Biomarker Insights最新文献

{"title":"Marked Elevation in Serum Procalcitonin Levels Do Not Correlate With Severity of Disease or Mortality in Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Richard J Durrance,&nbsp;Tofura Ullah,&nbsp;Harsh Patel,&nbsp;Grace Martinez,&nbsp;Kelly Cervellione,&nbsp;Veronica B Zafonte,&nbsp;Khalid Gafoor,&nbsp;Farshad Bagheri","doi":"10.1177/1177271920917941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271920917941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacteremia and sepsis are significant contributors to the morbidity, mortality, and economic burden of health care systems worldwide. Procalcitonin has been identified as a potentially useful marker of disease and severity in sepsis. However, the assumption that greater procalcitonin levels correlate with greater burden of disease has not been adequately studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital with suspected sepsis was undertaken to test the association of elevated procalcitonin (>30 ng/mL) with other markers of sepsis (lactic acid, white blood cell count, percent bands), severity of disease (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II [APACHE II] scores), and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 168 patients were identified over 18 months (42% ward, 11% Stepdown, 44% medical intensive care unit [MICU], 2% surgical intensive care unit (STICU), 1% gynecology [GYN]). The Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum procalcitonin level did not correlate with SOFA (<i>P</i> = .238) or APACHE II (<i>P</i> = .918) scores on admission, and did not correlate with survival (Kruskal-Wallis test, <i>P</i> = .937). However, higher serum procalcitonin levels were associated with patients who had positive blood cultures (Kruskal-Wallis test, <i>P</i> = .0016 for Gram-positive and <i>P</i> = .0007 for Gram-negative bacteria). Lactic acid levels on admission strongly correlated with SOFA APACHE II (the Spearman correlation, <i>P</i> < .0001 for both) and mortality (<i>P</i> = .0001 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher serum procalcitonin levels above 30 ng/mL failed to correlate with indicators of sepsis, severity of disease (SOFA and APACHE II scores), and mortality but were associated with positive blood cultures. Lactic acid levels did show correlation to both severity of disease and mortality. Serum procalcitonin levels >30 ng/mL do not appear to correlate with the severity of disease in a sample of patients with markedly elevated initial procalcitonin levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"15 ","pages":"1177271920917941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271920917941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37992278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allostatic Load Indices With Cholesterol and Triglycerides Predict Disease and Mortality Risk in Zoo-Housed Western Lowland Gorillas (<i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i>).","authors":"Ashley N Edes, Katie L Edwards, Barbara A Wolfe, Janine L Brown, Douglas E Crews","doi":"10.1177/1177271920914585","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1177271920914585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allostatic load, or the physiological dysregulation accumulated due to senescence and stress, is an established predictor of human morbidity and mortality and has been proposed as a tool for monitoring health and welfare in captive wildlife. It is estimated by combining biomarkers from multiple somatic systems into allostatic load indices (ALIs), providing a score representing overall physiological dysregulation. Such ALIs have been shown to predict disease and mortality risk in western lowland gorillas. In these prior analyses, we were unable to include lipid markers, a potential limitation as they are key biomarkers in human models. Recently, we were able to assay serum cholesterol and triglycerides and add them to our previous ALI. We then re-examined associations with health outcomes using binomial generalized linear models. We constructed ALIs using 2 pooling strategies and 2 methods. By itself, a 1-unit increase in allostatic load was associated with higher odds of all-cause morbidity and mortality, but results were mixed for cardiac disease. However, the best fit models for all-cause morbidity and cardiac disease included only age and sex. Allostatic load was retained alongside age in the best fit models for mortality, with a 1-unit increase associated with 23% to 45% higher odds of death. Compared with previous results, ALIs containing cholesterol and triglycerides better predict disease risk in zoo-housed western lowland gorillas, as evidenced by larger effect sizes for some models and better goodness of fit for all ALIs. Based on these results, we address methodology for future allostatic load research on wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"15 ","pages":"1177271920914585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/65/10.1177_1177271920914585.PMC7218307.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37949885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Prostate Cancer Using Pattern Recognition Neural Networks With Flow Cytometry-Based Immunophenotyping in At-Risk Men.","authors":"George A Dominguez, Alexander T Polo, John Roop, Anthony J Campisi, Robert A Somer, Adam D Perzin, Dmitry I Gabrilovich, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1177/1177271920913320","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1177271920913320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current screening methods for prostate cancer (PCa) result in a large number of false positives making it difficult for clinicians to assess disease status, thus warranting advancements in screening and early detection methods. The goal of this study was to design a liquid biopsy test that uses flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis to detect PCa. Numerous myeloid and lymphoid cell populations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, were measured from 156 patients with PCa, 123 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 99 male healthy donor (HD) controls. Using pattern recognition neural network (PRNN) analysis, a type of ANN, PCa detection compared against HD resulted in 96.6% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, and an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.97. Detecting patients with higher risk disease (⩾Gleason 7) against lower risk disease (BPH/Gleason 6) resulted in 92.0% sensitivity, 42.7% specificity, and an AUC of 0.72. This study suggests that analyzing flow cytometry immunophenotyping data with PRNNs may prove to be a useful tool to improve PCa detection and reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies performed each year.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"15 ","pages":"1177271920913320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/90/10.1177_1177271920913320.PMC7169353.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37878097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Biomarker Insights</i> Editor-in-Chief Announcement.","authors":"Jennifer A Byrne","doi":"10.1177/1177271920906676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271920906676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This editorial announces the new Biomarker Insights Editor-in-Chief. The journal will continue to publish high-quality original reports and review articles in all areas of biomarker research, and will welcome submissions that focus on improving the quality of the biomarker research literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"15 ","pages":"1177271920906676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271920906676","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37853694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Functional Polymorphism in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) Gene with Vitiligo.","authors":"Ghaleb Bin Huraib,&nbsp;Fahad Al Harthi,&nbsp;Misbahul Arfin,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Aljamal,&nbsp;Abdulqader Saeed Alrawi,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Al-Asmari","doi":"10.1177/1177271920903038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271920903038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22)</i> is associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. The functional polymorphism in <i>PTPN22</i> at 1857 is a strong risk factor for vitiligo susceptibility in Europeans; however, controversy exits in other populations. Present study was aimed to determine whether the PTPN22 C1857T polymorphism confers susceptibility to vitiligo in Saudi Arabians. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified using tetra primer amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. The frequencies of allele T and genotype CT of PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism were significantly higher, whereas those of allele C and genotype CC were lower in patients as compared with controls (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). The genotype TT was absent in both the patients and controls. It is concluded that PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism is strongly associated with vitiligo susceptibility. However, additional studies are warranted using large number of samples from different ethnicities and geographical areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"15 ","pages":"1177271920903038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271920903038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37658936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Potassium, Sodium, and Chloride Levels in Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Healthy Controls: A Case-Control Study at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra","authors":"C. Antwi-Boasiako, Yaw A Kusi-Mensah, Dr. Charles F. Hayfron-Benjamin, R. Aryee, G. B. Dankwah, Kwawukume Lim Abla, Ebenezer Owusu Darkwa, F. Botchway, Eric Sampene-Donkor","doi":"10.1177/1177271919873889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919873889","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of Na+-K+ ATPase is altered in sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects serum electrolyte levels. This alteration is associated with several complications in sickle cell patients. This study evaluated the serum levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride in patients with SCD. The study was a case-control cross-sectional study involving 120 SCD patients in the steady state and 48 ‘healthy’ controls. The SCD patients were made up of 69 HbSS patients and 41 HbSC patients. Serum electrolyte levels (Na+, K+, and Cl−) were measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Variant 240FS; Varian Australia Pty Ltd). Serum sodium levels were significantly lower in the sickle cell patients, compared with their ‘healthy’ counterparts (P = .0001). Although the study found significantly higher serum levels of potassium in the SCD patients (P = .0001), there was no significant difference in serum chloride levels between patients with SCD and the controls (P = .098). Serum sodium and chloride levels were not significantly different in both HbSS and HbSC patients (P = .197 and P = .553, respectively). The level of serum potassium in the HbSS patients was, however, significantly higher compared with those with the HbSC genotype (P = .0001). There is higher efflux of K+ from the intracellular into the extracellular space in HbSS patients, which may lead to red cell membrane dysfunction and associated complications.","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919873889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44193907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Metabolomic Profiles of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Acute-Onset Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease","authors":"H. Furukawa, S. Oka, K. Shimada, A. Hashimoto, A. Komiya, T. Matsui, N. Fukui, S. Tohma","doi":"10.1177/1177271919870472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919870472","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Acute-onset diffuse interstitial lung disease (AoDILD) includes acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (ILD), drug-induced ILD, and Pneumocystis pneumonia, and frequently occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since AoDILD causes a poor prognosis in RA, biomarkers for AoDILD were eagerly desired. Metabolomic analyses were extensively performed in cancer patients and successfully generated better diagnostic biomarkers. In the present study, serum metabolomic profiles of AoDILD in RA were investigated to generate better potential metabolomic biomarkers. Methods: Serum samples of 10 RA patients with AoDILD were collected on admission and in a stable state, more than 3 months before the admission. Serum metabolomic analyses were conducted on the samples from these RA patients with AoDILD. Results: Apparently distinct serum metabolomic profiles in AoDILD were not observed in univariate or hierarchical cluster analyses. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to select candidate metabolites based on variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. The PLS-DA model generated from the four metabolites with VIP scores more than 2.25 (mannosamine, alliin, kynurenine, and 2-hydroxybutyric acid) could successfully discriminate AoDILD from the stable condition (area under the curve: 0.962, 95% confidence interval: 0.778–1.000). Conclusion: It was demonstrated that metabolomic profiling was useful to generate better biomarkers in AoDILD.","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919870472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47918058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulatory Levels of RANKL, OPG, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Postmenopausal Women With Normal or Low Bone Mineral Density","authors":"F. Azizieh, D. Shehab, K. Jarallah, Renu Gupta, R. Raghupathy","doi":"10.1177/1177271919843825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919843825","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and oxidative stress markers are suggested to contribute to bone loss in osteoporosis that occurs in menopause. However, the association between these markers and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to measure circulatory levels of these parameters in postmenopausal women with normal or low BMD. Methods: The study population included 71 postmenopausal women, of whom 25 had normal BMD, 31 had osteopenia, and 15 had osteoporosis. Serum levels of RANKL, OPG, and 5 oxidative stress markers (catalase, peroxiredoxin 2 [PRX2], superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2], and thioredoxin [TRx1]) were measured using the Multiplex system. Results: As compared with subjects having normal BMD, subjects with low BMD had significantly lower median serum levels of OPG, catalase, SOD2, and PRX2 (P = .004, .031, .044, and .041 respectively). Although levels of RANKL were not different between the 2 groups, the RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in women with low BMD (P = .027). Conclusions: These data provide insights into the possible roles of OPG, RANKL, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the lack of association between these markers and BMD indicates that osteoporosis is complex and multivariate.","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919843825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44821289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewers for Biomarker Insights: 2018","authors":"Andrei, Avni, Batia, Bieniek, Kevin, V. D. Hurk, Jonathan, Tsilidis, Konstantinos, Dunaeva","doi":"10.1177/1177271919829303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919829303","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Biomarker Insights Volume 14: 1 © The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1 7 27 919829303","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919829303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Urinary CD44 and Prosaposin as Specific Biomarkers of Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Neurogenic Bladders.","authors":"Catherine S Forster,&nbsp;Wendy D Haffey,&nbsp;Michael Bennett,&nbsp;Kenneth D Greis,&nbsp;Prasad Devarajan","doi":"10.1177/1177271919835570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919835570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Distinguishing urinary tract infection (UTI) from urinary tract colonization (UTC) in children with neurogenic bladders who require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is challenging. Our objective was to identify urinary proteins to distinguish UTI from UTC in CIC-dependent children that have potential to serve as objective markers of UTI.</p><p><strong>Experimental design: </strong>A total of 10 CIC-dependent children were included in the mass spectrometry analysis (UTI = 5, UTC = 5). Quantitative profiling of urine proteins with isobaric protein labeling was performed using tandem mass spectrometry. Candidate markers were normalized using a collective mixture of proteins from all samples. Relative quantitative abundance of proteins across all samples were compared. Proteins with >50% change in the average abundance were identified as proteins of interest, which were then measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an additional 40 samples (no growth = 10, UTC = 15, UTI = 15).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mass spectrometry revealed 8 differentially expressed proteins. Of these, apolipoprotein D, alpha-amylase 2B, non-secretory ribonuclease, CD44 antigen, and prosaposin were measurable by ELISA. Concentrations of both CD44 and prosaposin were significantly higher in UTI, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.72 and 0.78, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urinary CD44 and prosaposin are candidate markers that may assist with the diagnosis of UTI in CIC-dependent children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"1177271919835570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919835570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}