Journal of the Japanese and International Economies最新文献

Do class closures affect students’ achievements? Heterogeneous effects of students’ socioeconomic backgrounds 停课会影响学生的成绩吗？学生社会经济背景的异质性效应

IF 3.1 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101387

Masato Oikawa , Ryuichi Tanaka , Shun-ichiro Bessho , Akira Kawamura , Haruko Noguchi

{"title":"Do class closures affect students’ achievements? Heterogeneous effects of students’ socioeconomic backgrounds","authors":"Masato Oikawa , Ryuichi Tanaka , Shun-ichiro Bessho , Akira Kawamura , Haruko Noguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of class closures on the academic achievement of primary and middle school students, with a particular focus on heterogeneous effects related to their household socioeconomic backgrounds. Using administrative data from students in a Japanese city within the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, we analyze the effects of class closures due to influenza epidemics on students’ language and mathematics test scores. Our findings indicate that class closures adversely affect the mathematics test scores of economically disadvantaged students. The magnitude of these negative effects on disadvantaged students varies by subject, grade level, gender, the timing of closures, and students’ prior academic achievement. In particular, male students from economically disadvantaged households are more susceptible to class closures, and those with lower prior academic achievement experience more severe adverse effects. These deleterious effects among economically disadvantaged male students appear to be driven not only by reductions in in-school instructional time but also by behavioral changes that may diminish their learning capacity. Furthermore, we find that high-quality teachers can mitigate the negative impact of class closures on economically disadvantaged students. These results highlight the importance of public programs designed to safeguard student learning environments against such adverse disruptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pension reform for an aging Japan: Welfare and demographic dynamics 老龄化日本的养老金改革：福利和人口动态

IF 3.1 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101390

Akira Okamoto

引用次数: 0

Labor market outcomes for doctoral graduates in Japan: Evidence from a large statistical survey 日本博士毕业生的劳动力市场结果：来自大型统计调查的证据

IF 3.1 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101389

Masayuki Morikawa

{"title":"Labor market outcomes for doctoral graduates in Japan: Evidence from a large statistical survey","authors":"Masayuki Morikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid growing concerns about Japan’s declining research capability, policies to support doctoral human resources are actively discussed and implemented. This study uses micro data from the 2022 Employment Status Survey to document the labor market outcomes of postgraduates, distinguishing doctoral and master’s graduates. According to the analysis, first, the employment rate of doctoral graduates is higher than that of master’s graduates, with the difference particularly pronounced among females. Second, on average, doctoral graduates are paid 40% more than master’s graduates, and the proportion of low-wage workers is smaller among doctoral graduates compared to those with a master’s or four-year university education. Third, when controlling for detailed industries and occupations, the wage difference between doctoral and master’s graduates reduces to about 10%, suggesting that doctoral graduates tend to self-select into higher-paying jobs. Fourth, the discounted present value of lifetime earnings is estimated to be 17% higher for male and 36% higher for female doctoral graduates compared to master’s graduates. Based on some assumptions, the internal rate of return on investment in doctoral education is estimated at around 10% for both males and females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A cross-industrial analysis on the task content of trade 贸易任务内容的跨行业分析

IF 2.6 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101379

Sawako Maruyama

引用次数: 0

CEO skill and firm performance CEO技能与公司绩效

IF 2.6 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101380

Katsuyuki Kubo , Takuya Kiriu , Shigeru Uchigasaki , Susumu Seko , Hiroaki Yamauchi

引用次数: 0

Japan's inflation under global inflation synchronization 全球通胀同步下的日本通胀

IF 2.6 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101368

Ichiro Fukunaga , Yosuke Kido , Kotaro Suita

{"title":"Japan's inflation under global inflation synchronization","authors":"Ichiro Fukunaga , Yosuke Kido , Kotaro Suita","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we analyze the effects of domestic and global factors on Japan's consumer price inflation, inflation expectations and nominal wages from the late 1990s to the post-pandemic period, using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models with short- and long-run zero and sign restrictions. We find that global shocks, including global supply, demand, and monetary policy shocks, account for about 40 % and 30 % of variance in four-quarter-ahead headline (excluding fresh food) and core inflation, respectively, and the importance of global shocks increases when post-pandemic data are included. Historical decompositions show that various types of global shocks, including downward cost pressure due to globalization reflected in positive global supply shocks, had persistently pushed down Japan’s consumer price inflation until the late 2010s. Subsequently, their contribution turned positive, both global supply and demand shocks significantly pushing up inflation, especially in the high-inflation phase after the pandemic. In addition, we find that services prices and nominal wages were also pushed up significantly by global shocks in the post-pandemic period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital labor platform under the boom and bust: Bank account data insights 盛衰下的数字劳动力平台：银行账户数据洞察

IF 2.6 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101378

Sachiko Kuroda , Koichiro Onishi

{"title":"Digital labor platform under the boom and bust: Bank account data insights","authors":"Sachiko Kuroda , Koichiro Onishi","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses deidentified bank data from a Japanese megabank to analyze how the economic downturn affected labor supply in the platform economy. Specifically, we identify gig workers based on deposit information from food delivery platform services and examine changes in their labor supply before and after the pandemic. Individuals who take on food delivery gig work typically exhibit three characteristics: they are predominantly young, male, and have low liquidity. About 32 percent of these workers had liquidity below zero, excluding gig income, and 27 % had liquidity below 50,000 yen (approximately 335 USD), indicating that many face severe liquidity constraints. Additionally, liquidity tends to gradually decline in the months leading up to gig work. While there is an increased probability of entering the gig market, the likelihood of workers staying drops to 60–70 % in the first month, suggesting the gig market serves mainly as a temporary income-smoothing mechanism. Interestingly, the average liquidity balance in the first month for those who started gig work during the COVID-19 recession was higher than for those who began gig work during the pre-pandemic boom. In addition, the decline in liquidity before starting gig work was smaller during the COVID-19 recession compared to the pre-COVID boom. Although it was expected that participation during the downturn would be driven by those facing liquidity constraints, the data shows that even individuals with some financial leeway entered the gig market during recessions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-run and long-run consequences of unconventional monetary policy in Japan 日本非常规货币政策的短期和长期后果

IF 2.6 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101375

Shin-ichi Fukuda

{"title":"Short-run and long-run consequences of unconventional monetary policy in Japan","authors":"Shin-ichi Fukuda","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monetary policy is a powerful policy tool in stabilizing short-term economic fluctuations. However, no matter how effective it is, it could have unintended adverse impacts on the economy if the central bank continued extreme monetary easing over a long period of time. Japan is an exceptional country where such concern exists. This paper analyzes the effects of unconventional monetary policy in Japan since the end of the 1990s. We explore the effects not only on stabilizing short-term macroeconomic fluctuations such as the GDP gap, but also on medium- and long-term productivity such as total factor productivity (TFP). If the prolonged ultra-low interest rate environment distorts the price mechanism and causes misallocation of funds, the unconventional monetary policy could reduce the productivity of the economy. The estimation results show that the Bank of Japan (BOJ)'s unconventional monetary policy had a significant positive impact on the GDP gap even under a liquidity trap where the policy rate hit its effective lower bound (ELB). However, they also show that unconventional monetary policy had a significant negative impact on TFP growth. The results suggest that while unconventional monetary policy was effective in boosting the economy in the short term, the prolonged ultra-low interest rate environment may have had a negative impact on medium- and long-term productivity growth in the Japanese economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entrepreneurship of the ice age cohorts 冰河时代同辈的企业家精神

IF 2.6 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101367

Akira Fukuda

引用次数: 0

The impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on foreign direct investment from China, the United States, and major investor countries “一带一路”倡议对中国、美国和主要投资国外国直接投资的影响

IF 2.6 3区经济学

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101365

Yasuyuki Todo , Shuhei Nishitateno , Sean Brown

{"title":"The impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on foreign direct investment from China, the United States, and major investor countries","authors":"Yasuyuki Todo , Shuhei Nishitateno , Sean Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on foreign direct investment (FDI) from China and other major source countries, such as the United States (US), France, and Japan, by applying staggered difference-in-differences (DID) event study estimations to a gravity model. In addition to estimations using country-pair fixed effects, we estimate models with source and host country-year fixed effects to control for the effect through changes in any host country attribute due to the BRI, such as infrastructure, and highlight the effect through changes in bilateral relationships. We find that FDI from China, Hong Kong SAR, the US, Switzerland, Japan, and France to BRI countries increased in the post-BRI period, whereas FDI from the United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands, and Luxembourg decreased. After controlling for country-year fixed effects, there remains a post-BRI upward trend in FDI from the US, Switzerland, and France and a downward trend in FDI from the UK, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. These findings suggest that FDI from non-China countries to BRI countries can be affected by their bilateral relationships. For example, the US may have invested more in BRI countries to strategically compete with China in those locations, whereas France and Switzerland may have done so because of investment cooperation with China in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0