Science As Culture最新文献_第4页

The official record of victims as a bordering technology: knowledge and (in)visibilities in post-conflict Colombia 作为一项前沿技术的受害者官方记录:冲突后哥伦比亚的知识和可见性

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2221278

Fredy Mora-Gámez

{"title":"The official record of victims as a bordering technology: knowledge and (in)visibilities in post-conflict Colombia","authors":"Fredy Mora-Gámez","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2221278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2221278","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Following the regulations dictated by the Law of Victims in 2012, representatives of the Colombian government have engaged in the task of registering and compensating victims of human rights perpetrations as a result of war violence. These registration procedures, mostly processing the applications of people on the move inside the national territory, are consolidated in the Official Record of Victims (RUV). The RUV enjoys international visibility as an exemplar project of post-conflict reparation and technological success of state bureaucracy. This success, however, relies upon overlooked material practices of inscription and assessment involved in processing the statements of millions of applicants. Whereas the RUV enacts boundaries of rights restitution as a state project, ethnographic excerpts about its inscription practices, assessment procedures, and data production rubrics complicate the broadly promoted success of post-conflict reparation. As other bordering technologies, the RUV demarcates boundaries of inclusion and exclusion by enacting visible forms of identification of which Internal Displacement is a predominant part. In this process, the forms and assessment practices prioritize applicants’ narrations that are consistent with the official version of the armed conflict while also making invisible divergent accounts that contest it.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"32 1","pages":"344 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43067579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Kickstarting science? Crowdfunded research, public engagement, and the participatory condition 启动科学?众筹研究、公众参与和参与性条件

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2222741

Chris Hesselbein

{"title":"Kickstarting science? Crowdfunded research, public engagement, and the participatory condition","authors":"Chris Hesselbein","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2222741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2222741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Crowdfunding for science has been hailed both as an important means of funding early-career scholars and innovative research projects, and as a novel approach to communicating with and enabling participation by members of the public. The experiences of scientists who have sought crowdfunding and the opportunities and challenges that this entails are analyzed to critically examine claims (by platforms and in previous studies) about the democratizing potential of crowdfunding for ‘opening up’ research funding and ‘engaging’ members of the public in scientific research. Interview accounts of scientists indicate that crowdfunding can provide crucial support for under-resourced researchers as well as research projects, and that it offers a relatively unique opportunity for communicating science and enabling public participation in several aspects of the scientific research process. However, these accounts also reveal that seeking crowdfunding gives rise to several practical, social, and professional issues, such as increasing the burden of labour on already disadvantaged researchers, straining relationships with colleagues, tarnishing one’s professional status, and ultimately exacerbating inequalities among scientists. Moreover, the ostensible promise of crowdfunding for enhancing science communication and public engagement in science is undercut by the failure of both crowdfunding platforms and campaigners to take the potential non-monetary contributions or expertise of non-scientists seriously. Rather than acknowledging the potential for two-way dialogue and public participation that crowdfunding platforms can potentially provide, public input is formatted as a financial transaction, which reduces the ability of publics to influence crowdfunded projects in a meaningful manner and therefore greatly diminishes their democratic potential.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44448755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practices of radical digital care: towards autonomous queer migration 激进数字护理的实践：走向酷儿自主迁移

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2221292

V. Makrygianni, Vasilis Galis

{"title":"Practices of radical digital care: towards autonomous queer migration","authors":"V. Makrygianni, Vasilis Galis","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2221292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2221292","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Digital connectivity of queer migrants on the move to Europe plays a crucial role in confronting border regimes, heteronormativity and racist oppression. ICTs at the disposal of queer migrants interrupt the material politics of silence and violence. However, digital technology also implies serious hazards. Queer migrants use digital space to empower themselves, to build networks, and to trace, reach and create safer spaces of care. This paper conceptualises how care is materialised in self-organised actions and horizontal relationships that question power regimes and commodification practices while introducing the notion of radical digital care. Digital spaces of (radical) care constitute safe spaces of compassion where people can be heard and believed. They act as points of reference for queer people seeking recognition and care. Moreover, queer migration constitutes constant shifting between subject and care positions that redefine the notion of home and safety and the material ordering of migration itself. Based on a qualitative study of ten semi-structured interviews with solidarians and migrants, this paper reveals how the appropriation of digital media by queer migrants re-arranges the material politics of the borderland by contesting border technologies, and through radical care, allows communities to live through hardship, fear, and abuse.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"32 1","pages":"387 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43019185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Contested promises. Migrants’ material politics vis-à-vis the humanitarian border in Niger 有争议的承诺。移民对-à-vis尼日尔人道主义边界的物质政治

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2221289

L. Lambert

{"title":"Contested promises. Migrants’ material politics vis-à-vis the humanitarian border in Niger","authors":"L. Lambert","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2221289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2221289","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 What promises do humanitarian infrastructures make to encourage migrants to abandon their migration projects? And how do migrants contest these promises? In order to curb EU-bound migration in the transit state Niger, the two UN agencies for migrants and refugees established support and outreach infrastructures that incentivized them to enroll in this humanitarian border and abandon migration. These infrastructural promises prompt their own contestation, because they may not be realized. The International Organization for Migration gave promises of assistance, the voluntariness of the return decision to the country of origin, and reintegration support. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees promised assistance, livelihood, and resettlement to asylum seekers and refugees. When these promises failed, migrants exposed the hidden standards of admission and operation of the humanitarian border infrastructures and the histories and political geographies of border violence and displacement they operated in. Through practices of voice and exit, migrants engaged in material politics that made the absent information visible. They thereby ultimately refused or even altered the services, promises, and actor roles of the humanitarian border. An analysis of such contested promises deepens an understanding of the relationships between humanitarian border infrastructures, their future orientations, and everyday migrant resistance.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"32 1","pages":"363 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42422337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ethical choreography in China’s Human Gene Editing controversy 中国人类基因编辑争议中的伦理编排

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2218401

Larry Au

{"title":"Ethical choreography in China’s Human Gene Editing controversy","authors":"Larry Au","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2218401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2218401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT He Jiankui announced to the world in November 2018 that his team had genetically edited twin human embryos that were then brought to term. Recruiting participants through an HIV outreach group and using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, He targeted the CCR5 genes claiming this would make the children immune to HIV. One way to understand He’s case is through Charis Thompson’s concept of ethical choreography, which shows how scientists ‘invent around’ potential ethical objections to their work. In particular, such a focus on ethical choreography traces how individual scientists can exploit ambiguity in institutional boundaries to recombine different logics to advance their vision of good, innovative, and ethical science. He’s actions can be seen to been the result of his traversal of blurred boundaries that demarcate science/market and science/medicine in order to recombine academic, market, medical, and cultural logics. This combination of logics is seen in ethical justifications that He put forth for his experiment, which provoked much criticism and controversy, but should nonetheless be taken seriously and placed in context. While He’s vision of good science was rejected, examples of ethical choreography can be found in other instances of biomedical innovation and there remains the potential for other scientists to pick up where He left off. Following the ethical choreography of scientists also allows for more specificity in discussions about what and when boundaries should be strengthened or relaxed in order to advance a more equitable vision of science and technology.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47278037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Swedish nuclear waste management as an inert controversy: using critical constructivism to understand cold technological conflict 瑞典核废料管理作为一种惰性争议:用批判性建构主义理解冷技术冲突

3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2218415

Hannes Lagerlöf

{"title":"Swedish nuclear waste management as an inert controversy: using critical constructivism to understand cold technological conflict","authors":"Hannes Lagerlöf","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2218415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2218415","url":null,"abstract":"Science and technology studies (STS) has long studied scientific controversies as a way to identify prospects for technical democracy. Contemporary STS tends to prioritize ‘overflowing’ controversies, where lay actors challenge experts’ technical frameworks by explicating the broader implications and so open up technological issues. Yet many controversies are not like this; they operate on a largely technical register within official procedures, so the broader implications remain implicit. In the case of Swedish nuclear waste management a major controversy did not overflow and so presents an opportunity to elaborate theoretically on such ‘inert’ controversies. Crucial insights can come from Andrew Feenberg’s critical constructivism – an alloy of STS and the Frankfurt School. It can help explain why some controversies remain inert and what is at stake there, regardless of the actors’ actions and statements. To make these contributions, critical constructivism needs to emphasize its critical heritage. As with many contemporary studies in STS, critical constructivism has increasingly come to study how change happens, at the expense of how the status quo is maintained. Through the STS idea of ‘structural closure’ – how controversies can be closed by hegemonic structures – inert controversies can be addressed by critical constructivism, thus enriching the study of controversies in STS.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135831648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sharing epistemic power: digitally mediated wolf monitoring in Finland 共享认知力量：芬兰的数字媒介狼监测

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2214148

Taru Peltola, Outi Ratamäki

引用次数: 0

How data governance principles influence participation in biodiversity science 数据治理原则如何影响生物多样性科学的参与

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2214155

B. Sterner, Steve Elliott

{"title":"How data governance principles influence participation in biodiversity science","authors":"B. Sterner, Steve Elliott","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2214155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2214155","url":null,"abstract":": Biodiversity science is in a pivotal period when diverse groups of actors—including researchers, businesses, national governments, and Indigenous Peoples—are negotiating wide-ranging norms for governing and managing biodiversity data in digital repositories. These repositories, often called biodiversity data portals, are a type of organization for which governance can address or perpetuate the colonial history of biodiversity science and current inequities. Researchers and Indigenous Peoples are developing and implementing new strategies to examine and change assumptions about which agents should count as salient participants in scientific projects, especially in projects that build and manage large digital data portals. Two notable efforts are the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and CARE (Collective benefit, Authority, Responsibility, Ethics) Principles for scientific data management and governance. To characterize how these principles influence the governance of biodiversity data portals, we develop an account of fit-for-use data that makes explicit its social as well as technical conditions in relation to agents and purposes. The FAIR Principles, already widely adopted by biodiversity researchers, prioritize machine agents and efficient computation, while the CARE Principles prioritize Indigenous Peoples and their data sovereignty. Both illustrate the potency of an emerging general strategy by which groups of actors craft and implement governance principles for data fitness-of-use to change assumptions about who are salient participants in data science.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44813258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Italian debate on the digital COVID certificate: co-producing epistemic and normative rationalities 意大利关于数字新冠肺炎证书的辩论：共同产生认识和规范理性

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2211761

L. Marelli

{"title":"The Italian debate on the digital COVID certificate: co-producing epistemic and normative rationalities","authors":"L. Marelli","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2211761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2211761","url":null,"abstract":"Italy's digital Covid certificate, known nationally as the ‘Green Pass,' was enforced through unusual restrictions for a liberal democracy, as part of the government's effort to bolster the Covid-19 vaccination campaign. Since July 2021, the Green Pass provided the main authorizing tool for the public to access a wide spectrum of social spaces and activities, from leisure to public transport and from education to workplaces. The Green Pass therefore served as a normative technology, and triggered intense political controversy and heated debates in the Italian public discourse. In constructing claims about the Green Pass, advocates and critics alike co-produced normative arguments with understandings of scientific evidence. Notably, they articulated competing framings around: conceptions of freedom during a pandemic;what should be considered as ‘evidence that matters' regarding the effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines;value-laden projections of vaccination as either a solidaristic practice or an act of self-protection;the proper relationship between the state and its citizens;and the most appropriate modes of public health intervention. Accordingly, Italy's Green Pass offers a revealing case study for probing the implications of a normative technology with respect to public health effectiveness and the safeguarding of individual and social rights. It also provides an opportunity for scrutinizing the (re-)structuring of scientific and public health governance in a major Western democracy during a public health crisis. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41852604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The humanist challenge to China’s dominant policies for popularizing science and technology (PST) 中国主导科技推广政策面临的人文主义挑战

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2023.2211760

Siyu Fu, K. Nielsen

{"title":"The humanist challenge to China’s dominant policies for popularizing science and technology (PST)","authors":"Siyu Fu, K. Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2023.2211760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2023.2211760","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the early 2000s, a group of Chinese scholars who often refer to themselves as scientific humanists (科学文化人, or 科学人文主义者) launched a critique of dominant approaches to science popularization known as ‘kepu’ or science popularization (科普). Their scientific humanism connects traditional Chinese ideas about scientism and humanism to Western philosophy and STS, in particular the sociology of scientific knowledge. Challenging science popularization policies, the scientific humanists in 2001 launched the so-called Critical School of Science Communication (CSSC), which combines scientific humanism with STS approaches to science communication, namely critical public understanding of science and public engagement with science. The CSSC criticized the Popularization of Science and Technology (PST) policy adopted by China’s government and main scientific institutions to promote her technoscientific and technocratic visions. The CSSC is in favor of science communication, rather than science popularization, aimed at reconciling science with the humanities, stimulating genuine dialogue between science and the public, and ultimately increasing civic empowerment. CSSC proponents have engaged in a series of public interventions where they challenged dominant views on the social role of technoscience and PST. China’s explicit emphasis on, even legislative commitment to PST provided a unique context to which the CSSC responded by appropriating scientific humanism, itself an assemblage of Chinese ideas and STS theory, and STS-related concepts about science communication.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47942007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1