Population最新文献

{"title":"Features of employment in a singleindustry town on the example of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod oblast","authors":"A. Kulikova, V. Mikhailova, Yulia Klemyatich, M. Teodorovich","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the main features of the labor market in Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, analyzes employment strategies of the population from different property groups. Due to its geographical location, socio-demographic structure, Pavlovo was chosen as an example of a typical small town in the European part of Russia. The article presents the results of sociological survey conducted in 2011 and 2021. The 2011 survey was carried out by the Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the FCTAS RAS (Moscow) and Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod (Nizhny Novgorod) with participation of the universities of Glasgow (Scotland) and Uppsala (Sweden). The 2021 survey — by the Center for the Study of Social Systems, the Department of Sociology of Project Activity and Pro-Competitive Regulation of the Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod., the universities of Glasgow (Scotland), Uppsala (Sweden) with the support of the Scientific Information Center, Nizhny Novgorod. As a result of the cluster analysis, four social groups were identified that differ from each other in socio-economic characteristics and strategies of behavior in the labor market. The relationship between the level of education and the position on the labor market is clearly visible. In the group of affluent households, there are more people who have higher education. Higher education and qualification level allow one to occupy higher-paying positions, diversify career strategies even in a single-industry city. While in low-income families, the share of those who are employed in the industrial sector, in particular, at the city-forming enterprise, is higher. Affluent households show the greatest economic activity, while combining additional ways of earning with the main specialty. It is important to note that the lower the family income level, the less often they use the opportunities for additional earnings. People of retirement age, while maintaining an average level of economic activity and sufficient labor potential (education, skill level), are quite severely limited in employment opportunities. Factors reducing the material well-being of family are the presence of minor children, the position of a single parent, the status of a pensioner. Those living alone are also often low-income, especially women.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital inequality and directions for overcoming it in the context of human capital development","authors":"I. Troyan, L. Kravchenko, E. Gindes","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to study of the conceptual aspects of digital inequality. The authors conducted an interdisciplinary analysis of this category. They reviewed the main approaches to understanding digital inequality. The definition of digital inequality has been clarified as a difference in access to digital opportunities in social, economic, political-demographic, cultural, educational and other areas that exist or deepen as a result of incomplete, uneven or insufficient access to information and communication, computer, telecommunications and digital technologies.There were examined conceptual components of the digital inequality: socio-economic access, competencies, knowledge and skills, psychological and motivational factors, digital literacy and culture, price, speed, content and quality of information and communication technologies and digital resources, infrastructure, institutional structure and political structure. The authors express and substantiate their position concerning the significant role of the digital divide in higher education in the formation of human capital and improvement of the population quality of life. It is proposed to understand the digital inequality in higher education as differences in access, quality of use and in the resulting effects of digital resources, information and communication technologies and the Internet in the learning process. There was made analysis of the digital divide in higher education in the context of a three-level research model for this category. The authors considered the opportunities and barriers to digitalization of higher education in the Russian Federation. They also identified characteristic drivers of the growing digital inequality and directions for reducing it the field of higher education, and namely: infrastructural, socially motivational, institutional. The practical significance of the study is related to the possibility and necessity of using the proposed activities in universities, regional and Federal development programs.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47054923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Section “Economic culture and economic behavior of population on the eve of the super crisis: how to get out of the rut?” at the XII International sociological Grushin conference","authors":"O. Aleksandrova, A. Yarasheva","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiative budgeting as a mechanism for raising the quality of life of the population","authors":"E. Frolova, O. Rogach, P. Razov","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The sufficiency of social infrastructure facilities and their effective functioning in a particular area is one of the conditions for improving the quality of life of the population. The financial insufficiency of regional and local budgets actualizes the search for new tools to raise funds for the development of territorial infrastructure that ensures creation of decent living conditions for the population. One of these tools is mechanism of initiative budgeting. The results of the study showed a contradiction between the recognition of the undoubted advantages of this mechanism (solving acute territorial problems, leverage on the authorities, creating a platform for dialogue) in the assessments of the population and the lack of readiness of residents to be included in new financial initiatives. The key limitations to the implementation of initiative budgeting projects are the following: lack of information support, low level of awareness of residents about the problems of territorial development, distancing from local self-government practices. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents are ready to get involved in solving the socio-economic problems of the territory if they affect the personal interests of individuals. Under the current conditions, it seems necessary to improve information and communication activities aimed at popularizing the mechanism of initiative budgeting, building social cohesion of local communities, developing the territorial identity of citizens, integrating the efforts of the authorities and the population in solving socially significant problems of the territory.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41473723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender features of developing financial literacy of Russian university students","authors":"S. Reznik, M. Chernikovskaya, O. Sazykina","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows the relevance of studying gender differences in the formation of financial literacy of student youth. A review of studies on various aspects of the formation of financial literacy of Russians is given. In particular, student youth as a group of the population that makes up the development potential of Russia was considered. The article justifies the need to study the processes of forming financial literacy of student youth during their studies based on the future roles and tasks of the life of men and women in Russia. There are identified the main factors that form financial literacy of Russian university students: setting life goals and priorities for life activities of youth; planning and implementation of personal student budget; culture of financial behavior. It has been established that the student youth of Russian universities for the most part has significant reserves to improve the financial literacy. The differences in students’ gender characteristics — male and female — in the process of forming their financial literacy are presented. In particular, girls, due to a more responsible approach to education, are ready to spend additional time for their development in the financial sphere by attending elective classes. Female students (55.4%) are more interested in studying personal budget planning technologies and are more confident in the importance of forming their life goals already at the stage of studying at the university, while more than half of male students (53.5%) do not even think about forming life goals. Female students are more focused on strict accounting of income and expenses, among male students the practice of maintaining clear accounting of income and expenses is less common: 23.5% of them do not keep records, do not know how much money they had and how much was spent for a month. Female students are almost one and a half times more likely than male students first to postpone something for large purchases, and to spend the remained money on current needs. 46.7% of students do not save money, among them there are four times more boys than girls. The identified gender features should be used in organizing the educational process in universities, within teaching disciplines aimed at forming the universal competence of students — economic culture, including financial literacy.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42696192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seminar “Economy for a person: education, healthcare, culture” at the VIII Saint-Petersburg international economic congress (SPEC‑2023)","authors":"O. Aleksandrova, A. Yarasheva","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43725212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unemployment of parents — one of the poverty causes in families with children","authors":"I. Korchagina, L. Prokofieva","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Families with children in Russia are at high risk of poverty. The economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic and the sanctions imposed in spring 2022 make social policy a priority. It is necessary to pay a stronger attention to groups of population at higher risk of poverty. In recent years the support for families with children has been strengthened and the circle of potential recipients of assistance expanded (raising the age of children, lifting restrictions on the type of family). Additional support measures provided to families with children to reduce the negative effects of the crisis helped to alleviate the severity of poverty but did not change the position of families with children on the welfare scale, they are still the largest group of the poor (according to Rosstat they make 80% of all poor households). It seems important to identify the main factors of poverty of families with children, which include, not least, the limited employment of parents. The main purpose of the study is to show, using the data of the statistical survey (HBS-2019), the scale of unemployment and its impact on families with children as well as gender characteristics of the phenomenon of unemployment. Financial assistance to families with children should be combined with work to activate the actions of families for self-sufficiency.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47299420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence and depopulation processes in the Center-Periphery system","authors":"V. Zhulego, A. Balyakin, M. Sorokin","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes advancement of a stratum demographic model characterized by the presence of two strata — the Center and the Periphery, which are different in respects of their way of life, development level and social values. The processes of convergence and depopulation in the heterogeneous system of the Center-Periphery type were studied. Various variants of “catch-up development” of the Periphery are considered within the framework of numerical simulation. Modes of economic growth that contribute to the convergence of income levels in the countries of the Center and the Periphery are indicated, depending on the value of the characteristic time of convergence. There are identified the regimes of a stable and supposedly irreversible depopulation of the Periphery. It is shown that economic participation of the Center in changing the situation in the Periphery countries might be necessary to achieve economic convergence for maintaining the stability of the entire system. As an explanatory principle of the observed phenomena, the institutional trap concept is proposed. A number of socio-economic interpretations of the dynamics of the Center-Periphery system as well as the possibility of the System behavior control by appropriate management decisions are discussed on the results of computer modeling. Further development of the proposed model may include studying other scenarios of economic interaction and taking into account additional demographic and migration parameters in the equations of economic growth.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45197272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors of influence on the financial behavior of the population of Russia: the 3D effect","authors":"N. Alikperova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian economy and financial market are facing a wide range of challenges under the unprecedented sanctions pressure. The anti-crisis measures promptly taken by the Bank of Russia and the Government of the Russian Federation stabilized the situation, focusing the agenda on the restoration and further development of the Russian economy and financial market in the new realities. Considering that the extraordinary change in circumstances is likely to last for a long time and will have structural consequences, it is necessary to develop systemic solutions for development of the Russian economy and the financial market, to reorient the economy on innovative tracks in order to ensure technological sovereignty. For such a transition in the context of the reduction of the country’s investment potential, “long money” plays a significant role, as President of Russia Vladimir Putin has repeatedly said. A promising way to solve the problem can be savings of the population, as one of the possible significant sources of investment resources for effective restructuring and improvement of the domestic economy. However, it is important to understand whether there are conditions today for the formation of savings by the population and opportunities for their further investment in the country’s economy. The current socio-economic situation of the country, as well as the state of the financial market, reflects the possibility of implementing various models of financial behavior of the population, due to such factors as income, trust and affordability, which are reflected in the “3D effect”. The author singled out these factors as fundamental in the formation of an individual’s economic behavior program when it comes to the available resource potential, as well as the environment in which the program is implemented. In the course of the study, it was found out that the components of the “3D effect” reflect negative trends in the formation of the financial behavior of citizens, in particular, their savings and investment strategies. In this connection, there are acute questions related to ensuring a qualitatively new level of the resource base, as well as the environment.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67974760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for use of the Internet by the older generation","authors":"K. Galkin, O. Parfenova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the data of semi-structured in-depth interviews, strategies for use of the Internet by older people are considered. The theoretical perspective of the study consisted of studies on the use of the Internet and information technologies by older people, actor-network theory in the context of the use of computer by the elderly and the elements of integration of older people into the use of the Internet from the objectification and conversion of the Senior Technology Acceptance Model (STAM). Older people appear in the field of technology research as a specific group of Internet users with their characteristic experience of mastering the meanings and roles of the Internet in everyday life. It is noted that development of the Internet by older people is reflexive and involves a number of difficulties. The empirical basis of the study is semi-structured interviews with people over 60 years of age from St. Petersburg, the Republic of Karelia, Tyumen and Salekhard (n=36). Based on the conducted research, we identified 4 strategies for the use of the Internet by older people: information consumption strategy; communication strategy; resource use strategy; rejection strategy. The main differences in the identified strategies are motivation and goals when using the Internet. The passage of the stages from objectification (intention to use) to conversion (making a final decision on further use) depends on the type of Internet resources — in the case of communication and information consumption, acceptance occurs quickly, unlike more specialized Internet services and applications. The main barriers are age, availability of professional employment and its specifics, social environment and family, availability of a smartphone. Drivers and sources of competencies for using the Internet are close relatives and special courses. Active professionals under the age of 75 tend to use the maximum number of Internet opportunities, including for professional purposes. The strategies highlighted in the study can be used both for further research in the field of interaction of older people and their communication on the Internet and as practical data for improving the quality of work and integration of older people into the Internet.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44753456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}