Science As Culture最新文献_第10页

Economies of Virtue: The Circulation of ‘Ethics’ in Big Tech 美德经济:大型科技公司“伦理”的循环

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2021.1990875

Thao Phan, Jake Goldenfein, Monique Mann, D. Kuch

引用次数: 20

Assetization and the Logic of Venture Capital, or Why Facebook Does not ‘Feel’ Like a Monopoly to Zuckerberg 资产化与风险投资的逻辑，或者为什么脸书对扎克伯格来说不像是垄断

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2021.1990874

Guy Balzam, Noam Yuran

{"title":"Assetization and the Logic of Venture Capital, or Why Facebook Does not ‘Feel’ Like a Monopoly to Zuckerberg","authors":"Guy Balzam, Noam Yuran","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2021.1990874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2021.1990874","url":null,"abstract":"The most valuable companies in 2021 are tech firms known as ‘Big Tech’. In recent years these companies were the subject of public and academic scrutiny, especially because they were accused of acting as monopolies (Kenney and Zysman, 2016), maintaining a profit regime sometimes referred to as ‘techfeudalism’ (Waters, 2020), and of having a vast and unprecedented social and political impact (Moore and Tambini, 2018). In a 2018 Senate hearing, Mark Zuckerberg, CEO and founder of Facebook, denied the accusation that his company is a monopoly, and his position was echoed by other Big Tech CEO’s. This position, we argue, is symptomatic of the nature of digital monopolies, which can be termed ‘fragile monopolies.’ Earlymanifestoes of the digital revolution, such as Negroponte’s Being Digital (1995), argued that the digital sphere was inherently resistant to monopoly control. There was a sound reasoning for this claim: bits, in contrast to atoms, are replicable and very cheaply so. History, obviously, refuted the promise of economically decentralized digital sphere. Yet Negroponte’s basic insight is important for understanding the form that contemporary Big Tech monopolies assume. They are motivated by a preliminary aim of creating monopolies, in an environment which is resistant to centralization. For that purpose, they develop from the outset things that can indeed be monopolized in the digital sphere. The popular aversion often directed at Big Tech companies reflects the unique form of their monopoly.What theymonopolize typically belongs to the sphere of intimate experience: forms of self-expression, social ties, or users’ memories and habits. Their presence in our lives is often presented as intrusive, but this intrusiveness reflects, in fact, the ephemeral nature of their assets. We argue that the emergence of a new form of monopoly has to do with a fact whose significance has been largely overlooked in research; namely that","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"31 1","pages":"107 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46297900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Big Techification of Everything 万物的大技术化

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2021.1984423

Reijer P Hendrikse, Ilke Adriaans, Tobias J. Klinge, Rodrigo Fernandez

引用次数: 18

Amazon’s Ring: Surveillance as a Slippery Slope Service 亚马逊的指环:监控是一种滑坡服务

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2021.1983797

Evan Selinger, Darrin Durant

{"title":"Amazon’s Ring: Surveillance as a Slippery Slope Service","authors":"Evan Selinger, Darrin Durant","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2021.1983797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2021.1983797","url":null,"abstract":"Amazon’s Ring video doorbells allow users to easily see and talk with people in camera range over their phones, record and save camera footage to the cloud, and share videos of suspicious activity (Molla, 2020). Although Amazon markets the home security surveillance system and related Ring products (e.g. Neighbors social media app, home security cameras, mailbox sensor, and home surveillance drone) as consumer-friendly, smart home tools for deterring and reporting burglars and package thieves, the technology has been widely criticized. Most of the condemnation comes from privacy and civil rights activists. However, some academics and tech-company workers also have been critical. The strongest position is Ring doorbell cameras should be abolished. Evan Greer, director of Fight for the Future, declares that ‘products like Ring’ are ‘fundamentally incompatible with basic human rights and democracy’ (Ongweso, 2020). Surveillance scholar Chris Gilliard insists that some ‘technologies are incompatible with a free and equitable society,’ including Ring doorbell cameras (Oremus, 2020). An Amazon software engineer even claims, ‘The deployment of connected home security cameras that allow footage to be queried centrally are simply not compatible with a free society’ (Peterson, 2020). In the Science and Technology Studies (STS) tradition of the ‘modest scholar activist’ who is ‘openly partisan’ and intending to ‘stimulate social action’ (Woodhouse et al., 2002, p. 301), our goal is to document activist criticism and provide further conceptual justification for the research trajectory of what Frank Pasquale (2019) calls the ‘second wave of algorithmic accountability’. The reformist first wave approach focuses on improving technological","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"31 1","pages":"92 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44137186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Bioprinting as a Sociotechnical Project: Imaginaries, Promises and Futures 生物打印作为一个社会技术项目：想象、承诺和未来

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2021.1977264

C. Lafontaine, M. Wolfe, J. Gagné, E. Abergel

{"title":"Bioprinting as a Sociotechnical Project: Imaginaries, Promises and Futures","authors":"C. Lafontaine, M. Wolfe, J. Gagné, E. Abergel","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2021.1977264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2021.1977264","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bioprinting or the production of biological objects using additive manufacturing from a digital blueprint illustrates how sociotechnical imaginaries work within the paradigm of bio-innovation. This technology represents the near realization of the machine-based ideal attained by technologizing biological systems. The deployment of bioprinting establishes a powerful sociotechnical imaginary associated with this technology giving rise to a particular conception of the future. Interviews conducted with researchers working in a French start-up specialized on printing human skin revealed two types of futures built into the bioprinting imaginary: the indeterminate and uncertain future of tissues and organs for regenerative and personalized medicine; and the more achievable and profitable future of in vitro tissue models used by the pharmaceutical industry for drug screening. As part of this temporal landscape, bioprinting researchers struggle with issues such as the imperatives of the innovation model, technical challenges, media hype and their personal expectations. The concrete materialization of the bioprinting sociotechnical imaginary presents itself when researchers are directly confronted with the expectations of patients in search of treatments. These encounters provide an opportunity for researchers to reflect upon the ambiguous nature of their participation in the promissory economy and the construction of projected futures within the bioprinting imaginary.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"30 1","pages":"556 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45128411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Germ Growers in the Colonial Laboratory 殖民实验室的细菌种植者

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2021-08-28 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2021.1970128

D. Crouch

{"title":"Germ Growers in the Colonial Laboratory","authors":"D. Crouch","doi":"10.1080/09505431.2021.1970128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2021.1970128","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Written and set in the Australian colonies, Robert Potter’s The Germ Growers (1892) was amongst the earliest novels that engaged with the theme of extra-terrestrial invasion. It describes the discovery of aliens who breed ‘germs’ in a sophisticated laboratory hidden in the outback with the aim of conquering the human species. The novel’s introduction of these otherworldly interlopers into a setting already host to the political, social and scientific experiments of invaders, puts the colonial preoccupations with settlement and dispossession into sharp relief. Potter’s portrayal of relations between white settlers, aliens, exogenous and Indigenous others, accentuates how anxieties about invasion and contamination, insiders and outsiders, humans and nonhumans were accompanied by the application of scientific knowledge and technological expertise in the establishment and administration of social order. Highlighting the idea of colonies as sites for refining elaborate strategies of coercion and control, the novel provides a situated perspective upon the ways in which the affordances of the laboratory operated as central features of the imperial project and influenced its role in the development of biopolitical governance. In doing so, The Germ Growers brings attention to the archive of colonial fiction as a means of approaching the social and historical contexts that continue to undergird relations between science and culture.","PeriodicalId":47064,"journal":{"name":"Science As Culture","volume":"30 1","pages":"535 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41451682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Board Game Pandemic: Cooperative Sociotechnical Imaginaries Obscuring Power Relations 桌游大流行:合作的社会技术想象掩盖了权力关系

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2021.1965111

Larry Au

引用次数: 3

The (Possible) Future of Cyborg Healthcare: Depictions of Disability in Cyberpunk 2077 电子人医疗保健(可能的)未来:《赛博朋克2077》中对残疾的描述

IF 2.6 3区哲学

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2021.1956888

A. Fox

引用次数: 4

Aging in a Technoscientific World: Postphenomenology versus critical phenomenology Medical Technics 技术科学世界中的老龄化:后现象学与批判现象学