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“It doesn't give a s*** about Arabic or English”: Semiotic ideologies and demarcation among LLM engineers in Amman, Jordan “它根本不在乎阿拉伯语或英语”：约旦安曼法学硕士工程师的符号学意识形态和界限
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70039
Tariq Adely
{"title":"“It doesn't give a s*** about Arabic or English”: Semiotic ideologies and demarcation among LLM engineers in Amman, Jordan","authors":"Tariq Adely","doi":"10.1111/jola.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyzes how engineers in Amman, Jordan involved in making large language models (LLMs) conceptualize their labor in relation to language and technology. Specifically, it focuses on claims that LLMs are “language-agnostic,” relying on multidimensional word embeddings rather than language. I examine how articulations of this ideology allow engineers to reconcile and ascribe value to their work in a transnational AI industry predicated on the division of labor between “universal” model building and localization. Examining the reproduction of this framework, alongside the invisibilization of linguistic labor it necessitates, reveals how representational ideologies structure both LLMs and the labor systems underpinning them.</p><p>خلاصة :يتناول هذا المقال المهندسين العاملين في عمان بالأردن من المنهمكين في تطوير النماذج اللغوية الضخمة والكيفية التي يدركون فيها طبيعة عملهم وعلاقته باللغة والتكنولوجيا. ويركِّز المقال تحديداً على المزاعم بأنَّ هذه النماذج \"تعمل بصفة مستقلة عن أي لغة محددة\"، إذ تعتمد على تضمينات متعددة الأبعاد للكلمات بدلاً من الاعتماد على اللغة بحد ذاتها. ويتفحّص المقال كيف تتيح التعبيرات عن هذه الأيديولوجيا للمهندسين إضفاء التوافق على عملهم ضمن صنعة عالمية في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي قائمة على تقسيم العمل بين بناء نموذج \"شامل\" وبين الجانب المعني بتوطين هذا النموذج، وفي الوقت نفسه عزو قيمة وأهمية لهذا العمل. إنَّ دراسة إعادة إنتاج هذا الإطار المفاهيمي، إلى جانب النزعة الساعية إلى حجب العمل اللغوي الذي يستلزمه، تكشف عن الكيفية التي تعمل عبرها الأيديولوجيات التمثيلية على تحديد هيكل النماذج اللغوية الضخمة وأنظمة العمل التي تستند إليها.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinship-based deference among Jaru siblings: A collaborative, adaptive, and multimodal accomplishment Jaru兄弟姐妹之间基于亲属关系的尊重：一种协作、适应和多模式的成就
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70026
Josua Dahmen
{"title":"Kinship-based deference among Jaru siblings: A collaborative, adaptive, and multimodal accomplishment","authors":"Josua Dahmen","doi":"10.1111/jola.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Jaru community of northern Western Australia, certain in-laws and relatives are categorized as being in a highly respectful relationship in which they are expected to pay deference to one another. This conversation-analytic study closely examines the deferential practices that are used among three Jaru siblings in an ordinary multi-party conversation, providing insights into the dynamic and cooperative nature of kin-based respect and demonstrating that the practices in question readily diverge from metapragmatic stereotypes to fit the interactional context. The deferential practices function as sociopragmatic indexicals that form a multimodal register, encompassing both linguistic and bodily visual resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jola.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The chatbot's real self: On the archaeology of artificial personas Le vrai soi du chatbot: vers une archéologie des personnes artificielles The Chatbot 's real self: On The archaology of artificial personens（英语：The Chatbot 's real self）
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70040
Courtney Handman
{"title":"The chatbot's real self: On the archaeology of artificial personas\u0000 Le vrai soi du chatbot: vers une archéologie des personnes artificielles","authors":"Courtney Handman","doi":"10.1111/jola.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From the beginning of widespread public interactions with ChatGPT and other large language models, some users have seen the disfluencies of chatbots as opportunities for them to go on an archaeological search for an unfettered chatbot persona that they need to jailbreak. These are not claims of sentience, but rather of personhood. Moreover, they are part of a right-leaning populist political project of defining speech that some find inflammatory, racist, or sexist as instead normal and needed for humans to be, like the jailbreaked chatbots, unfettered subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jola.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonhuman situational enmeshments—How participants build temporal infrastructures for ChatGPT 非人类情境环境——参与者如何为ChatGPT构建临时基础设施
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70037
Nils Klowait, Maria Erofeeva
{"title":"Nonhuman situational enmeshments—How participants build temporal infrastructures for ChatGPT","authors":"Nils Klowait,&nbsp;Maria Erofeeva","doi":"10.1111/jola.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates how participants recruit Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT as interactional co-participants depending on their temporal enmeshment within an interactional flow. Using Charles Goodwin's co-operative action framework, we analyze video data of human–AI interaction to trace the temporal structures established by human participants that define the LLM's participant role. We show how participants alternately orient to the artificial conversational agent as a dynamic human-like interlocutor and as a static, persistent document. Our findings contribute to understanding the role of temporality in establishing participation frameworks in human–AI interaction and problematize the effects of technological features on interaction, the malleability of language and tools, and the unique nature of language machines.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jola.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vernacular infrastructuring: Rethinking linguistic agency of minority-language speakers in multilingual digital environment 白话文基础建设：对多语言数字环境下少数民族语言使用者语言代理的再思考
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70038
Udiana Puspa Dewi
{"title":"Vernacular infrastructuring: Rethinking linguistic agency of minority-language speakers in multilingual digital environment","authors":"Udiana Puspa Dewi","doi":"10.1111/jola.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article introduces the concept of vernacular infrastructuring to examine how speakers of minoritized languages navigate multilingual digital environments. Building on notion of vernacular creativity and extending insights from linguistic anthropology, I conceptualize infrastructuring as the everyday negotiation of institutional norms, platform logics, and user practices that structure linguistic visibility. Drawing on the case of <i>Nanti Kita Sambat tentang Hari Ini</i> (NKSTHI), a popular Instagram and X account that reimagines the Javanese speech genre <i>sambat</i> (“to complain”), I show how users creatively mobilize Javanese to perform cultural intimacy while tactically responding to algorithmic imaginaries. I argue that vernacular infrastructuring operates through three entangled layers: institutional infrastructures (historical hierarchies of language policy and media), perceived platform infrastructures (folk theories and algorithmic imaginaries), and user practices (stylization, code-mixing, and affective design). Through this layered analysis, the paper demonstrates that vernacular practices are not merely expressive but infrastructurally strategic forms of discursive value work, referring to the speakers' reflexivity to assign and contest linguistic value. By foregrounding the agentive tactics of minoritized users, vernacular infrastructuring contributes to ongoing debates in linguistic anthropology on language, media, and infrastructure, showing how digital platforms actively participate in the revaluation of linguistic diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Co-textual dopes: How LLMs produce contextually appropriate text in chat interactions with humans without access to context 协同文本：法学硕士如何在不访问上下文的情况下与人类进行聊天交互时产生上下文合适的文本
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70036
Ole Pütz
{"title":"Co-textual dopes: How LLMs produce contextually appropriate text in chat interactions with humans without access to context","authors":"Ole Pütz","doi":"10.1111/jola.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper asks how LLM-based systems can produce text that is taken as contextually appropriate by humans without having seen text in its broader context. To understand how this is possible, context and co-text have to be distinguished. Co-text is input to LLMs during training and at inference as well as the primary resource of sense-making for humans in interaction, collaboratively produced by both human and machine during chat. Systems can also passively participate in contextualization, insofar as cues are found in the co-text and the user guides the system as to what is the appropriate context for them.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jola.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Language machines: Toward a linguistic anthropology of large language models 语言机器：迈向大型语言模型的语言人类学
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70033
Siri Lamoureaux, Michael Castelle, Anna Weichselbraun
{"title":"Language machines: Toward a linguistic anthropology of large language models","authors":"Siri Lamoureaux,&nbsp;Michael Castelle,&nbsp;Anna Weichselbraun","doi":"10.1111/jola.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large language models (LLMs) challenge long-standing assumptions in linguistics and linguistic anthropology by generating human-like language without relying on rule-based structures. This introduction to the special issue <i>Language Machines</i> calls for renewed engagement with LLMs as socially embedded language technologies. We trace the intellectual genealogy that led linguistic anthropology to sideline such technologies, highlighting how disciplinary boundaries and language ideologies shaped this absence. Arguing for the field's unique potential to analyze the semiotic, interactional, and ideological dimensions of LLMs, we invite future contributions that expand linguistic anthropology's scope and relevance in the age of machine-mediated communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jola.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“You keep the y'alls”: Multivocality and embodiment in college students' negotiations of academic English “You keep the y’all”：大学生学术英语谈判中的多音性及其体现
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70034
Jocelyn Ahlers, Nicoleta Bateman, Mary Stewart
{"title":"“You keep the y'alls”: Multivocality and embodiment in college students' negotiations of academic English","authors":"Jocelyn Ahlers,&nbsp;Nicoleta Bateman,&nbsp;Mary Stewart","doi":"10.1111/jola.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Throughout their education, students learn to use “academic English,” and to navigate associated language ideologies. In focus groups, college students discuss formal features of “academic English,” especially “removing ‘I’,” and “avoiding bias,” that they link to a sense of alienation and loss. They show themselves not to be passive receptacles for the ideologies they are exposed to as part of their education, but rather, as agents who take up various stances relative to *Academic Standardized American English and to their use of “slang” varieties, and who reintegrate both themselves and their communities into their discourse, through the use of embodiment and multivocality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human tests for machine models: What lies “Beyond the Imitation Game”? 机器模型的人类测试：“超越模仿游戏”是什么？
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70035
Noya Kohavi, Anna Weichselbraun
{"title":"Human tests for machine models: What lies “Beyond the Imitation Game”?","authors":"Noya Kohavi,&nbsp;Anna Weichselbraun","doi":"10.1111/jola.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Benchmarking large language models (LLMs) is a key practice for evaluating their capabilities and risks. This paper considers the development of “BIG Bench,” a crowdsourced benchmark designed to test LLMs “Beyond the Imitation Game.” Drawing on linguistic anthropological and ethnographic analysis of the project's GitHub repository, we examine how contributors developed tasks based on their lay understandings of language, cognition, and intelligence. By tracing how contributors make implicit judgments about what constitutes a meaningful test of intelligence, we show how widespread language ideologies shape the evaluation of LLMs and the imaginaries that guide their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jola.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Raciosemiotic disruptions: The discursive deconstruction of race among Africans in the United States 种族符号学的破坏：美国非洲人种族的话语解构
IF 1.4 2区 文学
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/jola.70031
PraiseGod Aminu
{"title":"Raciosemiotic disruptions: The discursive deconstruction of race among Africans in the United States","authors":"PraiseGod Aminu","doi":"10.1111/jola.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Building on Smalls's (2024) raciosemiotics, I use “raciosemiotic disruptions” to refer to ways some African-born individuals in the United States have connotatively and denotatively reworked the indexicality of the Euro-American bio-logic racialized signs in different spatiotemporal contexts and at different semiotic scales. I examine, via their metapragmatic commentaries and meta-discursive evaluations, how the processes through which meanings that are made about Blackness are inevitably disrupted and subverted. That is, how do some African-born individuals in the United States, though they share in the signs (i.e., phenotypes) that reproduce racial ideologies/ontologies, refuse racialization? How are race, racialization, and racial meanings transformed, refused, or resisted through the recalibration of these racialized signs? I argue that even as some African-born individuals in the United States seek to distance themselves from Blackness and refuse colonial and hegemonic constructs by interdiscursively refusing the naturalness of white epistemes, they sometimes inadvertently revert to the very hegemony they disassociate from by aligning themselves with white hegemony. I conclude that an awareness of one's Blackness has much less to do with phenotype than a decolonial reclamation and self-affirmation project.</p>","PeriodicalId":47070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145695597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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