{"title":"Introduction: Revisiting Security in the Post-Yugoslav Space. Non-State Actors as Allies of Russian Foreign Policy","authors":"Vladimir Vučković, Vladimir Đorđević","doi":"10.1177/08883254261423524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254261423524","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has significantly changed the international security environment, highlighting the need for democracies to assist Ukraine in resisting the invasion and to bolster their defenses against the Kremlin’s aggressive posture. Russia’s hybrid war efforts have come under greater scrutiny after the invasion, indicating the growing need to understand and respond to Moscow’s attempts to challenge and weaken the liberal order internationally. It is against this ideational background that we produced this special section dedicated to the post-Yugoslav space, a part of Europe where Russian presence has for years been noticeable. Russia’s foothold in the region has facilitated this area of Europe becoming a space where illiberal, anti-Western narratives and agendas have become embedded into the regional mainstream (political, social, and/or media spaces). To go against the grain of top-down deliberations, these articles assume a bottom-up approach of focusing on the role of non-state actors (NSAs), whose role in Russia’s hybrid warfare in the region has remained understudied. Our case studies are guided by a single theoretical framework, bringing evidence from BiH (Republika Srpska), Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. This introduction provides context and rationale for the present theoretical and methodological considerations on the NSAs addressed, introduces a state-of-the-art communication with and contribution to the field, and briefly reflects on the main points of each case study, summing up the research and arguing for future research directions.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146778279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Russian Influence in the Western Balkans: Elite Receptivity and the Limits of Institutional Penetration","authors":"Branimir Staletović","doi":"10.1177/08883254261423522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254261423522","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the nature and limits of Russian influence through non-state actors in North Macedonia. To analyze these dynamics, it employs the concept of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">elite receptivity</jats:italic> and introduces a novel analytical distinction between <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">symbolic</jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">institutional</jats:italic> influence. It argues that while Russia has built a complex network via ideological proxies—encompassing a range of right-wing and left-wing political parties, civil society organizations, and factions of the Orthodox Church—its ability to secure institutional capture remains severely constrained. This limitation is attributed to the pro-Western orientation of the mainstream political elite, structural coalition dynamics, and particularly the uniformly pro-European stance of the Albanian political parties. By foregrounding elite receptivity as the mediating factor between symbolic resonance and institutional penetration, the article foregrounds how internal political configurations condition and mediate the impact of foreign influence.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominika Polkowska, Marta Kahancova, Anna Sadowska, Adam Šumichrast, Ewa Lecka
{"title":"Between Control and Invisibility: Platform Workers and the Limits of Protection in Poland and Slovakia","authors":"Dominika Polkowska, Marta Kahancova, Anna Sadowska, Adam Šumichrast, Ewa Lecka","doi":"10.1177/08883254261423512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254261423512","url":null,"abstract":"Platform work has become a growing, yet largely invisible, component of labor markets in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), offering income opportunities but also reinforcing precarity, informality, and exclusion especially for migrant and low-income workers. This article examines how national stakeholders in Poland and Slovakia respond to the Platform Work Directive of the European Union (EU), which aims at improving working conditions in the digital labor economy. Based on seventeen in-depth interviews with trade unions, government officials, platform representatives, and labor experts, the study uncovers deep ambivalence about the Directive’s potential to bring meaningful change in the working conditions of platform workers. While many see it as a long-overdue step toward formalizing rights and addressing bogus self-employment, others warn of merely formal transposition with weak enforcement and limited impact. Stakeholders highlight serious concerns about administrative capacity, lack of legal clarity, and the risk of undermining the flexibility that many workers, especially migrants, rely on. The findings point to a broader issue: in the absence of robust, pluralist interest representation and strong domestic labor institutions, national actors often receive EU regulation passively, treating it as an external obligation rather than a transformative opportunity. The Directive may elevate platform work on the policy agenda, yet it is unlikely, on its own, to alter the deeper structural inequalities and power asymmetries shaping platform work in CEE countries. The article argues for a more socially grounded approach to policy implementation, one that centers the lived realities and voices of workers at the margins.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146261170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Europe Moving Eastward? The Changing Dynamics in the EU and NATO Following the War in Ukraine","authors":"Kristian L. Nielsen","doi":"10.1177/08883254261420426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254261420426","url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 significantly changed one of the most important dynamics with the EU and NATO. Until then, policy toward Russia had been a fraught issue between the older Western European members and the more recent members from Central and Eastern Europe. While the former had prioritized economic relations, the latter had generally warned about the continued danger of Russian aggression. This debate had continued even after Russia’s first attacks on Ukraine in 2014. Since 2022, however, Europeans have finally acted in support of Ukraine, enacting several packages of economic sanctions. The Russia hawks saw their position vindicated, while the old Western power couple, France and Germany, have had to adjust theirs. This article examines this story of shifting power balances within the EU and NATO, applying a conceptual framework emphasizing political practice and persuasive ideas. It shows how the war has shifted the center of gravity in both organizations somewhat to the East, as Central and Eastern European countries speak with increased weight. However, the pendulum may well swing back soon, as most of these countries will find it hard broadening their policy agendas sufficiently to other issues. But most of all, several of the Central and East European countries may themselves be abandoning their old positions at the very moment they have won the debate over Europe’s Russia policy.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetiana Sobolieva, Jessie Labov, Kristian L. Nielsen
{"title":"The Russian War on Ukraine: Perspectives from Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Tetiana Sobolieva, Jessie Labov, Kristian L. Nielsen","doi":"10.1177/08883254261420792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254261420792","url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has reshaped Europe’s geopolitical, security, and economic landscape, with particularly acute consequences for Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This thematic cluster provides an interdisciplinary snapshot of these transformations, emphasizing the region’s role as both a frontline and a catalyst for broader European change. Drawing on international relations, security studies, economics, political science, sociology, and anthropology, the contributions examine how the war has accelerated European Union security integration, including unprecedented military assistance to Ukraine, expanded defense coordination, and rising defense expenditures. The introduction highlights the war’s devastating human, economic, and environmental costs for Ukraine, alongside spillover effects across Europe, such as mass displacement, energy shocks, inflationary pressures, and heightened social and political tensions within CEE states. It situates these developments within contemporary scholarly debates over international order, realism and liberalism, and the limits of aggregated European analyses that obscure regional variation. Collectively, the articles explore geopolitical repositioning, energy transformation, public opinion, and lived experiences of war and displacement, offering insight into Europe’s evolving political and institutional trajectory amid an ongoing conflict.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Russian War in Ukraine and the Visegrád Group: What Impact on Energy Transformation?","authors":"Mariusz Baranowski, Piotr Jabkowski","doi":"10.1177/08883254251377095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254251377095","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on energy transformation and public opinion within the Visegrád Group (V4) countries—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Employing the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) framework on sociotechnical transitions, the research investigates how macro-level disruptions, meso-level regime adaptations, and micro-level innovations interact to reshape energy systems. The study focuses on public attitudes toward reducing dependency on Russian energy and investing in renewables, contextualized through the Eurobarometer survey data (Wave 98.2, 2023). Bayesian multilevel logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the relationships between perceptions of war-related consequences (security, economic impacts) and attitudes toward energy policies. Findings reveal strong public support in Poland and Hungary for reducing reliance on Russian hydrocarbons and adopting renewable energy, while Czechia and Slovakia show moderate support. Security concerns were identified as a key driver of pro-renewable sentiments, particularly among younger cohorts and those perceiving war-related threats. The study highlights how geopolitical shocks can catalyze energy policy shifts, though entrenched sociotechnical regimes present challenges. Practical implications include leveraging public support for renewables to accelerate European Union (EU) energy transition goals. This research contributes novel insights into the interplay between energy transformation and geopolitical crises, emphasizing the V4’s pivotal role in Europe’s green transition.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Paradigm Shift: The Geopolitical Awakening of the European Union and Central and Eastern Europe States as Full-Fledged Security Actors in the Context of Russia’s War in Ukraine","authors":"Beata Piskorska","doi":"10.1177/08883254251394658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254251394658","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian war has impacted not only Ukraine but also the whole European community—the European Union (EU) and especially Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), where the Russian threat has been looming for over three decades ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Now, having revisited their aggressive policies of the past, Russia’s actions have detrimental effects on the region not only through active warfare in Ukraine but also due to propaganda and disinformation campaigns in many EU states, as well as energy blackmail. The EU as a whole has also been deeply affected by the war in Ukraine. There was talk of a “paradigm shift” in France, of a “Zeitenwende” (end of an era) in Germany, of an “end to naivety.” The EU has not only emerged from its soft policy in the face of the Russian regime’s policies but also matured in its geopolitical awareness. The war in Ukraine has hit a trajectory that was already favorable to the EU’s geopolitical consolidation. Since 2014, European defense has been revived, at least in terms of capabilities, with joint funding for military research projects and the joint development of defense capabilities (in particular, the European Defense Fund with eight billion euro for 2021–2027). Undoubtedly, resolving the conflict is up to the Ukrainians and the Russians. Still, the process will directly or indirectly involve all actors interested in a global order. The axis of geopolitical world reconstruction is particularly important for Ukraine but is also vital for the future of the EU, CEE, and Poland. Therefore, it must be assumed that the EU’s approach and capabilities must be prepared diplomatically and militarily to respond to any potential future threats to maintain stability and peace in the region.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"338 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moderation Amidst Ruins","authors":"Aurelian Craiutu","doi":"10.1177/08883254251401748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254251401748","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows that moderation played an important role in the reconstruction of Europe after 1945. It focuses on a group of thinkers affiliated with the Ordoliberal school, founded by Walter Eucken, who played a key role in the creation of the social market economy in post-war Germany. As pragmatic liberals and moderates, they were critics and defenders of the free market economy. In their economic and sociological writings, Walter Eucken, Alexander Rüstow, and Wilhelm Röpke insisted that the free market needs an adequate business ethics, morality, and a complex set of values in addition to a strong but limited state, the rule of law, healthy families, and vibrant local associations. As such, Ordoliberalism was predicated on an original form of economic and political moderation and eclecticism, as illustrated by Alfred Müller-Armack’s essay “Social Irenics” (1950). Eighty years after the end of the war, we are called again to rediscover the virtue of moderation by finding new ways to reconcile freedom, equality, justice, the state, and the market.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Domestic Hens” and “Young Wolves” in the Polish “Long ’90s”: Toward a Feminist Political Economy of Creativity","authors":"Aleksandra Fila","doi":"10.1177/08883254251399847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254251399847","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores gendered and class-based aspects of creativity through the perspective of value creation, attribution, and appropriation. It traces the ways in which creativity discourses were mobilized in the Polish “long ‘90s to reinforce the gendered division of labor. The transformation of labor in the industry is discussed against the backdrop of privatizations, managerial turn, denying particularly “unskilled workers” (women and peasants) creativity, policies of “cuts,” and deindustrialization. Identical processes also profoundly transformed reproduction, as its feminization in the ‘90s is characterized by the ultimate desubjectification, privatization, and devaluation of reproductive labor. This was achieved by liquidating common spaces of everyday creativity available to working-class women and by discursive reconstruction of reproduction as utterly uncreative. Drawing on these considerations, the article explains the mutual interdependence of the two figures populating the gendered and class-based imaginarium of the Polish “long ‘90s”—the “domestic hen,” and the “young wolf.” Masculinization of creativity, manifesting itself in the figure of competitive, creative, risk-taking entrepreneurs, was characteristic of a new, highly hierarchical and exclusionary model of creativity, which emerged during the formation of new upper classes. Consequently, the feminization of what was constructed as a “lack of creativity” should be understood as related to the dispossessions of the many (unequal along the lines of gender divisions), which created conditions for the enfranchisement of the few.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“We Are Just Surviving”: The Paradox of Robust Homegardens in Northern Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Andrew Flachs, Ashley Glenn","doi":"10.1177/08883254251394653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254251394653","url":null,"abstract":"Outside formal supply chains, Bosnian gardens provide meaningful contributions to food security through calories and culturally understood “good” food. Much of this food is ultimately sold, gifted, bartered, or paid in kind in a rural economy where labor is skilled and people have some means to produce, but cash is rare. Amid state failures to provide work and safety nets, garden networks of exchange, debt, and caregiving revive and transform the remains of Yugoslav village sociality in the 2020s. Yet in cash-poor and labor-squeezed rural communities, maintaining the ecological diversity of these montane environments presents a paradox: while providing nourishing and socially desired foods, these gardens cannot offer a desirable future to families who abandon homes to outmigration and work abroad. Food self-provisioning in northern Bosnia lays bare the aftermath of social and economic violence for environmental stewardship and rural belonging: while providing an important source of food security and sustaining networks of labor and exchange, Bosnian gardens are also a reverberation of profound socioeconomic gaps and unmet aspirations for economic growth. Even as they provide the physical means for social reproduction through food that is both culturally and culinarily nourishing, these gardens also represent deep ambiguities about rural futures in a mountainous region with high biodiversity, uncertain formal economies, and a desire to maintain a sense of home despite outmigration. Recognizing these tensions across gender, generation, and class demands a vision of agricultural sustainability centered around farmer labor, knowledge, and valuation.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}