDP per capita, since the statistical relationship of the analyzed indicators in 2020 is somewhat different: in countries where GDP is above $13000, life expectancy is above 75 years, to increase life expectancy by 1 year, you need to increase GDP by $14000, and in countries below these values, an increase in GDP of only $5000 can lead to an increase in life expectancy by 1 year. The study also identified critical values (2020) for life expectancy and real GDP per capita. They respectively amounted to 69.20 years (first quartile), 75.50 years (median) and per capita GDP of $5050 and $13300 respectively. In this regard, it turns out that Russia belongs to countries with an average level of development in terms of life expectancy (LE - 72 years or the 158th place in the rating out of 227), in terms of GDP — to highly developed countries (per capita GDP — $26500 or the 70th place in the rating out of227). The example of Russia is a vivid illustration of the fact that the relationship between life expectancy and GDP is statistical and moderate.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47568656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of environmental behavior of the population","authors":"E. Ryumina","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological behavior of the population in everyday life is considered as one of the main characteristics of human potential. Therefore, were identified indicators separating the use of natural resources and environmental protection in production and in everyday life. The condition for selection of indicators was the possibility of their statistical support. As a result, the indicators of solid household waste generation and household water consumption per capita were selected to formalize the ecological behavior of the population. The issues of waste management, which have recently been raised to the forefront in environmental issues, are mainly studied in technical, technological, organizational, and economic aspects. At the same time, much less attention is paid to the process of formation and volume of household waste among the population. A strong differentiation of solid household waste generation per person by Russian regions is shown. Another indicator of the ecological behavior of the population considered in the article is the volume of water consumption in everyday life per capita. A number of indicators have been found reflecting the volume of water consumption in everyday life, which vary greatly in quantity, since they have different contents and are calculated according to different methods. The choice of the indicator of the use of fresh water for household needs per person is based on the availability of information about it in statistical collections by Russian regions. Multiple discrepancies in the values of this indicator are found out not only in the regions of different Federal districts, but also often in neighboring regions of the same district.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45457977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth rates of the Buryatian and Russian population of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the 1960s: trends and specifics","authors":"O. Dashinamzhilov, V. Lygdenova","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the paper is to identify the specifics of demographic modernization on the example of the Russian and Buryatian population in the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialistic Republic in the late 1950s-1960s. It is necessary to point that the demographic process among the Buryats started much later than among the Russians, around the end of the 1940s. It followed the Japanese-Mexican model, according to which at the first stage of transition, parallel to decrease of mortality, the rates of birth temporarily increase, as confirmed by statistical data. The transition to the second stage started in the second half of the 1960s. At the same time, the third stage started among the Russian population as in the RSFSR on the whole, although with some delay. The specifics of the demographic development of the peoples under consideration can be found as a result of the analysis of the birth rates that were essentially higher among the Buryats than among the Russians during the period under review. The Buryats had the high level of birth rates due to domination of the traditional life styles, economic activity, social structure, and due to low development of urbanization. The article shows that such a trend of social development was characteristic of all peoples and countries that were at the beginning of demographic transit. Industrialization changed a lot in the traditional way of life and also made impact not only on the economy or culture, but also on the demographic transit. At first, mortality decreased and then birth rates dropped that resulted in lower data for several historical stages. Nevertheless, the new type of reproduction among the peoples of the USSR went in different ways that had an impact on their population dynamics. To sum up, the specifics of demographic development of the peoples under research were reflected in the birth rates of urban and suburban population.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43796152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for the development of single-industry towns in the Russian Arctic","authors":"M. Pitukhina, A. Belykh","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"Currently single-industry Arctic towns are facing a number of troublesome demographic trends: decline in the share of youth in the population structure, ageing of the population and reduction of the labor force in the labor market, general depopulation particularly characteristic of sparsely populated settlements. Concentration of people in big cities and \"dying\" of small towns in the Arctic are accompanied by huge demographic changes and increasing migration. Our study allows a comprehensive approach to studying 18 single-industry Arctic towns and settlements of the Russian Federation. The research is based on the methodology for assessment of demographic potential of territories developed by RAS Corresponding Member N. M. Rimashevskaya. Statistical data on single-industry Arctic towns and settlements was accumulated from Rosstat open sources for the period 2011-2020. These data concerned mainly demography, migration and labor market. Analysis of vacancies at three leading recruiting agencies of the Russian Federation — trudvsem, superjob, headhunter — helped to identify top-5 occupations in the Arctic single-industry towns. The occupations in demand were represented by both the number of vacancies the range of wages. Arctic residents' problems in 18 Arctic towns over the past year (starting from January 2021) were also analyzed via social networks. About 50 groups of VKontakte social network were examined to identify the main problems of concern to Arctic residents. These concerns can be divided into 3 types — social, economic and environmental. There are also some positive practices in the Arctic single-industry towns and settlements, such as volunteering and career guidance that gives hope for continuation of life there. In conclusion, there are put forward proposals to improve the system of management of sustainable development and modernization of the single-industry Arctic towns.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44439257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint research of the innovative development and quality of life of region on the example of the Far Eastern Federal District","authors":"N. Egorov, S. Pavlova","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study is the socio-economic system \"innovative development of region - quality of life of the population\". The aim of the work is to identify the degree of relationship between the innovative development and the standards of living of the population in regions. The study is based on the application of standard methods of data collection and processing, correlation analysis and rating assessment. Official data from statistical collections and official sources of rating assessments of the quality of life and innovative development of regions were used as an information base. The analysis and evaluation were carried out on the example of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The results of the rating assessment by the value of the Russian Regional Innovation Index (RRII) showed the leading positions of Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai and the Buryatia Republic. The average value of RRII in the Far Eastern Federal District is almost 2 times less than that of the leader — Moscow and is generally characterized by a low level of innovative development. According to the latest data of the Human Development Index (HDI) rating, Russia ranks 52nd among other countries of the world. The results of a comparative assessment of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District with the HDI levels of other countries are presented in the article. It was found out that three leaders (Sakhalin Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Kamchatka Krai) have higher values of the Quality of Life Index (QLI) than in Russia as a whole, and six regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are characterized by an average level of the quality of life of the population. The results of the correlation analysis showed a moderate degree of relationship between the RRI and the QLI, that allows us to use standard regression formulas for modeling predictive estimates of the impact of innovative development on improving the level and quality of life of the population in regions.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42868029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis and socio-economic condition of single-industry towns","authors":"I. Shneiderman, S. Sharov","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"Crisis single-industry towns will remain in the foreseeable historical perspective an acute socio-economic problem both in Russia and in the rest of the world. The emergence of single-industry towns started in the beginning of the 18th century due to deep historical, geographical and socio-economic causes connected with development of territories and new types of economic activity, and single-industry towns themselves also contributed to emergence of social ideas and transformations. Dependence of the life of a town on one enterprise often related to the extractive sector, remote location of the town means increased risks for the socio-economic situation. In this respect, Russian cities do not differ from foreign ones. In Russia, at the official level, both the criteria for classifying settlements as single-industry towns and the methods of working with them are still evolving. The palette of solutions to the crisis of single-industry towns is well developed, but the complex nature of the problem leads to lack of ready-made solutions that guarantee success. The key point is elaborating the strategy for development of single-industry town with appropriate investment support mechanisms or, in some cases, even making a decision to close up the settlement and switch, for example, to a rotational method of work on the territory. The transition to sustainable development of single-industry towns requires coordinated efforts of all participants and stakeholders: business, local authorities and population, and significant political will of the state, while the Federation must fill in the gaps in the competence of regional authorities, if any. In this article the typology of single-industry towns and solutions is considered in the context of their genesis, the processes of transformation of modern economy and evolution in the perception of single-industry towns by society. Such approach should contribute to a more meaningful perception and decision-making leading to a long-term progressive improvement of the situation.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42257842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive strategies of Russian women: results of the pilot survey","authors":"N. Rusanova, Anna Ozhiganova","doi":"10.19181/population.2022.25.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The sphere of reproduction as an integral part of the health of population today is medicalized at all stages of the formation of reproductive decisions — from conception to childbirth. The choice of reproductive strategies is influenced by two polar trends: the increasing importance of innovative methods of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and medically-associated reproduction (MAR), on the one hand, and the growing popularity of traditional methods of pregnancy and childbirth management based on folk healing, yoga, oriental medicine and health improving practices, homeopathy, popular psychology and so on., on the other. Thus, two sides of procreative behavior manifest themselves: both the patterns reflecting a biomedical approach based on scientific innovations and the social behavioral models related to public perceptions of health, well-being and gender roles in the society. The article presents the results of a pilot survey of women of reproductive age (n=54) conducted in April 2022 via an electronic questionnaire. The study focused on two topics: ART (awareness and attitude to various ART programs) and pregnancy and childbirth (perception of different forms of preparation for childbirth, the preferred form of childbirth, attitude to medical interventions in the birth process). Data analysis showed that women's reproductive intentions remain medicalized and take into account the possibilities of ART. Also, the results of the survey confirm the growing demand for humanization of maternity care, which is reflected in the desire of women to carefully approach organization of their own childbirth and team of assistants, to attend courses for expectant parents, be more informed and comprehensively prepared.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47743706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}