Journal of the Japanese and International Economies最新文献

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Entrepreneurship of the ice age cohorts 冰河时代同辈的企业家精神
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101367
Akira Fukuda
{"title":"Entrepreneurship of the ice age cohorts","authors":"Akira Fukuda","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A cohort that struggles to enter the labor market during economic downturns may struggle to secure stable employment and income throughout their lives. The “Ice Age” cohorts are ones that entered the Japanese labor market during the prolonged economic recession between 1993 and 2004. This study examines the performance of startups established by the Ice Age cohorts. With limited job opportunities, some Ice Age cohorts likely attempted to start their businesses as an alternative means of income. Using a panel survey of startups, we examine the performance of such attempts. Startups established by the Ice Age cohorts had significantly higher survival rates than those established by the “bubble” cohorts that entered the labor market during the economic boom. However, among the surviving startups, those established by the Ice Age cohorts with junior college or vocational school backgrounds underperform relative to the bubble cohorts. These results suggest that the Ice Age cohorts faced limited employment opportunities in the labor market upon entry and were forced to continue operating their businesses under suboptimal performance conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on foreign direct investment from China, the United States, and major investor countries “一带一路”倡议对中国、美国和主要投资国外国直接投资的影响
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101365
Yasuyuki Todo , Shuhei Nishitateno , Sean Brown
{"title":"The impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on foreign direct investment from China, the United States, and major investor countries","authors":"Yasuyuki Todo ,&nbsp;Shuhei Nishitateno ,&nbsp;Sean Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on foreign direct investment (FDI) from China and other major source countries, such as the United States (US), France, and Japan, by applying staggered difference-in-differences (DID) event study estimations to a gravity model. In addition to estimations using country-pair fixed effects, we estimate models with source and host country-year fixed effects to control for the effect through changes in any host country attribute due to the BRI, such as infrastructure, and highlight the effect through changes in bilateral relationships. We find that FDI from China, Hong Kong SAR, the US, Switzerland, Japan, and France to BRI countries increased in the post-BRI period, whereas FDI from the United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands, and Luxembourg decreased. After controlling for country-year fixed effects, there remains a post-BRI upward trend in FDI from the US, Switzerland, and France and a downward trend in FDI from the UK, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. These findings suggest that FDI from non-China countries to BRI countries can be affected by their bilateral relationships. For example, the US may have invested more in BRI countries to strategically compete with China in those locations, whereas France and Switzerland may have done so because of investment cooperation with China in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The trade effects of export control regulations in Japan 日本出口管制条例对贸易的影响
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101366
Kazunobu HAYAKAWA , Fukunari KIMURA , Kenta YAMANOUCHI
{"title":"The trade effects of export control regulations in Japan","authors":"Kazunobu HAYAKAWA ,&nbsp;Fukunari KIMURA ,&nbsp;Kenta YAMANOUCHI","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent geopolitical tensions have generated various uncertainties in cross-border economic activities. A major concern is how far export control regulations by the US and its allies would decouple supply chains. This study empirically investigates the trade effects of export control regulations by Japan initiated on July 23, 2023. The regulations restrict exports of 22 items of semiconductor manufacturing equipment (SME) and one item of semiconductor inspection equipment (SIE), implicitly focusing on Japan’s exports to China. Our empirical analysis employs the monthly data of Japanese exports and Chinese imports. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, the export restrictions significantly decreased exports of some SME products from Japan to China but increased those of some other SME products. Second, we found insignificant changes in the exports of SIE from Japan to China when controlling for various elements in China, but those exports were found to increase significantly when controlling for various elements in Japan. These results suggest that when we empirically examine the trade effect of export control regulations against China, it is crucially important to use the trade statistics at the finest product level possible and to control for confounding factors in China as much as possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-border technology licensing with R&D Opportunity and Government Intervention 具有研发机会的跨境技术许可与政府干预
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101364
Jota Ishikawa , Toshihiro Okubo
{"title":"Cross-border technology licensing with R&D Opportunity and Government Intervention","authors":"Jota Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Okubo","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Technology holders may have strategic incentive to offer licensing contracts that deter (potential) rivals from conducting their own R&amp;D. This study develops a simple model of technology licensing from a foreign firm to a home firm, in which R&amp;D serves as an alternative means for the home firm to enter the market. We first derive the optimal licensing fees with differentiated goods and two-part tariffs. Depending on parameter values, three types of licensing contracts can emerge: (i) by means of a fixed fee alone, (ii) by means of a royalty alone, and (iii) by means of a combination of a fixed fee and a royalty. We then specifically investigate intervention by the home government: withholding taxes on royalties and R&amp;D subsidies. A withholding tax may improve home welfare without imposing any burden on the home firm and consumers. Committing itself to an R&amp;D subsidy, the home government can reduce licensing fees without any cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of flooding on real estate transactions in densely populated areas: Evidence from the 2019 Typhoon Hagibis in Japan 洪水对人口稠密地区房地产交易的影响:来自 2019 年日本台风 "哈吉比斯 "的证据
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101363
Ikuto Aiba , Daisuke Hasegawa
{"title":"The impact of flooding on real estate transactions in densely populated areas: Evidence from the 2019 Typhoon Hagibis in Japan","authors":"Ikuto Aiba ,&nbsp;Daisuke Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of flooding on real estate transactions in an urban area using the flooding caused by Typhoon Hagibis, which hit Japan in October 2019, as a natural experiment. Applying the difference-in-differences method, we find that the contract and offer prices of properties in flooded areas declined by about 6.0% and 5.5% on average, respectively. These price drops indicate an approximately 0.5 percentage point rise in the discount rate, which is defined as the percentage change from the offer to contract prices. Regarding apartment transactions, we show that the negative effects are significant for higher floors but insignificant for lower floors. This suggests the possibility that buyers have become more aware that higher floors are also vulnerable to flooding, given the flood-associated risks of power and water outages. The findings also reveal that the negative effects of flooding on detached houses are more serious and emerge more slowly than those on apartments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bank–firm relationships and the value of cash: Evidence from the financial crisis in Japan 银行-公司关系和现金价值:来自日本金融危机的证据
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101362
Mana Kaneko , Toshinori Sasaki , Katsushi Suzuki
{"title":"Bank–firm relationships and the value of cash: Evidence from the financial crisis in Japan","authors":"Mana Kaneko ,&nbsp;Toshinori Sasaki ,&nbsp;Katsushi Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the effect of bank<strong>–</strong>firm relationships on the marginal value of cash held by firms during the 2008 financial crisis using Japanese data. Our results show that (1) during the financial crisis, the close bank-firm relationships reduce the marginal value of cash. In particular, the effect is stronger for financially distressed firms. (2) Financially distressed firms with closer bank–firm relationships are less likely to save cash. These results are consistent with the information production hypothesis that close bank-firm relationships increase firms' ability to raise funds by encouraging banks to produce information, as a result, reducing the value of cash held by firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal monetary policy in a liquidity trap: Evaluations for Japan’s monetary policy 流动性陷阱中的最优货币政策:对日本货币政策的评价
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101361
Kohei Hasui , Yuki Teranishi
{"title":"Optimal monetary policy in a liquidity trap: Evaluations for Japan’s monetary policy","authors":"Kohei Hasui ,&nbsp;Yuki Teranishi","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper shows (1) a positive analysis demonstrating that recent high inflation rates can be explained by the Bank of Japan (BOJ)’s monetary policy for the COVID-19 pandemic period, “Inflation-Overshooting Commitment,” and (2) a normative analysis showing that the BOJ’s inflation-overshooting commitment aligns with the optimal monetary policy in a liquidity trap within a new Keynesian model with inflation persistence. In detail, we calibrate a hybrid new Keynesian model by Japanese parameters and show optimal monetary policy under commitment. Optimal monetary policy prolongs the zero interest rate until the second quarter of 2024 even after inflation rates overshoot 2 percent. Similarly, the BOJ continues the zero interest rate policy until the second quarter of 2024. The current average inflation rates from 2023Q4 to 2024Q3 reach 2.6 percent and 2.5 percent in the data and the model, respectively.</div><div>Our conclusion holds for a variety of situations with Japanese parameters, such as a low output gap response to the real interest rate, discounted IS curve, alternative inflation persistences, interest-rate smoothing for the policy rate, an alternative specification of the Phillips curve, inflation target, and low/high anchored inflation expectations and natural interest rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of the calculation class in elementary school on student outcomes 小学计算课对学生学习成绩的影响
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101360
Mayuko Abe , Fumio Ohtake , Shinpei Sano
{"title":"The effects of the calculation class in elementary school on student outcomes","authors":"Mayuko Abe ,&nbsp;Fumio Ohtake ,&nbsp;Shinpei Sano","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the impact of introducing a calculation class on the academic outcomes of elementary school students. The calculation class is characterized by instruction using an abacus (<em>soroban</em> in Japanese), a traditional calculation tool in Asia, and teaching by abacus instructors. The calculation class was introduced with time lags across schools and birth cohorts, which allows us to exploit the difference-in-differences strategy. Using administrative data from Amagasaki City in Japan, we find that the calculation class increases mathematics and Japanese scores by 0.145 and 0.0874 standard deviations, respectively. To explore possible mechanisms, we investigate the impact of the calculation class on students’ non-cognitive skills, academic behaviors at home, and the classroom environment. The results indicate that the calculation class improves non-cognitive skills, such as grit and motivation for studying. Furthermore, we find heterogeneous effects across gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and previous academic scores. Our estimation results show that the calculation class has a larger impact on the mathematics scores of female students, students from low-SES families, and previously low-performing students. Finally, we explore the long-term effects and find that, for female students, the impact tends to persist for one year after the class ends, but after that, the effects fade out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What did the Bank of Japan do under the yield curve control policy? 日本央行在收益率曲线控制政策下做了什么?
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101352
Shigenori Shiratsuka
{"title":"What did the Bank of Japan do under the yield curve control policy?","authors":"Shigenori Shiratsuka","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Bank of Japan’s (BOJ) recent experience in implementing the yield curve control (YCC) in the Japanese Government Bond (JGB) market. The YCC policy started in September 2016 with targets on two interest rates with different maturities: overnight policy interest rates at -0.1% and the longer-term 10-year JGB yields at zero percent, with a fixed but adjustable fluctuation allowance range. The YCC policy was highly effective in stabilizing interest rates at low levels, from short to long term, at least up to early 2022. This paper addresses the question of what the BOJ did under the YCC policy through the lens of the yield curve dynamics in the JGB and overnight index swap (OIS) markets. Empirical evidence demonstrates two points. First, the BOJ had very limited policy space to extract monetary easing effects by manipulating the yield curve at the introduction of the YCC policy. Second, the BOJ took the seemingly aggressive but actually reactive actions of outright JGB purchases to counter market pressures on the YCC cap. These findings indicate that the BOJ introduced a sustainable monetary policy framework of the YCC policy with the intention of shifting its focus to maintaining an extremely low interest rate environment for as long as necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Position in global value chains, trade duration, and firm survival: Empirical evidence from China 全球价值链地位、贸易持续时间与企业生存:来自中国的经验证据
IF 2.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101353
Qizhong Yang , Tomohiko Inui
{"title":"Position in global value chains, trade duration, and firm survival: Empirical evidence from China","authors":"Qizhong Yang ,&nbsp;Tomohiko Inui","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fragmentation of production in global value chains (GVCs) has become an important trend in international trade, where trading firms are facing a competitive global market. We use matched firm-level manufacturing survey and customs data to examine how the position of Chinese firms in the GVC affects the probability of trade duration and firm survival in the market. The results show that firms with higher upstreamness can more easily continue their current trade activities compared to firms located in less upstream positions. The subsequent estimation of the effect of the firm's GVC position on the probability of firm survival implies that a more upstream position in the GVC is beneficial for a firm's survival in both domestic and international markets. These findings show that participation in GVCs is not the only important determinant of firm performance, but positioning in GVCs also matters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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