Biomarker Insights最新文献

{"title":"Translating Liquid Biopsy into Practice- The Promise and Challenges of Circulating Tumor Cells in Ovarian and Lung Cancer Management.","authors":"Nashrah Mustafa, Mehrin Haque Tanisha, Fariha Tasneem, Md Ayman Siddique, Zubaier Ahmed, Namara Mariam Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi","doi":"10.1177/11772719261438618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719261438618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing mortality from ovarian and lung cancers worldwide is largely due to late diagnosis and therapeutic resistance. Conventional biomarkers such as CA125 and CYFRA 21-1 lack the sensitivity or the specificity for monitoring real time disease progression or therapeutic response. This has prompted researchers to work on the development of relevant biomarkers that are minimally invasive for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and for therapeutic stratification. As such, liquid biopsies, which analyze tumor-derived components circulating in the blood including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are shed from primary or metastatic tumors into the bloodstream have emerged as a promising approach for detecting such cancers. This review critically analyzes the diagnostic and prognostic significance of CTCs in ovarian and lung cancers, highlighting technological advances, molecular characterization, and translational challenges associated with their clinical application. It briefly discusses the clinical utility of some biomarkers from liquid biopsies used in the diagnosis, prognosis as well as monitoring of ovarian and lung cancers with their detection methods. It highlights some of the relevant studies conducted in the field and finally it provides insights on the future of liquid biopsies. An extensive literature review analyzing papers between 2008 and 2026 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, that evaluated CTC detection methods, molecular profiling, and clinical outcomes in ovarian and lung cancer patients. Current literature reports that CTC enumeration and molecular characterization can provide significant insights into disease progression, therapeutic resistance and predict survival outcomes. Whilst the enrichment technologies such as CellSearch^®, ISET, and microfluidic platforms have enhanced detection sensitivity, variability in assay performance and lack of a clinical standardization impede proper implementation. CTCs represent a powerful liquid biopsy tool with potential to revolutionize cancer diagnostics and precision medicine. Integration of multi-omics profiling, CTC-derived organoids, and AI-driven analytical models may further enhance their clinical utility in guiding personalized treatment strategies for ovarian and lung cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"21 ","pages":"11772719261438618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating EMID2 as a Prognostic Biomarker of Poor Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Marina Crespo-Bravo, Sine R Syversen, Jeppe Thorlacius-Ussing, Mogens K Boisen, Maria Liljefors, Julia S Johansen, Morten A Karsdal, Nicholas Willumsen","doi":"10.1177/11772719261436895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719261436895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>EMID1 and EMID2 (also known as type XXVI collagen) are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that belong to the EDEN gene superfamily. Both proteins feature EMI domains, implicating them in protein-protein interactions and ECM remodeling. Despite structural similarities EMID1 and EMID2 have distinct functions with EMID1 primarily expressed in epithelial cells and EMID2 in mesenchymal cells. Previous studies have shown that while EMID1 could promote metastasis EMID2 might inhibit tumor growth and dissemination.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Little is known about the specific functions and mechanisms of EMID1 and EMID2 in tumor development. Therefore, this study aims to explore the biomarker potential of EMID 1 and EMID2 in cancer.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective study including a cross-sectional and a prognostic cohort to evaluate the biomarker potential of EMID1 and EMID2 in cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed 2 competitive ELISAs targeting the N-terminal of EMID1 and EMID2. We compared EMID1 and EMID2 levels in serum from patients with different types of cancer (n = 216) to levels in healthy controls (n = 33). Thereafter, we measured EMID1 and EMID2 levels in a second cohort of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC; n = 212) in stage IV treated with chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed EMID1 and EMID2 ELISAs were specific, sensitive and robust. We did not find significant differences in EMID1 and EMID2 levels between patients with cancer and healthy controls, indicating limited diagnostic utility in cancer. However, in patients with mCRC, high EMID2 levels were associated with shorter PFS (241 days) compared to low levels (298 days) independently of other risk factors (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.04-2.36, <i>P</i> = .031). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no association between low or high levels of EMID1 or EMID2 and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights EMID2 as prognostic biomarker in patients with mCRC, where higher levels correlated with more aggressive disease and shorter PFS. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying EMID2 degradation and its implications in cancer progression. Although EMID1 did not show diagnostic or prognostic value in this study, its biomarker potential in other types of cancer or benign diseases warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"21 ","pages":"11772719261436895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Insights into the Regulatory Mechanisms Mediated by Hypoxia-Conditioned Skeletal Muscle Exosomal miRNAs.","authors":"Haijiao Wang, Baochang Shi, Wenting Song, Lu Lu, Akhilesh K Bajpai, Qiu Li","doi":"10.1177/11772719261427170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719261427170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypoxia alters skeletal muscle metabolism and function through complex regulatory mechanisms, including exosome-mediated microRNA (miRNA) signaling.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study profiled exosomal miRNAs from hypoxic human skeletal muscle cells (HSMCs) to explore their roles in hypoxic adaptation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Human skeletal muscle cells were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, and secreted exosomes were isolated for comprehensive molecular profiling. High-throughput miRNA sequencing combined with integrative bioinformatic analyses was used to uncover hypoxia-responsive regulatory networks and key miRNA hubs involved in skeletal muscle adaptation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HSMCs were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions for 24 hours. Exosomes were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and immunoblotting. Exosomal miRNAs (n = 3 per group) were profiled using high-throughput sequencing, followed by differential expression, target prediction, enrichment, and network analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Isolated exosomes displayed typical morphology (mean size: 82.4 ± 3.2 nm) and expressed markers CD9, CD63, and TSG101. Seventy-four miRNAs were significantly dysregulated under hypoxia (23 upregulated, 51 downregulated; FDR < 0.05, |log2FC| ⩾ 1), including upregulated hsa-miR-210-3p and downregulated hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-127-3p, and hsa-miR-126-3p. Predicted targets (~2000 genes) included 451 genes differentially expressed in hypoxic versus normoxic skeletal muscle cells. Functional enrichment highlighted cancer-related, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and HIF-1 signaling pathways, along with muscle differentiation processes. Network analysis identified hsa-miR-20a-5p as a central regulatory hub (46 targets), followed by hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-152-3p. hsa-miR-24-3p showed the strongest disease associations in the miRNA-disease network.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hypoxia induces distinct exosomal miRNA signatures in skeletal muscle, regulating genes involved in differentiation, migration, and stress response. These findings suggest that exosome-mediated miRNA signaling contributes to hypoxia-driven muscle adaptation and intercellular communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"21 ","pages":"11772719261427170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12953981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galectin-3 Is Independently Associated With Short-Term Mortality and Identifies Low-Risk Patients With Acute Dyspnea in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Ahmad Zwawi, Ardavan M Khoshnood, Ulf Ekelund, Torgny Wessman","doi":"10.1177/11772719251412983","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11772719251412983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyspnea is a common and diagnostically challenging symptom in the emergency department (ED), particularly among older adults with multimorbidity. Traditional risk stratification tools often perform poorly in this population. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a biomarker of inflammation and fibrosis, may reflect biological aging and resilience, potentially improving early mortality risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the independent association between Gal-3 and 30-day mortality in patients presenting with acute dyspnea; to assess its utility for identifying patients at low risk of short-term mortality; and to determine its incremental value in improving prediction of 30-day mortality when added to clinical risk models.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective observational study based on the Acute Dyspnea Study (ADYS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 763 adult ED patients with acute dyspnea. Gal-3 was measured as NPX (Normalized Protein Expression) values using the Olink proximity extension assay, and NT-proBNP was measured using standard laboratory methods. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were performed, with internal validation by bootstrap resampling. Predictive performance was evaluated using ROC curves, AUC, and the Youden index, and incremental value was assessed by AUC comparison and net reclassification improvement (NRI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 763 patients, 49 (6.4%) died within 30 days. Gal-3 NPX was independently associated with 30-day mortality (OR 1.97; 95% CI: 1.16-3.36; p = 0.013). Although Gal-3 NPX alone demonstrated moderate discrimination (AUC 0.69), relatively low Gal-3 NPX levels within the cohort effectively ruled out short-term mortality, with a negative predictive value of 96%. Adding Gal-3 NPX to the clinical model modestly improved predictive performance (AUC increased from 0.803 to 0.819; NRI 0.028), primarily by enhancing identification of low-risk patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gal-3 NPX was independently associated with 30-day mortality in patients with acute dyspnea. Although its addition yielded only a modest, non-significant improvement in overall risk prediction, Gal-3 may be useful for ruling out short-term mortality, supporting its potential role as a negative prognostic marker in the ED setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"21 ","pages":"11772719251412983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal Serum Albumin, Alanine Aminotransferase, and Blood Urea Nitrogen are Associated with Higher Risks for Mechanical Ventilation and In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Positive US Veterans.","authors":"Whitney D Moss, Giovanna R Pires, Guo Wei, Jessica L Marquez, Jack D Sudduth, Aaron J Miller, Gregory J Stoddard, Jayant P Agarwal, Sujee Jeyapalina","doi":"10.1177/11772719251409897","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11772719251409897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the first reported case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinicians and scientists have been challenged to contrive ideal prevention, detection, and treatment strategies. As the death toll surpasses 1 million in the United States, identifying disease risk factors, specifically those risks related to severe disease manifesting as in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), becomes crucial.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the association between abnormal blood biochemical markers, specifically albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, serum sodium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), to MV and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 positive United States Veterans.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We performed a retrospective cohort analysis on 298 760 US veterans admitted to any national Veterans Affairs Hospital (VHA) with a positive COVID-19 test from March 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021, resulting in a total of 30 729 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A selection of patient-specific and COVID-19 test-related data was collected from the COVID-19 Shared Data Resources sourced from the VHA's Corporate Data Warehouse. These data were statistically analyzed using multivariable Cox regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with lower albumin (<3.5 g/L); and higher BUN (>23 mg/dL), creatinine (>1.5 mg/dL), and ALT (>40 U/L) levels had increased risks for MV (29%, 40%, 20%, 26%) and in-hospital mortality (46%, 69%, 23%, 13%), respectively. Interestingly, patients with lower BUN (<11 mg/dL) values had decreased risks for both MV (22%) and in-hospital mortality (31%). Patients with sodium <135 mmol/L had an increased risk for MV and in-hospital mortality (30%, 9%), while sodium >145 mmol/L had an increased risk for in-hospital mortality (125%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 and having abnormal albumin, ALT, BUN, and creatinine values were statistically associated with ventilatory status and case-fatality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"21 ","pages":"11772719251409897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12816536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Proteomics & Gene Expression Analysis: Applications in Orthodontics and Oral Health Care Research-A Pilot Project.","authors":"Vaibhav Gandhi, Po-Jung Chen, Sumit Yadav","doi":"10.1177/11772719251392822","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11772719251392822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advances in analytical techniques, including salivary proteomics and gene expression analysis, have enabled the identification of thousands of proteins and specific genetic markers, providing a comprehensive understanding of salivary composition and its dynamic changes in response to therapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct the salivary proteomic analyses using the LC-MS/MS method and identify the number of proteins in the whole saliva. This study also assessed the effect of an intraoral vibration device on the expression of specific genes associated with the bone remodeling process.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This pilot project is a prospective study where salivary samples were assessed at baseline (0 day), Midpoint (15 days), and Endpoint (30 days) following the intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized an intraoral vibration device as a therapeutic intervention to observe the changes in the salivary proteomic analyses using the LC-MS/MS method. Salivary gene expression analysis was conducted for ALPL, OPN, IL1B, IL1RN, IL1R1, TNF alpha, RANKL, and RUNX2 genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1119 proteins in 1059 clusters at 1 minimum peptide and a 444 proteins in 384 clusters at 2 minimum peptides were identified in saliva. Out of all of the genes included in this experiment, OPN showed significant upward change at mid point (9 fold) (15 days) followed by moving toward the baseline level (2.3-fold) toward the end point (30 days).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the potential of salivary proteomics and gene expression analysis as a promising tool for biomarker discovery, emphasizing the complexity and their variability. Despite of some challenges, the advantages of whole saliva collection and the sensitivity of shotgun proteomics and gene expression analysis support its potential as a high-throughput, practical approach for future applications in the field of oral health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"20 ","pages":"11772719251392822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12623663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Additional Prognostic Value of Serial Biomarker Measurements for Extubation Failure Among Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","authors":"Carline N L Groenland, Adinde H Siemers, Eric A Dubois, Diederik Gommers, Leo Heunks, Evert-Jan Wils, Vivan J M Baggen, Henrik Endeman","doi":"10.1177/11772719251385929","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11772719251385929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extubation failure is associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. While single biomarker measurements can aid prediction, repeated biomarker measurements can help to timely recognize underlying diseases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of cardiac (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], high-sensitivity troponin T [Hs-TnT]) and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and procalcitonin [PCT]) prior to extubation and determine their additional prognostic value.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with COVID-19 extubated after mechanical ventilation were included. Daily biomarker levels were collected up to 3 days before extubation. The primary endpoint was extubation failure, defined as reintubation or death within 7 days. Linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze biomarker trajectories in patients with extubation success and failure. Each day before extubation a logistic regression model (consisting of the 4 biomarkers) was constructed to determine the model with the best discriminative ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 297 patients, 21.5% experienced extubation failure. Log₂ Hs-TnT, NT-proBNP and PCT were higher on all days in patients with extubation failure (<i>P</i> < .001, <i>P</i> = .01, <i>P</i> = .01, respectively), whereas log₂ IL-6 was not (<i>P</i> = .54). There was no difference in the change of biomarkers over the days between patients with extubation success and failure (<i>P</i>-value for interaction = .11, <i>P</i> = .82, <i>P</i> = .31, <i>P</i> = .84, respectively). The performance of the logistic regression model including the 4 biomarkers on the day of extubation was significantly better than the model 3 days before extubation (AUC 0.71, 95% CI: 0.64-0.79 vs AUC 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58-0.73, <i>P</i> = .03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hs-TnT, NT-proBNP and PCT measured on the days before extubation are consistently higher in patients with extubation failure. However, there was no relation between the change in biomarker levels over time and extubation outcome. The serial assessment of Hs-TnT, NT-proBNP, PCT, and IL-6 do not seem to add prognostic information to predict extubation failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"20 ","pages":"11772719251385929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12612537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Sex-Related Difference in Cerebrospinal Fluid/Blood Quotient of Albumin in Older Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: Insight From the ORTODEL and BIODEL Study.","authors":"Massimiliano Castellazzi, Maria Cristina Ferrara, Beatrice Arosio, Lucía Lozano-Vicario, Elena Pinardi, Alice Margherita Ornago, Chukwuma Okoye, Nicolás Martínez-Velilla, Giuseppe Bellelli, Stefano Volpato","doi":"10.1177/11772719251385928","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11772719251385928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) regulates substance exchange between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated sex-related differences in the CSF/blood quotient of albumin (QAlb), a BCSFB function biomarker, in older patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for hip fracture (HF) surgery.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Seventy-eight patients aged ⩾65 years (18 males, 60 females) undergoing HF repair were enrolled.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline variables, including age, sex, diagnosis of dementia, were collected. The BCSFB function was assessed using the CSF/blood quotient of albumin (QAlb).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dementia prevalence was similar in men (22.2%) and women (17.6%), as was postoperative delirium (POD) (men 27.8%, women 33.3%). Despite similar demographics, men exhibited significantly higher CSF albumin concentrations (<i>P</i> = .031) and QAlb values (<i>P</i> = .023) compared to women. No differences were found in QAlb value between patients with or without dementia in male (<i>P</i> = .645) and female (<i>P</i> = .102) subgroups. Moreover, no differences in QAlb value emerged between those with or without POD in males (<i>P</i> = .173) and females (<i>P</i> = .225).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite sample size and sex imbalance, our analyses highlight a sex-related discrepancy in BCSFB function in older patients underscoring the need for sex-specific QAlb reference ranges. Normalization of QAlb values by sex may be essential to prevent over- or underestimation of BCSFB dysfunction in the 2 sexes. Future studies with larger, balanced cohorts may clarify these differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"20 ","pages":"11772719251385928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12592657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Clinical Use of Neurofilament Light Chain: Translational Insights From Research to Routine Practice.","authors":"Evelina La Civita, Valerio Nicolella, Mariano Fiorenza, Vincenzo Cosimato, Giuseppe Castaldo, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Marcello Moccia, Daniela Terracciano","doi":"10.1177/11772719251364018","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11772719251364018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for neurological diseases. NfL, a structural component of axons, is released into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood following neuro-axonal damage. Highly sensitive immunometric assays have enabled its reliable quantification in blood, facilitating non-invasive monitoring. Several studies demonstrated strong correlations between NfL levels and the risk of developing different neurological diseases and, in individuals already living with a neurological disease, with the risk of worsening. However, interpretation is affected by factors like age, BMI, renal function, and comorbidities. NfL is already utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in clinical practice, particularly in specialized centers and research settings, although no FDA-cleared assay is currently available for routine use. Recent research has highlighted that NfL may represent the first of a new generation of neurological biomarkers, with many more ready to come, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), further improving diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. Despite its promising role in the landscape of biomarkers, challenges remain to implement NfL in daily clinical practice, including standardization of assays, defining reference values, and ensuring methodological consistency. Addressing these limitations will be essential for integrating NfL into routine clinical practice, ultimately advancing precision medicine in neurology.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"20 ","pages":"11772719251364018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12575937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Activation Could Persist Until Early School-Aged in Children with a History of Low Birth Weight.","authors":"Shingo Ishimori, Shinya Ishiko, Junya Fujimura, Shuhei Aoyama, Yuka Kimura, Hideaki Kitakado, Chika Ueda, Yuta Inoki, Yu Tanaka, Tomoko Horinouchi, Tomohiko Yamamura, Nana Sakakibara, China Nagano, Kandai Nozu","doi":"10.1177/11772719251379198","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11772719251379198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in kidney development and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify children with low birth weight (LBW) at risk of CKD who have RAAS activation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate whether a history of LBW contributes to the development of latent RAAS activation using urine samples from patients with short stature with no clinical kidney symptoms. Additionally, among children who had idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), we examined how a history of LBW contributes to the development of latent RAAS activation using residual kidney biopsy samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively evaluated angiotensinogen (AGT) using spot urine in children with and without a history of LBW, who required evaluation for short stature without kidney symptoms at registration. We also performed immunohistochemical staining of AGT using kidney biopsy specimens of subjects with and without a history of LBW who had INS. Urinary AGT was assessed as a marker of intrarenal RAAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 45 children (median age 5 years), urinary AGT/creatinine (Cr) levels were significantly higher in children with a history of LBW (n = 24) than in those without (n = 21, median: 12.6 vs 6.7 µg/g･Cr, mean: 15.4 vs 9.1 µg/g･Cr, <i>P</i> < .01). The unadjusted mean difference between the 2 groups and the 95% confidence interval were 6.3 and (1.6, 11.1), respectively. In the immunohistochemical kidney pathological study, the positive area of AGT staining in the kidney tubules of 3 subjects with a history of LBW was more extensive than that of 3 additional subjects without a history of LBW.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicated that latent intrarenal RAAS activation in children with a history of LBW persists until early school age and may contribute to the progression of CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"20 ","pages":"11772719251379198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12575984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145431992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}